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Biomedical subjects

Y Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohashi.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Increased ciliary beating frequency of nasal mucosa following immunotherapy for allergy.

The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of immunotherapy on the beating frequency of nasal cilia in patients with nasal allergy. Of 40 patients with nasal allergy due to Dermatophagoides farinae, 20 were treated with immunotherapy by the use of D farinae extracts, and 20 control patients were treated with antihistamine tablets. Mucosal pieces were taken from the right inferior turbinate before and 1 year after the initiation of treatment, and the ciliary beating frequency (CBF) was examined by a photoelectric method. The use of antihistamine tablets did not increase CBF even when it relieved the nasal symptoms. Immunotherapy, on the other hand, increased CBF in 66.7% of patients when it alleviated their nasal symptoms. The CBF before immunotherapy of patients who showed an increase CBF after treatment was statistically higher than that of patients who did not.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mucociliary disease of the middle ear during experimental otitis media with effusion induced by bacterial endotoxin.

Lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/mL) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae was injected into the middle ear of guinea pigs. The animals were killed painlessly on days 1, 3, and 7 after inoculation, and the mucosal samples from two sites within the tympanic cavity, close to the tympanic orifice and distal to the orifice, were examined for ciliary activity and epithelial morphology. At day 1 and day 3 serous effusion was observed and deterioration of ciliary activity and morphologic changes were observed. No effusion was recognized at day 7, when the ciliary activity in the distal mucosa was still diminished and that in the proximal mucosa had recovered to a normal level. Our data have shown that lipopolysaccharide extracted from K pneumoniae can produce otitis media with effusion in laboratory animals, and dysfunction of cilia due to lipopolysaccharide probably is responsible for the accumulation of middle ear effusion. The mucociliary system is indeed an important defense system and failure of such a system, especially in the mucosa close to the tympanic orifice, can cause the buildup of effusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and endocrinological studies of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue therapy in prostatic cancer patients].

A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue was administered for 3 to 32 months to 15 prostatic cancer patients in stage B-D (B:3, C:8, D:4). Intratesticular, intratubular and prostatic androgen levels were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after LH-RH analogue therapy. The measurement of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PA) levels was also conducted. Thereafter, we assessed the effect of the LH-RH analogue on androgen levels and the relation of prostatic tissue 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level to the clinical response. The results were as follows: 1) Johnsen's mean germinal epithelium count was significantly decreased from 7.7 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- S.D.) to 4.3 +/- 2.3, and the wall thickness of seminiferous tubules was increased from 5.93 +/- 1.31 to 11.9 +/- 3.64 microns. 2) Plasma testosterone (T), intratesticular and intratubular androgen levels were significantly decreased (plasma T: from 4.40 +/- 1.84 to 0.61 +/- 0.32 ng/ml, intratesticular T: from 335.3 +/- 170.3 to 4.6 +/- 3.8 ng/g.t.w., DHT: from 25.3 +/- 11.7 to 3.7 +/- 2.7 ng/g.t.w., intratubular T: from 50.8 +/- 36.6 to 0.10 +/- 0.99 ng/g.t.w. and DHT: 7.54 +/- 3.20 to 0.63 +/- 0.90 ng/g.t.w.). 3) Crude nuclear DHT levels in prostatic tissue fell from 15.3 +/- 9.3 (N = 8) to 0.37 +/- 0.54 pg/mg protein (N = 3) and the level was non-detectable in 5 of 8 cases. 4) Complete remission was achieved in 1 patient, partial response in 5, objective stable in 8, and objective progression in 1 patient, according to Shimazaki's criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Microvascular architecture of the temporomandibular joint in the adult rabbit as studied by the injection replica SEM method. 1. Rest position of jaws].

Microvascular architecture of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was studied three-dimensionally in the rabbit using the vascular casting/scanning electron microscope method. TMJ was found to be a well-vascularized organ with the most dense vascular distribution in the retro-discal region, but no blood vessels were observed in the articular disc. Morphologically the vascular networks in the upper and lower layers of the transitional area of the retro-discal region into the articular disc were different. The upper layer had a coarse, cap-shaped network beneath the synovial membrane of the superior articular space, whereas a fine and flat network was observed in the corresponding region of the lower layer. The capillaries overlying these networks took winding courses and formed hairpin-like loops at the discal ends of the networks in both layers, but the winding arrangement was more conspicuous in the lower layer, whereas the loop formation was more marked in the upper layer. The result indicate that in addition to the range of movement, the upper and lower layers may be functionally different in the production of synovial fluid and nutritional supply.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative efficacy of three antiviral drugs in mice herpetic keratitis.

The antiherpetic effects of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) in vitro and in vivo were investigated in comparison with those of acyclovir (ACV) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU). ACV was found to be consistently superior to the other two agents in antiviral activity against all ocular isolates in vitro. In vivo tests in mice, in contrast, showed DHPG in ointment form to be more effective than ACV in treating herpetic keratitis. It was noted that even 0.03% DHPG ointment was as efficacious as 0.3% ACV ointment. Other studies using the same keratitis model also demonstrated that DHPG eyedrop solution is far more effective than IDU eyedrop solution. These results indicate that DHPG can be a useful antiviral agent in the treatment of herpetic keratitis.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1989

[Information systems to support cancer treatment].

Information systems for cancer clinical trials and data base systems consisting of the latest information on cancer treatments are introduced as examples of information systems which support clinicians engaged in cancer treatment and research. These systems have not been developed in Japan and interdisciplinary collaborative work should be undertaken to establish such information systems for the more effective use of relevant information.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Presence of epidermal growth factor in human tears.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide that stimulates the growth of various tissues, including the cornea. The presence of EGF in tears from normal volunteers and in aqueous humor from cataract patients was investigated via human EGF (hEGF)-specific radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive hEGF was found to be present at similar concentrations in both reflex (ranging from 0.7 to 8.1 ng/ml) and non-reflex tears (ranging from 1.9 to 9.7 ng/ml), but was undetectable in aqueous humor. Immunoreactive EGF in human tears was indistinguishable immunologically, biologically and biochemically from urine EGF and standard hEGF.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Total knee arthroplasty for patients younger than 55 years.

There are few reports in the literature that deal with the results of total knee arthroplasty in the younger patient. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of total knee arthroplasty in patients under the age of 55 years. Ninety-three knee arthroplasties in 62 patients were performed between 1974 and 1982. The preoperative diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis in 76 knees and osteoarthritis in 17 knees. The total condylar knee prosthesis was used in all knees. Defects in the tibial plateau were noted in 13 knees, and supplemental support was required. Ninety knees (17 with osteoarthritis and 73 with rheumatoid arthritis) were available for follow-up study at a mean of 6.1 years. The knee rating for the entire group was 87.1. The subgroup scores for the osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis groups were also 87.1. Roentgenographic evaluation revealed a lucency rate of 30%. Two implants were found to have global radiolucencies and were considered loose. Survivorship analysis resulted in a cumulative survivorship rate of 96% at ten years for the entire group. These results are comparable to the long-term results of total knee arthroplasty in the older patient and better than the results of total hip arthroplasty in the younger patient. Total knee arthroplasty in the younger patient is a reliable and durable procedure but should be used with caution despite the excellent results reported here.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Purification and properties of the cytosolic substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase. Identification as an Mr 22,000 guanine nucleotide-binding protein.

The substrate for ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium botulinum was purified from the cytosol of bovine adrenal gland. Purification procedures consisted of ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatographies on columns of DEAE-Sepharose and phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration on a TSK-gel G3000SW column, and Mono Q fast protein liquid chromatography. On DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, the substrate activity was eluted in two separate peaks, and electrophoretic analyses revealed that the substrates in the two peaks are of similar molecular weight but different isoelectric points. The major peak of the substrate was further purified. It was purified about 1,800-fold with a recovery of 2.2% by the above procedures. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the final preparation showed a single protein band at Mr 22,000. The purified protein served as a substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase and was maximally ADP-ribosylated to the extent of about 0.7 mol of ADP-ribose/mol of protein. A guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) binding activity was co-purified with the ADP-ribosylation substrate, and the purified protein maximally bound about 0.5 mol of GTP gamma S/mol. GTP gamma S binding was effectively competed by GTP and GDP but not by GMP, ATP, and ADP. Thus, the ADP-ribosylation substrate is a GTP-binding protein. This protein, designated Gb (b for botulinum), is widely distributed in various tissues. It was rich in brain, pituitary, and adrenal glands, and poor in heart, smooth, and skeletal muscles.

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose↗
PubMed1988

Vitamin A eyedrops for superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

We treated 12 patients with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with topical vitamin A (retinol palmitate) eyedrops. After a follow-up period of at least three months, this therapy was found to be effective, to a varying extent, in ten patients (83%). Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis lesions did not recur in these patients as long as topical application was continued.

Adult↗