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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structural studies on sulfated oligosaccharides derived from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of chondroitin 6-sulfate proteoglycans of shark cartilage. I. Six compounds containing 0 or 1 sulfate and/or phosphate residues.

Shark cartilage proteoglycans bear predominantly chondroitin 6-sulfate. After exhaustive protease digestion, reductive beta-elimination, and subsequent chondroitinase ABC digestion, 13 hexasaccharide alditols, which are nonsulfated, sulfated, and/or phosphorylated, were obtained from the carbohydrate-protein linkage region. Six compounds, containing 0 or 1 sulfate and/or phosphate residue, represent approximately 40% of the isolated linkage hexasaccharide alditols. They were analyzed by chondroitinase ACII or alkaline phosphatase digestion in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography, and by 500 MHz one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. All six compounds have the conventional structure in common. Delta 4,5-GlcA beta 1-3GalNAc beta 1-4GlcA beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Xyl-ol One compound has no sulfate nor phosphate. Two of the monosulfated compounds have a O-sulfate on C-6 or on C-4 of the GalNAc residue. The third monosulfated compound has a novel O-sulfate on C-6 of the Gal residue attached to xylitol. The two phosphorylated compounds have O-phosphate on C-2 of Xyl-ol, and one of them has in addition sulfate on C-6 of GalNAc.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Long-term results of intravesical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer: experience of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin.

Long-term results were analyzed in terms of tumor progression and survival in patients with superficial bladder cancer who were enrolled in the second intravesical chemoprophylactic study of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin, which was started in July 1982. This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled trial conducted on primary tumors treated with a long-term instillation regimen that involved control versus intravesical instillations of Adriamycin or mitomycin C given once a week for the first 2 weeks, once every other week for 14 weeks, once a month for 8 months, and once every 3 months for 1 year, for a total of 21 instillations in 2 years. An analysis of the prophylactic effects of such treatment on bladder tumors after TUR has previously been performed, and the results have been published elsewhere. The present study represents a follow-up of the above trial. Of the 671 cases previously analyzed with regard to tumor prophylaxis, 158 cases (23.5%) were eligible to be followed for tumor progression and survival. A detailed comparison of the background factors between these 158 patients and the other 513 cases revealed no statistically significant difference. Thus, the 158 evaluable cases might reasonably be considered to represent all patients enrolled in the second study, and the results were thought to be reasonable enough to reflect the long-term efficacy of the long-term instillation regimen adopted in this study. The median follow-up for these 158 cases was 6.6 years. Tumor progression in terms of the disease stage and/or grade occurred in 43 of 127 patients who received prophylactic instillations and in 12 of 31 control cases. No significant difference in the incidence of tumor progression was found between the treatment and the control groups. In addition, no difference in survival was observed between the treatment group and the control group. Survival was also compared between patients who showed tumor progression and those who did not. All patients whose tumors did not progress survived, whereas the 7-year survival of those exhibiting tumor progression was less than 90%.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Intravesical instillation of adriamycin in the presence or absence of verapamil for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: preliminary report of a collaborative study.

A case-controlled collaborative study on the intravesical administration of Adriamycin in the presence or absence of verapamil, a calcium-channel blocker, as chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer was carried out at two universities, Okayama and Kagoshima, and their affiliated hospitals. Although little is known about the expression of P-glycoprotein in superficial bladder cancer, it may be a cause of multidrug resistance (MDR). Verapamil was used as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein. Arm A consisted of Adriamycin given at 50 mg/50 ml saline, and arm B constituted Adriamycin given at 50 mg/40 ml saline plus 5 ampules (10 ml) of injectable verapamil. The drugs were instilled into the bladder for 3 consecutive days in each of 3 consecutive weeks for a total of 9 instillations. No significant difference in antitumor effects was observed between arm A and arm B. Recurrent tumors responded better than did primary tumors to both arm-A and arm-B treatments (P = 0.012). In both treatment arms, significant differences (P = 0.031) in the response rate were found between tumors with diameters of less than 1 cm and those measuring 1-3 cm in diameter. Although the number of evaluable patients was limited, recurrent subjects who had previously received Adriamycin instillations responded in both treatment arms.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

A metastasis-associated antigen is present on a 60 kDa glycoprotein in transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder.

We have previously shown that the degree of expression of Lex-related carbohydrate epitopes, namely, Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA) receptors, SSEA-1 and FH6, correlates with the metastatic potential of transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder. In an effort to obtain a better reagent with which to detect a metastasis-associated epitope, monoclonal antibodies were produced against LTA receptors from BOY bladder carcinoma cells. One antigen defined by such a monoclonal antibody, MM4, indeed showed better correlation with the metastatic potential of the tumour than did other carbohydrate markers. In the LTA receptors, MM4 antigen was located only on a 60 kDa glycoprotein. In extracts from primary carcinomas and lymph node metastases, the 60 kDa glycoprotein was the principal carrier of MM4 antigen. LTA receptors from these sources were composed of arrays of glycoproteins, while the 60 kDa one was invariably present. Metastasis-associated carbohydrate epitopes on the 60 kDa glycoprotein may promote metastasis by interaction with carbohydrate-recognizing proteins such as selectins on host cells.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

Influence of estrogen and progesterone on the induction of mammary carcinomas by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in ovariectomized rats.

The influence of estrogen on mammary carcinogenesis was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats ovariectomized at the age of 36 days and given injections of 17 beta-estradiol (group I:0, II:1, III:10, IV:100, V:1000 micrograms/2 days) between the ages of 36 and 250 days and a single oral dose of 20 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) at the age of 50 days. No palpable mammary carcinomas were detected up to the age of 135 days. At the age of 135 days, each group was divided into two subgroups (a and b). Rats of the second subgroup (Ib, IIb, IIIb, IVb and Vb) were given additional injections of progesterone (P; 4 mg/2 days) between the ages of 135 and 250 days. At the age of 250 days, the incidence of mammary carcinoma was significantly higher in rats from group IIIb than in groups Ib and IIIa, and that in group IVa was also higher than in group Ia. The incidence in group IVb was significantly lower than in group IVa. The carcinomas in group IIIb were palpable papillo-tubular adenocarcinomas and those in group IVa were secretory micro-adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that the induction of mammary carcinomas by DMBA is totally inhibited by ovariectomy and/or high doses of estrogen, but that mammary carcinomas are initiated by DMBA under hormonal conditions in which suitable levels of estrogen are present. They also suggest that the growth of DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas in the rats from group III were accelerated by additional injections of P and that those in rats from group IV were inhibited by additional P.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1992

Expression of SSEA-1 carbohydrate antigen correlates with stage, grade and metastatic potential of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) was immunohistochemically analyzed in primary cancerous regions from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Lymph node metastasis occurred in 14 (50%) of 28 patients with high expression of SSEA-1 antigen, but in only one (4%) of 23 patients with low or no expression. Of 36 invasive bladder carcinoma patients with no metastasis at operation, 8 (57%) of 14 with high expression of SSEA-1 antigen died of cancer or had metastasis, whereas 4 (18%) of 22 with low or no expression had progression of the disease. In addition, stage pT3b-4 tumors more frequently reacted with SSEA-1 MAb than stage pT1 tumors (p less than 0.01). Grade 2 or 3 tumors were also more reactive than grade 1 tumors, which were all unreactive except for one (p less than 0.01, respectively). Our data suggest that SSEA-1, which is a Le(x) antigen, correlates with stage and grade as well as metastatic phenotype of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1992

Reactivity to fucose-binding proteins of Lotus tetragonolobus correlates with metastatic phenotype of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Expression of binding sites for fucose binding proteins (FBP) of Lotus tetragonolobus were immunohistochemically analyzed in surgically extirpated specimens from patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The degree of expression of FBP binding sites in the primary cancerous region correlated with the occurrence of lymph node metastasis. Thus, lymph node metastases occurred in 15 of 34 cases with high expression of FBP binding sites, but did not in 17 cases with low or no FBP binding site expression. All metastatic lymph nodes strongly reacted with FBP. In addition, primary lesions at the pT3b or pT4 stage more frequently reacted with FBP as compared with those at the pTa, pT1 or pT2 stage. Although FBP is known to react both with Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc and Fuc alpha 1----2Gal sequences, comparative staining of other carbohydrate markers revealed that the latter structure is not related with metastatic potential and stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Expression of a carbohydrate signal, sialyl dimeric Le(x) antigen, is associated with metastatic potential of transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder.

Sialyl dimeric Le(x) antigen was expressed in significant portion of transitional cell carcinoma of the human urinary bladder, but not in the normal uroepithelial tissue. Primary tumors with weak or no expression of the antigen scarcely metastasized to lymph nodes, whereas tumors with high levels of antigen expression metastasized frequently. Metastatic lymph nodes expressed the antigen in most cases. Sialyl dimeric Le(x) antigen was mainly located on 60 and 42 KDa glycoproteins. Since a group of cell adhesion molecules, called LECCAMs, recognize a portion of the antigen, the above results strongly suggest that a LECCAM on the surface of host cells recognizes the carbohydrate structure on the glycoprotein, leading to promotion of metastasis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I protease in Escherichia coli.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) genome is believed to encode its own protease, although the protease has not yet been detected. To identify the HTLV-I protease, an in-frame gag (3' portion)-prt region was expressed in Escherichia coli. The 14-kDa product was detected using antisera against a synthetic peptide mimicking the fragment of HTLV-I protease, although the molecular weight of the primary translational product was 27,000. A cell extract had a proteolytic activity to cleave a synthetic peptide substrate containing the cleavage site of gag p19/p24 at the correct site in vitro. Replacement of the putative active site Asp-64 with Gly abolished both in vivo processing activity and in vitro proteolytic activity. These results suggest that the 14-kDa product is the mature enzymatically active HTLV-I protease generated through posttranslational autoprocessing in E. coli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of human T-cell leukemia virus type I protease produced in Escherichia coli.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) protease has been purified to homogeneity from a strain of recombinant Escherichia coli. The protease was expressed as a larger precursor, which was autoprocessed to form a mature protease. Protein chemical analyses revealed the coding sequence of mature protease, which agreed with the putative sequence predicted from the sequence of bovine leukemia virus protease. The purified protease processed the natural substrate gag precursor (p53) to form gag p19 and gag p24. The protease activity was inhibited by pepstatin A. These results provide direct evidence that this protease belongs to the aspartic protease family and has an activity consistent with the protease in HTLV-I virion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Experimental bacterial prostatitis in rats.

Experimental acute bacterial prostatitis in rats was induced by four different routes of bacterial inoculation. The most simple and reproducible method of producing bacterial prostatitis was to instil the bacterial suspension into the prostatic urethra after the administration of an appropriate antibiotic to prevent associated pyelonephritis.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1991

Expression of a rat ovary-independent mammary tumor-associated antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody, TAK-B1.

A monoclonal antibody, TAK-B1, was produced by immunization of BALB/c mice with mammary carcinoma induced in inbred Sprague-Dawley rats by treatment with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. TAK-B1 reacted with ovary-independent mammary carcinoma cells which had been transformed from ovary-dependent mammary carcinoma cells, but did not react with original mammary carcinoma cells or with cells from mammary glands exhibiting fibrocystic changes or normal mammary glands. However, TAK-B1 reacted not only with basal cells of the epidermis and epithelial cells of the bottom portion of crypts of the small intestine in adult rats, but also with basal cells of epidermis in skin and mesenchymal cells around developing hair follicles in fetuses. We therefore classify TAK-B1 as an ovary-independent rat mammary tumor-associated antigen. Immunoelectron microscopic examinations revealed that the antigen recognized by TAK-B1 was localized in the cell surface membrane of ovary-independent mammary carcinoma cells. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the antigen recognized by TAK-B1 was composed of M 220,000 protein and four other minor proteins.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1991

von Recklinghausen's disease associated with somatostatin-rich duodenal carcinoid (somatostatinoma), medullary thyroid carcinoma and diffuse adrenal medullary hyperplasia.

This report describes the concomitant occurrence of a somatostatin-rich duodenal carcinoid, a medullary thyroid carcinoma and a diffuse adrenal medullary hyperplasia in a patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. A 50-year-old Japanese man died from lung metastasis of a malignant schwannoma. In addition to extensive viscero-cutaneous neurofibromatosis, two different types of neuroendocrine tumors were found in the duodenum and thyroid gland at autopsy. The duodenal tumor, which was located in the second portion, showed the histologic appearance of a carcinoid tumor with glandular differentiation and psammoma-bodies. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells were intensely positive for somatostatin. The thyroid tumor was composed of nests of tumor cells arranged in an endocrine pattern, and showed immunoreactivity for calcitonin. A review of the literature revealed no previously reported case of concomitant occurrence of duodenal somatostatinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma in a single patient with von Recklinghausen's disease. Morphometric analysis of adrenal glands disclosed the presence of diffuse medullary hyperplasia. Thus, the present case exhibited a similarity in some respects with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome, Type IIa or IIb.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Clinical manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy and vesicopathy.

Patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM) sometimes have accompanying voiding disturbances. We performed clinical surveys and urodynamic examinations on 25 untreated patients with HAM. Although 4 cases (16%) were entirely aware of urinary symptoms, the onset of urinary symptoms preceded other pyramidal symptoms in 6 cases (24%). All cases suffered from dysuria. The cause of dysuria was thought mainly to be detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia, but in some cases an underactive detrusor and poor opening of the bladder neck at voiding were also the causes of dysuria. There was a tendency for urinary dysfunction to become worse as the primary disease progresses. Patients with HAM must be carefully followed up by urologists in order to prevent deterioration of the urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Paraganglioma of the cauda equina. A case report and review of the literature.

A case of paraganglioma of the cauda equina is reported. The patient was a 55-year-old Japanese woman who complained of lower back pain and gradual weakening of the left lower extremity, she was diagnosed as having a spinal cord tumor, and the tumor was removed surgically. Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated, and consisted of solid nests of large, polyhedral epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nests were separated from each other by a thin fibrovascular stroma. Grimelius staining revealed neurosecretory granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. This was further confirmed by electron microscopic observation. The tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). On the basis of the histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features of the tumor cells, the tumor was diagnosed as paraganglioma. The cauda equina is a rare location for this type of tumor, and only a limited number of cases have been reported.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMed1991

[Fluid therapy for superior mesenteric artery occlusion shock in rats].

The efficacy of three kinds of fluid such as isotonic sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl), hypertonic sodium chloride (7.5% NaCl) and iso-oncotic (3% in saline) albumin solutions to maintain the hemodynamics was investigated in rats with superior mesenteric artery occlusion (SMAO) shock. Three kinds of fluid were infused so as to maintain the mean arterial pressure within 70% of the control values. Animals in the control group without fluid therapy died within three hours because of shock. Three regimens could maintain the mean arterial blood pressure over three hours. The hypertonic crystalloid solution was effective in the early period of SMAO shock to regain the blood pressure by infusing a small volume. An excessively large amount of volume was required in the group infused with an isotonic crystalloid, providing inadequate tissue perfusion. The iso-oncotic colloid produced a stable circulatory status with minimum changes in tissue perfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) induced by antineoplastic agents].

An autopsy case of hemolytic uremic syndrome after treatment with antineoplastic agents for advanced gastric carcinoma is reported. A 70 year-old woman underwent partial gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma on April 16, 1987 (P0H0S2N4, Stage IV). She was treated with Mitomycin C (MMC), UFT, OK-432 and PSK as post operative chemotherapy. Total doses were 60 mg of MMC, 33.9 g of UFT, 55 KE of OK-432 and (507 g) of PSK. She suffered from occult blood in urine in September 1987, thrombocytopenia and anemia in October, edema and hypertension in November and died due to acute renal failure and pulmonary failure on December 5, 1987. It seemed that the cause of death was hemolytic uremic syndrome induced by antineoplastic agents.

Aged↗