Platysma sign in high cervical lesion.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Ogawa
Publications and source records attributed to Y Ogawa.
Tissue reaction at the implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 into the skeletal muscle.
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a unique cytokine that induces bony tissue in soft tissue. Tissue reactions at and around the implantation of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) into the soft tissue of rats and nonhuman primates were investigated. At the osteoinduced site of rats, massive trabeculae-lined osteoblasts and rich marrow were observed. At and around the nonosteoinduced sites of nonhuman primates, large clear nuclei were observed in reaction to rhBMP-2 implantation. The surrounding area was visually classified into zones 1, 2 and 3. Zone 3 was near the center of the implant. The area of nuclei, the major axis, the minor axis and the ratio of minor axis per major axis were image-analyzed in the histological views. In zones 1, 2 and 3, the nuclear areas were 18.0 (3.1) mean (SD); unit micron2, 33.4 (5.61) and 110.1 (23.7), respectively. The major axes of nuclear ellipses were 7.45 (0.22) (unit micron), 7.76 (0.26), and 13.9 (1.88), respectively. The minor axes were 3.07 (0.53), 5.59 (0.95) and 10.1 (1.35), respectively. The ratios of minor axis per major axis of nuclear ellipses were 0.4 (0.57), 0.72 (0.11) and 0.73 (0.11) in zones 1, 2 and 3, respectively. These results showed that in zones 2 and 3 cell and tissue reactions were marked against rhBMP-2 implantation.
Animals↗
Serum CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin-19 fragments) is a useful tumour marker for detecting disease relapse and assessing treatment efficacy in breast cancer.
The usefulness of serum CYFRA 21-1 (cytokeratin-19 fragments) in monitoring the recurrence of breast cancer and in evaluating therapeutic effects was studied retrospectively. The sera from 173 patients with primary breast cancer or recurrent disease were measured for CYFRA 21-1, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) levels. The positive rates of serum CYFRA 21-1 for stage IV (n=12) or recurrent disease (n=26) were 83.3 and 84.6%, respectively, while those of serum CEA were 41.7 and 26.9%, and those of serum CA 15-3 were 83.3 and 34.6%. The elevated preoperative levels of serum CYFRA 21-1 decreased to normal levels after curative operation, whereas the levels remained abnormally high after noncurative operation. There was a significantly high frequency of recurrence in patients with elevated levels of serum CYFRA 21-1 preoperatively compared to those with normal levels of the marker preoperatively. The serum CYFRA 21-1 levels were well correlated with response to chemotherapy. The positive rate of serum CYFRA 21-1 alone was higher than that of an assay combining CEA with CA 15-3, in both primary and recurrent cases (28.8 vs 18.8 and 84.6 vs 46.2%, respectively). These observations suggest that serum CYFRA 21-1 may be a reliable marker of recurrence or therapeutic efficacy.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Serum leptin level is a regulator of bone mass.
Leptin is a powerful inhibitor of bone formation in vivo. This antiosteogenic function involves leptin binding to its receptors on ventromedial hypothalamic neurons, the autonomous nervous system and beta-adrenergic receptors on osteoblasts. However, the mechanisms whereby leptin controls the function of ventromedial hypothalamic antiosteogenic neurons remain unclear. In this study, we compared the ability of leptin to regulate body weight and bone mass and show that leptin antiosteogenic and anorexigenic functions are affected by similar amounts of leptin. Using a knock-in of LacZ in the leptin locus, we failed to detect any leptin synthesis in the central nervous system. However, increasing serum leptin level, even dramatically, reduced bone mass. Conversely, reducing serum-free leptin level by overexpressing a soluble receptor for leptin increased bone mass. Congruent with these results, the high bone mass of lipodystrophic mice could be corrected by restoring serum leptin level, suggesting that leptin is an adipocyte product both necessary and sufficient to control bone mass. Consistent with the high bone mass phenotype of lipodystrophic mice, we observed an advanced bone age, an indirect reflection of premature bone formation, in lipodystrophic patients. Taken together, these results indicate that adipocyte-derived circulating leptin is a determinant of bone formation and suggests that leptin antiosteogenic function is conserved in vertebrates.
Animals↗
Magnetization-induced second harmonic generation in a polar ferromagnet.
Second harmonic generation (SHG) induced by spontaneous magnetization has been investigated for a polar ferromagnetic crystal of GaFeO3. The Kerr rotation of the second harmonic light becomes gigantic with decreasing temperature below the magnetic transition temperature (approximately =205 K), e.g., as large as 73 degrees at 100 K. The magnetic domains can be visualized by using that large nonlinear Kerr rotation. The spectrum of the magnetization-induced SHG as measured indicates the two-photon resonant electronic process on a Fe3+ ion in the crystal.
Journal Article↗
Measurements of the D(sJ) resonance properties.
We report measurements of the properties of the D(+)(sJ)(2317) and D(+)(sJ)(2457) resonances produced in continuum e(+)e(-) annihilation near sqrt[s]=10.6 GeV. The analysis is based on an 86.9 fb(-1) data sample collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. We determine the masses to be M(D(+)(sJ)(2317))=2317.2+/-0.5(stat)+/-0.9(syst) MeV/c(2) and M(D(+)(sJ)(2457))=2456.5+/-1.3(stat)+/-1.3(syst) MeV/c(2). We observe the radiative decay mode D(+)(sJ)(2457)-->D(+)(s)gamma and the dipion decay mode D(+)(sJ)(2457)-->D(+)(s)pi(+)pi(-) and determine their branching fractions. No corresponding decays are observed for the D(sJ)(2317) state. These results are consistent with the spin-parity assignments of 0(+) for the D(sJ)(2317) and 1(+) for the D(sJ)(2457).
Journal Article↗
A new computer-assisted method for measuring the tibio-femoral angle in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver variability in measuring the tibio-femoral angle using our new computer-assisted method, and to compare it with a conventional manual method. METHODS: Radiography of all patients of osteoarthritis of the knee in outpatient were performed with standing on both legs, and with conventional antero-posterior weight bearing view of the knee fully extended. Three examiners measured the tibio-femoral angle with the computerized method in 52 subjects with osteoarthritis (73 knees). The tibio-femoral angle was measured using a computer-assisted method in which the observer must visually determine and select eight points on the margins of the femur and tibia on a radiographic image displayed on a computer monitor. The inter- and intraobserver Intra-class correlation (ICC) was analyzed. RESULTS: The interobserver mean correlation of computer-assisted method was 0.970 with a mean difference of 0.38 degrees (S.D. 1.125 degrees). The intraobserver mean ICC of computer-assisted method was 0.973, with a mean difference of 0.16 degrees (S.D. 1.12 degrees). An analysis of the difference between conventional methods and our new system showed a mean ICC of 0.922, with an intersystem mean difference of 0.295 degrees (S.D. 1.82 degrees). CONCLUSION: Our computer-assisted method of measuring the tibio-femoral angle was simple, easy, and quick, and should be considered as an alternate method for measurement.
Adult↗
Monitoring of the generation of non-mutagenic benzoic acid compounds during the manufacture of erythrosine.
The generation of 2-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl) benzoic acid (DHBBA) and 2-(2',4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-diiodobenzoyl) benzoic acid (DHDIBBA) during the manufacture of erythrosine (Food Red No. 3) was examined. DHBBA is formed as an intermediate during the synthesis of fluorescein, and as fluorescein is produced, it is gradually consumed. However, under inappropriate reaction conditions, it remains in the resulting fluorescein at the termination of synthesis. DHDIBBA is easily obtained by the iodination of DHBBA. These compounds are also found when erythrosine is heated in excessive alkali. The results of the Ames test using DHBBA and DHDIBBA showed they did not possess mutagenic activity. The results clearly demonstrated that establishment of an upper limit for DHBBA and DHDIBBA is important in the quality control of fluorescein and erythrosine.
Benzoic Acid↗
A case of plasmacytic hyperplasia arising in a kidney allograft salvaged with immunosuppression reduction alone.
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a well-known complication of organ transplantation. Plasmacytic hyperplasia (PH) is thought of as the mildest form of PTLD; however, a graftectomy is necessary in most situations. We experienced an interesting case of PH arising in a kidney allograft, which could be relieved with a reduction in immunosuppression. A 27-year-old female underwent a living-related kidney transplantation. A 3-month non-episode protocol biopsy unexpectedly showed the devastating appearance of polymorphic plasma cell infiltration into the graft intersitium, compatible with PH. The PH was located in the graft by radiographic examinations. The infiltration of plasma cell disappeared completely on the 6-month graft biopsy specimen following immunosuppression reduction and the graft is functioning, although it was damaged by a subsequent acute rejection. Our present case indicates that some PTLD can be completely cured with a reduction in immunosuppression alone. The diagnostic modality for the evaluation of PTLD cell extinction is necessary to maintain graft function with adequate immunosuppression thereafter.
Adult↗
Leptin as an adjunct of insulin therapy in insulin-deficient diabetes.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic implication of leptin in insulin-deficient diabetes. METHODS: Insulin-deficient diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured. The effects on body weight, food intake, and hypothalamic gene expressions were analyzed. After diabetes was induced, graded doses of insulin ranging from 0.4 to 51.2 mU.g(-1).day(-1) were injected. Co-administration of leptin and insulin was also carried out using osmotic pumps. RESULTS: After STZ injection, both transgenic and non-transgenic littermates developed marked hyperglycaemia as a result of severe hypoinsulinaemia [termed diabetic transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin (diabetic TGM) and diabetic non-transgenic littermates (diabetic WT) respectively], although diabetic TGM were more sensitive to exogenously administered insulin than diabetic WT. Diabetic WT were hypoleptinaemic and hyperphagic relative to non-diabetic WT, whereas diabetic TGM, which remained hyperleptinaemic, were less hyperphagic than diabetic WT. After STZ injection, hypothalamic expressions of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptide mRNAs were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in diabetic WT, whereas they were unchanged in diabetic TGM. Diabetic TGM became normoglycaemic, when treated with insulin at such doses that did not improve hyperglycaemia in diabetic WT. We found that a sub-threshold dose of insulin that does not affect glucose homeostasis is effective in improving the diabetes in normal mice rendered diabetic by STZ injection, when combined with leptin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that leptin could be used as an adjunct of insulin therapy in insulin-deficient diabetes, thereby providing an insight into the therapeutic implication of leptin as an anti-diabetic agent.
Agouti-Related Protein↗
Nonlinear magneto-optical kerr rotation of an oxide superlattice with artificially broken symmetry.
Simultaneously broken time-reversal and spatial-inversion symmetries can be realized in the epitaxially grown oxide "tricolor" superlattices composed of three sequential kinds of perovskite layers including a ferromagnetic one (manganese oxide). As a generic feature of such a system, the magnetic-field-induced second-harmonic generation and the resultant Kerr rotation of second-harmonic light were demonstrated. The signal intensity probes the interface magnetization of the superlattice, where temperature variation is shown to be distinct from the bulk feature.
Journal Article↗
Measurement of positron production efficiency from a tungsten monocrystalline target using 4- and 8-GeV electrons.
Intense positron sources are being widely investigated for the next-generation linear colliders and B factories. A new method utilizing an axially oriented crystal as a positron-production target is one of the bright schemes, since it provides a powerful photon source through channeling and coherent bremsstrahlung processes when high-energy electrons penetrate the target. A series of positron-production experiments with tungsten crystals hit by 4- and 8-GeV single-bunch electron beams were carried out at the KEKB 8-GeV injector linac. Three tungsten crystals with different thicknesses (2.2, 5.3, and 9.0 mm) and those combined with amorphous tungsten plates were tested on a precise goniometer. The positron-production yields were measured with a magnetic spectrometer in the positron momentum (P(e(+))) range from 5 to 20 MeV/c. The angle of the <111> crystal axis with respect to the electron-beam direction was controlled by measuring the relative intensities of the produced positrons as a function of the rotational angle of the goniometer. The results show that the enhancements of the positron yield from crystal targets compared to amorphous targets of the same thickness at P(e(+))=20 MeV/c are from 1.5 to 3.7 and from 1.8 to 5.1, depending upon the target thickness for 4- and 8-GeV electrons, respectively.
Journal Article↗
IP-10 in atopic dermatitis.
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Biomarkers↗
Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese adults.
Strains of the bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans found in the human oral cavity are divided into five serotypes, a, b, c, d, and e. In this study, A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Porphyromonas gingivalis were isolated from 656 subgingival sites in systemically healthy Japanese adults. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 19.5% of 328 Japanese subjects, while 27.1% of subjects were positive for P. gingivalis. Of 75 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive sites, only one serotype was detected in 39 sites (52.0%). The numbers of sites in which two different serotypes and three different serotypes were detected were 18 (25.0%) and 7 (9.3%), respectively. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was detected more frequently in sites that were positive for both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans (76.9%) than in sites that were P. gingivalis-negative and A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive (33.9%). In addition, serotype c was detected much more frequently than the other serotypes (<16%) in sites that were positive for both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. These findings suggest that the characteristics of serotype c may differ from those of the other serotypes. This report is the first to use PCR to describe the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in humans and to examine the association between the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the presence of P. gingivalis.
Adult↗
Autologous serum eye drops for the treatment of severe dry eye in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease.
We investigated the efficacy and safety of autologous serum eye drops for the treatment of severe dry eye after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). A total of 14 patients (four males and 10 females; median age, 31.0 years) with severe dry eye associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) were enrolled in this study. All patients were refractory to treatment with conventional artificial tears. Autologous serum eye drops, a solution made of 20% autologous serum in sterile saline, were applied 10 times per eye per day. The patients were evaluated every 4 weeks according to visual acuity, corneal sensitivity, vital staining of the ocular surface, tear dynamics, and subjective assessments of symptoms (complaints scores). The median follow-up period was 19.4 months (range: 4-41 months). After 4 weeks of treatment, significant improvement was observed in both complaint scores (from 33.7+/-12.3 to 23.6+/-10.6 points; P<0.01) and fluorescein scores (from 5.8+/-2.0 to 2.4+/-0.9 points; P<0.005). Significant improvements were observed also in rose-bengal staining and tear break-up time. In seven of the 14 patients, the responses were maintained for 6-41 months (median:19.4+/-8.3 months), while six of the other seven patients required treatment with punctal plugs in addition to autologous serum eye drops. One of these other seven patients developed eczema around the eyelids, after which the treatment was discontinued. No serious adverse events were observed. We conclude that autologous serum eye drops are safe and effective for treating severe dry eye associated with cGVHD and that more efficient control of dry eye may be achieved by the combined use of autologous serum eye drops with punctal plugs.
Adult↗
Complete resolution of severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection by cultured, activated donor T lymphocyte infusion after nonmyeloablative stem cells allografting.
A patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was treated by allogeneic SCT from an HLA-identical sibling donor, using a nonmyeloablative regimen. Even on day 70, mixed chimerism remained together with a quite high viral load. On days 76 and 90, donor lymphocytes were infused after short-term culture with OKT3 plus recombinant IL-2. At 8 days after the last dose, all hematopoietic cells were shown to be donor-type dominant; thereafter, the viral load started to decrease and finally disappeared. Anti-mHA-specific CTLs were generated in vitro, which were shown to be effective in eradicate viral-infected recipient T lymphocytes.
Adult↗
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
To establish the most appropriate prophylactic therapy and risk factors for predicting hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after stem cell transplantation (SCT), we retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 450 transplant patients treated from 1982 to 2002. In all, 81 patients developed early- and/or late-onset HC (early=29, late=48, both=4). For the incidence of early-onset HC, administration of cyclophosphamide (CY) (p=0.0079, odds ratio (OD)=5.109, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.533-17.030), busulfan (BU) (p=0.0015, OD=3.336, 95% CI=1.584-7.027), BU+CY (p=0.0001, OD=4.369, 95% CI=2.055-9.292), antithymocyte globulin (p=0.0009, OD=3.368, 95% CI=1.642-6.911), nonradiation (p=0.0163, OD=2.564, 95% CI=0.181-0.841), 2-mercaptoethane sodium sulfonate (Mesna) (p=0.0001, OD=7.519, 95% CI=2.847-19.858), and bladder irrigation (p=0.0001, OD=4.950, 95% CI=2.328-10.523) were risk factors. By Fisher's exact test, the combination of BU and Mesna was a more significant risk factor (P<0.001) than Mesna alone (p=0.008) compared to the administration of neither agent. By multivariate analysis, prophylactic administration of Mesna (p=0.0105, OD=5.301, 95% CI=1.477-19.026) and bladder irrigation (p=0.0001, OD=9.469, 95% CI=3.872-23.156) were significant risk factors of early-onset HC. We conclude that (i). high-dose BU as well as CY is a cause of HC, (ii). protective bladder irrigation has an opposite effect, and (iii). Mesna possibly has a toxic effect on bladder mucosa.
Adolescent↗
Anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rodent models of leptin resistance.
OBJECTIVE: Obesity in rodents and humans is mostly associated with elevated plasma leptin concentrations, suggesting a new pathological concept of 'leptin resistance'. We have demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can improve obesity and diabetes of C57BL/KsJ db/db (db/db) mice. In this study, we investigated whether or not BDNF is effective in two different models of leptin resistance, an acquired model and a genetic model. DESIGN: C57BL/6J mice rendered obese by consumption of a high-fat diet (diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice) were used as an acquired model and lethal yellow agouti mice (KKA(y) mice) as a genetic model of leptin resistance. Food intake and glucose metabolism were studied after acute or repetitive administration of BDNF. RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of BDNF (10 mg/kg, twice/day) significantly reduced cumulative food intake of DIO and KKA(y) mice, whereas they were unresponsive to leptin administration. Repetitive subcutaneous administration of BDNF (10 mg/kg daily for 6 days) reduced food intake and improved impaired glucose tolerance in DIO mice. Pair feeding of vehicle-treated DIO mice with the same amount of chow consumed by the BDNF-treated group did not improve the impaired glucose homeostasis, indicating that the antidiabetic effect is not due to decreased food intake. We also observed that BDNF is effective in improving obesity and diabetes of KKA(y) mice. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of BDNF in two different models of leptin resistance, thereby suggesting the therapeutic potential of BDNF in the treatment of leptin-resistant obesity and diabetes.
Animals↗