Squamous cell carcinoma in the maxilla probably originating from a nasopalatine duct cyst: report of case.
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ohashi
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ohashi.
Association between preoperative plasma CEA levels and the prognosis of gastric cancer following curative resection. Tumor Marker Committee, Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer, Tokyo, Japan.
A large-scale retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the association between preoperative plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and the prognosis of 2768 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative gastrectomy between 1983 and 1984 at 66 leading medical institutions in Japan Postoperative follow-up was at least 5 years. Preoperative plasma CEA levels were also analysed against other prognostic factors. Preoperative plasma CEA levels showed strong correlations to the degree of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P = 0.004) and the histopathology of the gastric cancer (P < 0.001). Preoperative CEA levels were also evaluated against survival, after being adjusted for the effect of clinically important factors by multivariate analysis. Patients with lower preoperative plasma CEA levels survived significantly longer than patients with higher CEA levels (P = 0.0001). This analysis demonstrates that curatively resected gastric cancer patients with higher preoperative plasma CEA levels have a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels, despite the adjustment for the effects of major prognostic factors.
Adolescent↗
Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis before and after immunotherapy.
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) exists in soluble form in sera, and the rate of release of the soluble form of IL-2R (soluble IL-2R) reflects T cell activation in vivo. Since T lymphocytes play a central role in respiratory allergic disorders, the measurement of serum levels of soluble IL-2R may be useful in analyzing the disease state of allergic disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum concentrations of soluble IL-2R in 48 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 14 nonatopic healthy controls, with special reference to the possible changes following long-term immunotherapy. METHODS: This retrospective study included 48 patients who had had variable periods of long-term immunotherapy with Dermatophagoides farinae extracts. The duration of immunotherapy ranged from 5 to 15 years. Serum samples were collected twice from each patient, before the initiation of immunotherapy and at the time of clinical assessment of immunotherapy. All the serum samples were simultaneously used for determination of soluble IL-2R concentrations, by the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To serve as controls, 14 nonallergic subjects of the same age range and sex were chosen. RESULTS: Patients with allergic rhinitis before immunotherapy had significantly higher serum levels of soluble IL-2R than nonatopic subjects. Elevated serum levels of soluble IL-2R decreased significantly following immunotherapy and the serum levels of soluble IL-2R in patients with allergic rhinitis after immunotherapy were not statistically different from those of nonatopic subjects. In addition, the percent decrease in serum soluble IL-2R correlated significantly with the duration of immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperactivity of helper T cells of atopic patients is altered after long-term immunotherapy, and such immunoregulatory changes could be theoretically involved in the mechanisms of immunotherapy.
Adolescent↗
Serum level of interleukin-4 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis during allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) may play a central role in the IgE synthesis system, the development of Th-2-like cells, and co-ordination as well as the persistence of airway inflammatory process in allergic disorders. Therefore, IL-4 plays a key role in airway allergic disorders. This study aimed at investigating the serum concentrations of IL-4 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, with special reference to the possible changes and the clinical relevance following long-term immunotherapy. The study has demonstrated that the serum level of IL-4 in allergic rhinitis patients before immunotherapy is significantly higher than that in non-atopic individuals. However, the serum IL-4 level in allergic rhinitis patients did not decrease following anti-allergic medications but significantly decreased following immunotherapy. The percentage decrease in IL-4 was correlated significantly with the percentage decrease in specific IgE antibodies following long-term immunotherapy. Immunotherapy also significantly decreased specific IgE anti-bodies, but this reduction in specific IgE antibodies was not significantly correlated with the clinical improvement. In contrast, the percentage decrease in serum IL-4 was significantly correlated with the percentage decrease in symptomatic scores. The authors interpret these data to mean that immunotherapy alters T-cell cytokine profiles in the long-term, and a decline of IL-4 following immunotherapy could modulate not only production of specific IgE antibodies but also inflammatory cellular events, leading to symptomatic relief in allergic rhinitis.
Adolescent↗
Combination phase I/II study of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) and carboplatin in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CPT-11/Lymphoma Study Group.
Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is a new derivative of camptothecin which inhibits topoisomerase I. Phase II studies have demonstrated that CPT-11 is active against a broad spectrum of neoplasms including intractable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. An early phase II study in lymphoma suggested that a schedule of daily infusions of 40 mg/m2/day for three or five consecutive days is more effective than a single infusion of 200 mg/m2 every three to four weeks. Carboplatin is also an active agent against lymphoma, and preclinical studies have shown that CPT-11 and its active metabolite have a synergistic effect with platinum compounds. To evaluate the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and the therapeutic efficacy of CPT-11 in combination with carboplatin in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we conducted a combination phase I/II study. The starting dose of CPT-11 was 20 mg/m2/day (days 1 through 3 and 8 through 10), and dose escalations of 5 mg/m2/day increments were planned, with a fixed dose of carboplatin (300 mg/m2, day 1). Six of the eight patients receiving both agents at the starting dose level developed critical toxicities such as grade 4 hematologic (neutropenia 6/8, thrombocytopenia 1/8) and grade 3 non-hematologic toxicities (diarrhea 2/8, transaminase elevation 1/8). Further dose escalation of CPT-11 was halted, and the starting doses were judged to be the MTDs. The response rate (25%, 2/8) to the combination of the MTDs was not superior to that of CPT-11 alone in a previous phase II study (38%, 26/69), and the MTD of CPT-11 in combination with carboplatin was less than half the single-agent dose. We conclude that carboplatin is not recommendable for combination with CPT-11 in lymphoma patients. Other suitable agents for such a combination should be sought.
Abdominal Pain↗
Efficient promoter cassettes for enhanced expression of foreign genes in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants.
A series of chimeric promoters for higher-level expression of foreign genes in plants was constructed as fusions of a gene for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) with the terminator of a gene for nopaline synthase (nos) or of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript, and the strength of these promoters was assayed in transient and stable expression systems in tobacco and rice. As parts of these promoters, the CaMV 35S core promoter, three different 5'-upstream sequences of the 35S promoter, the first intron of a gene for phaseolin, and a 5'-untranslated sequence (omega sequence) of tobacco mosaic virus were used in various combinations. In tobacco and rice protoplasts, all three fragments of the 35S promoter (-419 to -90, -390 to -90 and -290 to -90, relative to the site of initiation of transcription), the intron, and the omega sequence effectively enhanced GUS activity. Some chimeric promoters allowed levels of GUS activity that were 20- to 70-fold higher than those obtained with the 35S promoter in pBI221. In tobacco protoplasts, the two longer fragments of the 35S promoter were more effective than the shortest fragment. In rice cells, by contrast, the shortest fragment was as effective as the two longer ones. The terminator of the 35S transcript was more effective than that of the nos gene for gene expression. In transgenic tobacco plants, a representative powerful promoter, as compared to the 35S promoter, allowed 10- and 50-fold higher levels of expression on average and at most, respectively, with no clear qualitative differences in tissue- and organ-specific patterns of expression. When the representative promoter was introduced into tobacco with a gene for luciferase, the autofluorescence of detached leaves after a supply of luciferin to petioles was great and was easily detectable by the naked eye in a dark room.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
Retinal detachments with crescent-shaped retinal breaks in patients with atopic dermatitis.
BACKGROUND: There has been increasing number of reports of retinal detachments associated with atopic dermatitis. However, little is known about the etiology of these rhegmatogenous detachments. The authors encountered two patients with retinal detachments associated with a crescent-shaped retinal break combined with another break located at or anterior to the ora. METHODS: Preoperative and intraoperative findings in these cases were evaluated. RESULTS: In both cases, vitreoretinal adhesions were observed on the anterior and posterior edges of a crescent-shaped retinal break. Vitreous traction between the crescent-shaped retinal break and the break located at or anterior to the ora was also observed. No abnormalities were detected in the choroid in either case. A possible causative factor for the retinal detachments in these patients was the habit of rubbing and slapping their faces, apparently to alleviate extreme itching. CONCLUSION: Crescent-shaped retinal breaks, which were different from conventional horseshoe tears or atrophic retinal holes, were an interesting and unusual feature of two patients with atopic dermatitis and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. These crescent-shaped retinal breaks may have been caused by ocular contusion.
Adolescent↗
Sequence analysis of a 50 kb region between spo0H and rrnH on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
The 49630 bp spo0H-rrnH region of the Bacillus subtilis genome has been fully sequenced. The sequence contains one partial and 62 complete ORFs, one partial and three complete rRNA genes and a cluster of six tRNA genes. The direction of the transcription and translation of 61 ORFs is the same as that of the movement of the replication fork. A homology search of 40 ORFs in newly determined sequence revealed that 27 of them had significant similarity to known proteins such as elongation factor G, elongation factor Tu, pseudouridine synthase I and ribsosomal proteins. Two adjacent genes, ybaD and ybaE, appeared to encode proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Estimate criteria for diagnosis and severity in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
BACKGROUND: Standard severity criteria for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are needed to facilitate clinical and epidemiologic investigations in the common terminology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 692 BPH patients from 8 institutions were judged by specialized physicians for their overall disease severity and severity in 4 domains: symptom, function, anatomy, and quality of life (QOL). The items measuring severity in these 4 domains were the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) questionnaire, uroflowmetry, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and questionnaires on bother and I-PSS QOL index, respectively. By Spearman's rank correlation and multiple regression analysis using physicians' judgement as the criterion variable (gold standard) the items and their cut-off levels were selected so that high predictivity, practicality and clinical significance were maintained, while the number of items in use was minimized. RESULTS: The item(s) and their ranges of values for each severity grade were summarized as follows; the evaluation domain (the selected item(s): range of mild, moderate, severe): symptom (I-PSS: 0-7, 8-19, 20-35), function (maximum flow rate and residual urine volume: > or = 15 mL/s and < 50 mL, > or = 5 mL/s and < 100 mL, < 5 mL/s or > or = 100 mL), anatomy (prostate volume on TRUS: < 20 mL, < 50 mL, > or = 50 mL), QOL (QOL index: 0 and 1, 2 to 4, 5 and 6). The overall severity was efficiently predicted when defined according to the combinations of severity grades of the 4 domains. These criteria predicted physicians' judgement with accuracy of about 80% for overall severity and severity of individual domains. CONCLUSION: The proposed criteria are valid, practical, and would be useful for the common scale of the BPH severity in clinical and epidemiologic studies.
Humans↗
Estimate criteria for efficacy of treatment in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
BACKGROUND: Various treatment modalities for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have emerged and are now in use or await evaluation of clinical usefulness. It is difficult, however, to compare their efficacies on a single scale, because standardized criteria for therapeutic efficacy of BPH treatments have not been established. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 692 BPH patients from 8 institutions in Japan received various treatments, and were judged by specialized physicians for overall efficacy, and for efficacy in 4 domains: symptom, function, anatomy, and quality of life (QOL). Efficacy of treatment was graded as excellent, good, fair or poor, and assessed using items based on conventional clinical measurements. These items included 1) the difference (post-pretreatment value), 2) relative ratio (post/pre) and, 3) the individual values of pre- or posttreatment measurements. The cut off levels for each grade were heuristically selected by Spearman's rank correlation and multiple regression analysis so that the results accurately predicted physicians' judgement, while the feasibility was maintained. RESULTS: The results for each efficacy grade (range of excellent, range of good, range of fair, range of poor) were summarized as follows: Symptom: (post/pre treatment ratio of I-PSS) < or = 0.25, < or = 0.5, < or = 0.75, > 0.75. Function: (post-pre of Qmax) > or = 10 mL/s, > or = 5 mL/s, > or = 0.25 mL/s, < 0.25 mL/s. Anatomy: (post/pre ratio of prostate volume) < or = 0.5, < or = 0.75, < or = 0.9, > 0.9. QOL: (pre-post of QOL index) > or = 4, 3, 2 and 1, < or = 0. The overall efficacy grade was defined as the median of efficacy grades of 3 domains: symptom, function and QOL. The agreement rates between the criteria and physicians' judgement on the dichotomous efficacy (either excellent plus good, or fair plus poor) were approximately 80% in individual domains and overall estimate, and consistent among various treatments. CONCLUSION: The proposed criteria are fairly accurate, simple, and practical, and thus may be useful as a standard method for assessing the clinical efficacy of BPH treatments.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
Mutations of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP-1 oncogene in a 10-year-old Japanese girl with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
A 10-year-old patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied for mutations within the carboxy-terminal portion of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 gene. The EBV genome, defined as type A, was detected in biopsied tumor specimens by Southern hybridization with specific probes. Sequence analysis of the carboxy-terminal part of the LMP-1 gene revealed no deletions but seven single-base substitutions, four of which were found to be identical to those previously detected in codons for amino acids 322 to 366 in the Chinese NPC CAO. Although yet unresolved, the observed mutations may be associated with the pathogenesis of NPC.
Blotting, Southern↗
Preclinical Cushing's syndrome: report of four cases and analysis of steroid contents in adenomas.
We report 4 cases of preclinical Cushing's syndrome (PCS) that were discovered incidentally by computed tomography (CT) as adrenal incidentalomas. Routine endocrine examinations revealed a suppressed plasma ACTH level. A final diagnosis was made by means of precise endocrine assessments and adrenal scintigraphy with radiolabelled iodocholesterol. Although endocrine data varied, the positive accumulation of radioisotope in the adrenal tumor, with nonvisualization of the contralateral side, was observed in all cases. Endocrine studies and analyses of steroid contents in tumors by HPLC suggested that subtypes or heterogeneous forms of this disease entity may exist. One type shows small tumors with relatively elevated cortisol production, and a disturbed diurnal rhythm and suppression of plasma cortisol with dexamethasone (DXM). The other type showed large tumors with weak-to-average cortisol production, and the diurnal rhythm of cortisol was preserved.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
Cumulative incidence and prevalence of childhood autism in children in Japan.
BACKGROUND: An epidemiological survey of childhood autism as defined in ICD-10 Research Criteria was conducted in the northern part of Yokohama, Japan. METHOD: The routine health checkup for 18-month-old children served as the initial mass-screening, and all facilities which provide child care services function to detect all cases with childhood autism and refer them to the Yokohama Rehabilitation Centre. RESULTS: Cumulative incidence of childhood autism up to 5 years of age among the birth cohort of 1988, and prevalence on 1 January 1994, among residents born in 1988 were estimated RESULTS: Cumulative incidence and prevalence were 16.2 per 10,000 and 21.1 per 10,000, respectively. Children with high-functioning autism who had IQs of 70 and over constituted approximately half of all the children with childhood autism. CONCLUSION. It was confirmed through better detection of high-functioning cases that childhood autism in Japan is more common than formerly estimated.
Age Factors↗
[The affinities of mosapramine for the dopamine receptor subtypes in human cell lines expressing D2, D3 and D4 receptors].
The affinities of mosapramine hydrochloride, an iminodibenzyl antipsychotic drug, for dopamine receptor subtypes were determined by human dopamine D2, D3 and D4 receptors expressed in several cell lines and compared with those of other neuroleptics. Tritiated spiperone bound to the membrane of transfected cells in a saturable manner, and the Kd values for dopamine D2, D3 and D4 receptors were 0.021, 0.12 and 0.10 nM, respectively. Mosapramine showed the highest affinities for these receptor subtypes among the antipsychotics tested. The ratio of Ki values between D2 and D3 (D2 Ki/D3 Ki ratio) in mosapramine was higher than that of haloperidol, indicating that the effects of mosapramine on D3 receptors were more potent than those of haloperidol. On the other hand, clozapine, risperidone and raclopride had higher affinity to D4, D2 and D3 subtypes, respectively. The affinities of mosapramine for D4 receptors was 8 times higher than that of clozapine, and the affinity for D3 receptors was 40 times higher than that of raclopride. These results suggest that the effect on D3 receptors may underlie at least a portion of mosapramine's atypical clinical profile.
Antipsychotic Agents↗
Isolation and characterization of two monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of the human c-kit receptor.
After immunizing mice with a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, M-MOK, we obtained two monoclonal antibodies which recognize the human c-kit receptor. The monoclonal antibodies, designated MTK1 and MTK2, were found to specifically recognize Balb/3T3 cells transfected with human c-kit cDNA and not parent Balb/3T3 cells while showing different immunological, biochemical and biological behaviors. Both allowed visualization of the 140 kDa c-kit protein by Western blot analysis, but MTK1 detected only positive band with non-reducing conditions for sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. MTK1 partially inhibited the stem cell factor (SCF) induced proliferation of M-MOK cells, whereas, MTK2 was without effect. MTK1 also inhibited the bone marrow derived colony forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) formed by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and SCF. Not only anti-CD34 antibodies (HPCA-1) but also MTK1 could be shown to concentrate bone marrow CFU-GM and burst forming unit erythroid (BFU-E) effectively. The presently described monoclonal antibodies may therefore be useful for functional analysis of the ligand binding domain of the human c-kit receptor, as well as for further classification of hematopoietic stem cells in addition to the CD34 positive cells.
Animals↗
IL-2 receptor gamma chain expression on CD34 positive hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow and cord blood.
The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain is shared among receptors for IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15 as well as IL-2. In order to clarify the functional role of these cytokines interacting with the common gamma chain in human early hematopoiesis, we studied expression of the IL-2R gamma chain on purified CD34 positive cells from bone marrow and cord blood. Broad populations of bone marrow mononuclear cells were all found to express the IL-2R gamma chain. CD34 positive cells were purified by CD34 monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic beads as representative hematopoietic progenitor cells. It was established that only 38 +/- 10% of CD34 positive bone marrow cells (n = 5) and 35 +/- 12% of CD34 positive cord blood cells (n = 11) expressed the IL-2R gamma chain. CD34(+) IL-2R gamma chain(+) and CD34(+) IL-2R gamma chain(-) cells fractionated by cell sorting were subjected to clonogenic assays that showed granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) were present evenly in both fractions, whereas erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) were enriched in the CD34(+) IL-2R gamma chain(-) fraction approximately two- to six-fold as compared with CD34(+) IL-2R gamma chain(+) fraction. Such clonogenic features did not differ between the bone marrow and cord blood cases. These results indicate that CD34(+) IL-2R gamma chain(-) cells contain immature cells already committed to the erythroid lineage.
Adult↗
Effects of topical aldose reductase inhibitor CT-112 on corneal sensitivity of diabetic rats.
PURPOSE: To investigate whether the loss in corneal sensation observed in human diabetics could be duplicated in diabetic rats and if this abnormality could be prevented by topical instillation of an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), CT-112. METHODS: Rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. Some of these rats were treated with eye drops of CT-112 while others were treated with the same vehicle solution without ARI. Normal rats served as controls. Corneal sensitivity was measured by means of a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, using the blink reflex as an objective sign. Corneal changes in ultrastructure in diabetic rats were also observed. RESULTS: The corneal sensitivity of diabetic rats was significantly decreased and this change was prevented by ARI treatment. Ultrastructurally, degenerations of axons and mitochondria of the corneal nerve were seen in the diabetic rats and the ARI treatment prevented these morphological changes. CONCLUSIONS: It is clear that corneal hypesthesia occurs in diabetic rats as it does in human diabetics, and treatment with an ARI prevents this change. Along with the functional abnormality, the ultrastructural changes of corneal nerve also occur in diabetic rats, and they are prevented by ARI. These results strongly suggest that aldose reductase is involved in corneal hypesthesia and ultrastructural changes of corneal nerve in diabetic rats. These defects are ameliorated by aldose reductase inhibitor.
Administration, Topical↗
Cell surface c-kit receptors in human leukemia cell lines and pediatric leukemia: selective preservation of c-kit expression on megakaryoblastic cell lines during adaptation to in vitro culture.
We produced a monoclonal antibody MTK1 which recognized c-kit protein. Using MTK1, 31 leukemia cell lines and 76 leukemia blasts from pediatric patients were analyzed for expression of the c-kit receptor by flow cytometry. The c-kit receptor was detectable on four of four cell lines assigned to the megakaryo/erythromegakaryoblastic lineage and on one of seven cell lines of myeloid lineage. C-kit expression was not seen on any of 20 cell lines of erythroid and lymphoid lineages. Furthermore, c-kit was expressed on 16 of 24 nonlymphoid blasts without platelet surface antigens (67%) and on six of eight non-lymphoid blasts with platelet surface antigens (75%), but was not detectable on 44 lymphoid blasts from pediatric leukemia patients. In these cases CD34 was expressed on 26 of 32 myeloid blasts (81%) and on 27 of 44 lymphoid blasts (61%). The findings indicate a dominant expression of the c-kit receptor on established cell lines assigned to the megakaryo/erythromegakaryoblastic lineage, though a high percentage of leukemic myeloblasts also expressed the c-kit receptor on their surface.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗