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Biomedical subjects

Y Oguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Oguchi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[A statistical study of ocular complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and its prolongation factors].

A statistical study was carried out on 218 patients (107 male and 111 female) with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) who visited our clinic from April 1985 to March 1992. The incidence of ocular complications (OCs) and the rate of prolonged OCs (over 6 months) were also studied with the factors that were considered to have affected them. There were 114 patients who showed OCs out of 218 HZO patients (52.3%). The incidence of OCs was higher among the patients with nose eruption than among those without (p < 0.001), and lower among the patients with acyclovir treatment in advance than among those without (p < 0.001). The rate of prolonged OCs was higher among the patients over 50 years old than among those under 50 years old (p < 0.05), higher among the patients with nose eruption than among those without (p < 0.05), and lower among the patients with acyclovir treatment in advance than among those without (p < 0.01). Those with nose eruption had a high rate of prolonged iritis. Severe visual acuity loss remained in 3 cases (2.6%): 2 cases of corneal opacity in the center and 1 case of neurouveitis. Two patients suffered from high intraocular pressure complicated with prolonged iritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Histamine and tryptase levels in allergic conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis.

Tryptase is useful as a specific and accurate indicator of mast cell activation, whereas histamine, a mast cell's major mediator, also exists in basophils. The aim of this study is to investigate histamine and tryptase levels in allergic conjunctiva. We measured histamine and tryptase levels in conjunctival epithelial cell suspension of children with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and vernal kerato-conjunctivitis (VKC), and controls, and we evaluated correlations with clinical observations. Both the histamine and tryptase levels in VKC were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and histamine levels in VKC was also greater than AC (p < 0.05). The histamine/tryptase (H/T) ratios were 0.03 +/- 0.04 in AC, 0.08 +/- 0.09 in VKC and 0.006 +/- 0.006 in controls. The H/T ratios in VKC were significantly higher than controls (p < 0.05) and AC (p < 0.05), and were also found to correlate with the superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) score (r2 = 0.89). Analyzing the histamine and tryptase levels in conjunctival epithelium may be useful in evaluating the allergic ocular surface, especially in the cases with SPK, where the increase in the histamine levels is not accompanied by an increase in tryptase levels. This suggests an important role for inflammatory cells such as basophils infiltrating into the conjunctival epithelium in allergic reactions.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Rhinogenous optic neuritis with drastic diurnal variation of visual function.

We report a case of rhinogenous optic neuritis in a 50-year-old man demonstrating drastic diurnal variation in visual function. His left vision was 20/15 in the morning, which gradually decreased to counting fingers at night. Pupillary reaction and visual field showed the same fluctuation as vision. Complete remission of visual symptoms was achieved after endonasal ethmoid sinusotomy.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1994

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. A mutation in codon 181 (Glu-->Lys) of the rhodopsin gene in a Japanese family.

The PCR/restriction endonuclease digestion (RE) assay and PCR/SSCP analysis of the rhodopsin gene in 13 Japanese families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ad RP) revealed a G-A substitution of the first nucleotide of codon 181, replacing Glu (GAG) with Lys (AAG), in one family. The proband showed an early onset of symptoms in childhood with a diffuse loss of rod and cone function and a relatively good preservation of cone function, corresponding to the type with relatively rapid progression to blindness (type I category of ad RP).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

We report a case of rapidly progressive varicella zoster virus retinitis, which is distinct from acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The patient was a 52-year-old male and suffered acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two months after the varicella zoster dermatitis in the distribution of the first division of the left trigeminal nerve, pseudodendritic keratitis and iridocyclitis were observed in the left eye. After 5 weeks, multifocal and patchy white exudates were observed in the peripheral deeper layer of the retina in the left eye, but retinal vasculitis in the exudative lesions was slight. Despite systemic administration of acyclovir, white exudates progressed confluently from the periphery to the post pole of the retina and reached the macula in 10 weeks. Eight weeks after the observation of lesions in the left eye, we found the same lesions in the right eye. After the white exudative lesions disappeared, the retina became atrophic and the retinal vessels were narrowed, but no retinal detachment was observed. Recently, Foster and associates described the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis as a new entity of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS patients. We think our case was very similar to the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis. This case shows that we must carefully follow up the rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis in the AIDS patients with a varicella zoster dermatitis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Rate of change of QT interval in response to a sudden change in the heart rate in dogs.

Although it is known that the QT interval is dependent on the preceding RR interval, QT interval does not vary during respiratory sinus arrhythmia, despite a wide variation in heart rate. To assess the rate of change of the QT interval following an abrupt increase or decrease in heart rate, QT intervals were measured from ECG of healthy, anesthetized, thoracotomized dogs in which a junctional rhythm had been induced by destroying the sinoatrial node. Atria were paced at 800- or 600-millisecond cycle durations until a steady state was reached, and then the cycle duration was changed suddenly to a new cycle duration (600 or 800 milliseconds, respectively). The time and number of heart beats required until the QT interval achieved a value of 63% (1 time constant) of the new steady state were calculated. Time constants for change in QT interval vs the number of beats following the change were 2.8 (SD = 1.3 s) seconds when heart rate was accelerated and 4.7 (SD = 2.1 s) seconds when heart rate was slowed. Differences were not statistically significant. The time constants for change in QT interval duration vs duration after the sudden change in heart rate were 1.7 (SD = 0.8 s) seconds when heart rate was accelerated and 3.7 (SD = 1.7 s) seconds when heart rate was slowed. These time constants differed significantly (P < 0.01). Response of QT interval, therefore, depended on the number of heart beats following sudden change in heart rate, but not time, except as time determined the number of heart beats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

High frequency of mutations at position 11778 in mitochondrial ND4 gene in Japanese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

We have investigated the presence of a point mutation at position 11778 in the ND4 gene of mitochondrial DNA in 17 Japanese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), and have identified the mutation in 14 (82.4%) of the 17 families. The prevalence of this mutation appears to be much higher in Japanese patients with LHON than in patients of other ethnic origins, such as Finnish, Dutch, German, and English families.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

A novel Cys-214-Ser mutation in the peripherin/RDS gene in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.

We have screened for possible disease-causing mutations in the peripherin/retinal degeneration slow (RDS) gene in 13 Japanese families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, a novel mutation at codon 214 was found in which the highly conserved cysteine was replaced with a serine in one family. The mutation at codon 214 was found in all three affected siblings of this family, but none of the 40 normal control individuals had this mutation. These results strongly suggest that the mutation is pathogenic for RP in this family. The clinical phenotype for this family is a late-onset form of ADRP.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1993

Enhancement of T-cell proliferation by PSK.

Protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, is a biological response modifier and influences various immunological functions in vivo, including those of T-cells. However, PSK has not been proved to stimulate proliferation of T-cells in vitro in contrast to various lines of evidence that indicate the proliferation of B-cells in vitro. PSK enhanced the proliferation of spleen cells in C3H/He and nude mice in vitro. In this study such proliferating cells were detected by monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into DNA, and their subsets were determined by flowcytometry with monoclonal antibody to Thy1 as a cell surface marker of T-cells. When spleen cells from C3H/He mice were cultured with PSK for 3 days, the percentage of BrdU positive cells increased, and about 67% of BrdU positive cells were Thy1.2 positive. In addition, PSK also had the activity to enhance the proliferation in a T-cell-enriched fraction from spleen cells by nylon fiber columns as well as that in original spleen cells. These results suggest that PSK enhances the proliferation of T-cells as well as B-cells.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1993

Corneal endothelial cell loss induced by air bags.

BACKGROUND: Although the automobile air bag is a safety device used to protect drivers from death and moderate-to-severe injury, recently it also has been reported to be associated with some ophthalmic injuries. The authors have encountered a case in which a normal air bag may have caused a driver's corneal endothelial cell loss. In this study, the authors evaluate corneal endothelial cell loss caused by several types of air bags in the hope that air bag technology may be improved. METHODS: The authors performed impact tests with whole pig eyes fixed in a crash test dummy, using five different types of air bags. The area of damaged corneal endothelial cell was analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS: The authors found that corneal endothelial cell loss was correlated with the inflator power of the air bag but not with its weight. CONCLUSION: Although greater inflator power is needed for rapid air bag expansion, the effect on the eye should be considered in further refining this device. There may be greater latitude in the selection of air bag material. The authors believe their technique is applicable to the assessment of many air bag or passenger variables.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Rationale of surgical management for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

From 1979 to 1991, 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent a curative hepatic resection in our institution. Five patients died within 1 month, and four patients died after longer than 1 month hospitalization. The remaining 91 patients were closely followed. Intrahepatic recurrences became obvious in 36 (40%) of these 91 patients during the follow-up period. Second operation was carried out on 22 patients, and the re-extirpation of HCCs was performed on 16 patients. Pure ethanol injection into the tumor associated with implantation of the Infuse-A-Port (Infusaid Inc., Norwood, MA) for intra-arterial infusion of anti-cancer agents was performed on the remaining six patients. Of these 22 patients, 15 are still alive, eight being free of HCC and seven with the disease, for 13 to 92 months after the first operation. The cumulative survival rate of 22 patients with repeated operations was significantly better than that of 14 patients who were treated conservatively (p < 0.05). The adequate surgical management of recurrent HCC is considered as most important in achieving better prognosis of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Duration of QT interval in clinically normal dogs.

The QT interval is the period from onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave. The QT interval is useful for monitoring drug (eg, quinidine) and electrolyte (eg, calcium) effects on the heart. It depends principally on heart rate (HR), and the relationship between QT interval and HR has been expressed for human beings and for dogs. The purpose of the study reported here was to quantify that relationship for dogs and to assess whether body weight also influenced QT interval. The ECG was recorded from 17 dogs, ranging in weight between 7 and 25 kg. Dogs were anesthetized with fentanyl/droperidol/ketamine, and HR was accelerated by administration of graded doses of atropine. A significant relationship was not found between QT interval and body weight. Despite changes in HR during sinus arrhythmia, a significant relationship was not found between QT and RR intervals. The QT interval vs HR accelerated by atropine was analyzed for all dogs and for small (7 to 10 kg, n = 5), medium (10 to 20 kg, n = 7), and large dogs (20 to 25 kg, n = 5). Equations relating QT interval to mean HR were calculated for each group. Our data may serve as a baseline with which to compare QT intervals from dogs with heart disease and/or electrolyte imbalance.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Histological evaluation of brush cytology of rabbit conjunctiva].

The number of the cells and the layers of the conjunctiva which can be obtained by brush cytology was studied on rabbit conjunctiva using cytological and histological methods. About 1,000, 3,500, and 10,000 conjunctival epithelial cells can be obtained by 7, 14, and 20 brush strokes histological observations showed that all varieties of the layers including basal cells were obtained without destroying the basement membrane. This study showed that the brush cytology can offer single cell suspension only from the conjunctival epithelium, and that brush cytology is useful to investigate the conjunctival epithelium by flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction, and other methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Molecular cloning of the genes in genetic chorioretinal diseases--positional cloning and the candidate gene approach].

Two different molecular biological approaches to the disease-causing genes of genetic eye diseases are described. In gyrate atrophy of the chroid and retina where the biochemical defect was identified as inactivation of ornithine aminotransferase, the gene was cloned by using antibody for the enzyme. In most genetic eye diseases, however, the biochemical defects are unknown. Positional cloning and/or the candidate gene approach are used to identify the disease-causing genes for these diseases. The genes of chroideremia and Norrie disease were cloned by positional cloning. Several genes expressed in the photoreceptor cells have been identified recently and may be the genes causing progressive degeneration of the retina and choroid. Rhodopsin, peripherin (RDS), rom-1, and beta subunit-cGMP phosphodiesterase are identified as the disease-causing genes for retinitis pigmentosa by the candidate gene approach.

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1992

[Radiation management of retinoblastoma].

Forty-five patients with retinoblastoma were treated at Keio University Hospital from 1970 to 1990. Thirty-two patients had unilateral lesions and 13 had bilateral lesions. Twenty-nine patients with unilateral and 12 with bilateral lesions underwent enucleation for advanced tumor. As a result, 3 patients with unilateral retinoblastoma and all patients with bilateral disease were treated with radiotherapy (40-50 Gy) combined with or without cryotherapy and/or photocoagulation. One patient with unilateral lesion treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy had metastases at the first visit to our clinic and was excluded from this analysis. Among 16 eyes (15 patients) treated with radiotherapy, 6 eyes had recurrence and needed retreatment. Cataract occurred in 6 of 12 eyes and good vision was preserved in 5 of 10 eyes in which function could be evaluated.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Effects of biological response modifiers with different modes of action used separately and together on immune responses in mice with syngeneic tumours.

The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) obtained from cultured mycelia of the Basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host defence mechanism of C57BL/6 mice bearing adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Delayed footpad reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells and interferon production induced by concanavalin A in splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by PSK, but in mice bearing tumours PSK prevented the tumour-induced reduction in these activities. Live BCG augmented these activities in healthy mice but had little effect on the reduction of activities induced by a tumour. The immunosuppressive activity of the serum of tumour-bearing mice was reduced by PSK administration; live BCG did not have this effect. The combined use of live BCG and PSK improved these activities in the host, with synergistic increases in the antitumour effect. These results suggest that the combined use of live BCG and PSK, which have different modes of action, may be useful in the treatment of cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗