Biomedical subjects

Y Oda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Oda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical study on choline acetyltransferase in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The authors developed a polyclonal antibody against a fusion protein containing 598 amino acids from a human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) cDNA and 12 amino acids derived from an expression vector, and examined immunohistochemical reactivity for ChAT in large motor neurons (30 microns and more in somal minimal diameter) of the lumbar spinal cords of four patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and of four control cases. In controls, the number of large neurons included in the tissue with a total thickness of 100 microns ranged from 74 to 105 (average 87). About 60-90% (average 80%) of the neurons were positively stained in their perikarya with an anti-human ChAT antibody. In the cases of ALS, the number of large motor neurons was greatly reduced (25-60, average 38). About 4-13% (average 8%) were positively stained. These results indicate that not only large neurons are reduced in number, but also their positivity for ChAT is decreased in the anterior horn of ALS spinal cord.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical study on collagenous proteins and biophysical analysis of crystals in extraskeletal chondroma.

The immunohistological distribution of collagen types I, II, III, and VI in five cases of extraskeletal chondroma was examined and compared with that in six cases of enchondroma. In addition, the composition of crystals deposited in three cases of extraskeletal chondroma were biophysically analyzed with special attention to the relationship between the collagen types of the matrix and the crystal deposition. In extraskeletal chondroma, immunoreactivity of type II collagen in the extracellular matrix and type VI collagen in the pericellular area, which were strongly and diffusely recognized in the normal hyaline cartilage and enchondroma, was diminished. Instead, additional types of collagen, types I and III, were demonstrated in the matrix. Electron roentgenographic microanalysis and infrared light spectroscopic analysis revealed that calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) was included in the crystals of extraskeletal chondroma. CPPD crystals were observed in/around collagen types I and III. The possible relationship between the difference of collagen composition in the matrix and the CPPD crystal deposition is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Electrophoretic karyotyping of the yeast genus Torulaspora.

Karyotypes of yeast strains in the genus Torulaspora were determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and compared with those of the related genus Zygosaccharomyces. The DNA bands ranged from 800 to 1600 kb in T. delbrueckii and 800 to 2000 kb in both T. globosa and T. pretoriensis and those numbers were about six in the three species. The chromosomes of Torulaspora strains comprised relatively smaller size of DNAs than Zygosaccharomyces strains.

DNA, Fungal↗

PubMed1995

Relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide and plasma volume during graded exercise with water immersion.

To assess the relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the reduction in plasma volume (PV) during exercise, we measured changes in PV and ANP in seven male volunteers during treadmill exercise in air (AE) and with water immersion (WE) together with time control studies of rest in air and in water. Blood samples were collected from a catheter in the antecubital vein at exercise intensities of 32, 49, 65, and 78% of peak oxygen consumption (VO2). Plasma ANP in AE increased significantly from the resting value [15 +/- 1 (SE) pg/ml] only at 78% of peak VO2 (29 +/- 5 pg/ml), whereas ANP in WE increased significantly at exercise levels of > 49% of peak VO2 and reached 68 +/- 9 pg/ml at 78% of peak VO2. Although PV in AE and WE decreased significantly with VO2 of > 49% of peak VO2 (P < 0.01), the decrease from the resting value in WE was significantly greater than that in AE of > 65% of peak VO2 (P < 0.01) and the decreases at 78% of peak VO2 were -9.7 +/- 0.8 and -6.1 +/- 1.7%, respectively. The difference in the decrease in PV between AE and WE at corresponding VO2 correlated strongly with that in the increase in ANP (r = -0.97; P < 0.01). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ANP may be involved in the fluid shift from the intra- to extravascular space during exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Long-term potentiation of glycinergic inhibitory synaptic transmission.

1. Tetanizing protocols were used to test whether glycinergic inhibition undergoes long-term plasticity in vivo. For this purpose we studied the inhibition evoked disynaptically in the teleost Mauthner (M) cell by stimulation of the posterior branch of the contralateral VIIIth nerve. The advantage of this experimental design is that the inhibition, which is mediated by identified second-order commissural interneurons, is not contaminated by parallel excitation. 2. The VIIIth-nerve-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), which are generated at the level of the soma, are depolarizing in Cl(-)-loaded M cells. After VIIIth nerve tetanization, these IPSPs exhibited potentiation lasting > 30 min in 23 of 31 cells. The maximum enhancement measured 5-10 min after the onset of the tetanization averaged 100 +/- 19% (mean +/- SE). In contrast, the non-"tetanized" collateral IPSP induced by antidromic stimulation of the M axon did not increase significantly suggesting synaptic specificity of the potentiation. 3. Single-electrode voltage-clamp studies of Cl(-)-loaded M cells indicated that this plasticity is due to an increased synaptic conductance that occurs without obvious modifications of the kinetics or voltage dependence of the inhibitory postsynaptic currents. 4. The synaptic conductance and its changes during potentiation were quantified by measuring the inhibitory shunt of the antidromic spike while recording with potassium-acetate-filled electrodes. For this purpose the ratio, r', of the inhibitory to resting membrane conductances, was calculated using the expression (V/V')--1, where V and V' are the amplitudes of the control and the test antidromic spikes, respectively. This ratio was called fractional conductance. Measured at the peak of the expected VIIIth-nerve-evoked IPSP, r' increased by 114 +/- 18% (n = 46). Again the collateral inhibitory conductance was not modified. 5. Because there are two synapses in the inhibitory pathway, it became important to determine whether modifications of the second-order inhibitory junctions contribute to the overall potentiation. Several experimental procedures were used for this purpose. 6. The input-output relationship at the inhibitory synapses was determined by comparing the size of the presynaptic volley and r'. The former was recorded intra- or extracellularly as a monophasic positive potential, the so-called extrinsic hyperpolarizing potential, which increases in parallel with the strength of VIIIth nerve stimulation. In 12 experiments where the presynaptic volley was unaffected by the tetanization, suggesting lack of involvement of the first relay, r' nevertheless increased in amplitude by 79 +/- 14%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Autoimmune endocrine disease induced by recombinant interferon-alpha therapy for chronic active type C hepatitis.

To elucidate the role played by interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune endocrine disease, we determined the autoantibody status, thyroid function test results, hemoglobin-A1c levels, and clinical symptoms of 58 patients who received IFN alpha for treatment of chronic active type C hepatitis. Each patient was treated for 6 months with a total dose of 391 +/- 140 x 10(6) U (mean +/- SD). Thyroid microsomal and/or thyroglobulin antibodies newly appeared or were increased in titer in 6 patients, 2 of whom developed hypothyroidism during IFN alpha therapy. Neither islet cell antibodies nor insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus developed during IFN alpha therapy, although hemoglobin-A1c levels were increased in 2 patients. One patient became positive for antimitochondrial antibodies, and another patient with preexisting antimitochondrial antibodies also manifested deterioration in liver function test results. Parietal cell antibodies and smooth muscle cell antibodies were the most frequent newly developed antibodies in 7 patients. Adrenal medullary cell antibodies and nuclear antibodies newly developed in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. At least 1 of 8 autoantibodies newly appeared in 19 patients (32.8%) and hypothyroidism developed in 2 patients (3.4%) during IFN alpha therapy. On the other hand, in 19 age- and sex-matched patients who did not receive IFN alpha, no autoantibody appeared, and no autoimmune disease developed during a follow-up period of 3 months. These findings suggest that IFN alpha acts as an immunomodulatory agent, inducing autoantibody production and the development of autoimmune disease in susceptible patients. Special attention should be paid to the development of hypothyroidism during IFN alpha therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Workload of women workers rearing their children, evaluated by catecholamine excretion, salivary cortisol and self-rated scores of fatigue].

The study was designed to examine the extent of the workload in female workers with children, in the office and at home, as compared with that of male workers with children and single women workers. Urine and saliva were collected during the daytime and evening on workdays and days off, and catecholamines in urine and cortisol in saliva were analyzed. Heart rate, blood pressure and frequencies of subjective fatigue symptoms were also measured. In the three groups, urinary excretion of adrenaline during daytime work was found to be significantly higher than on days off. The difference between workdays and days off in evening adrenaline excretion tended to be greater in the 'women with children' group than in their male counterparts. Urinary noradrenaline and salivary cortisol in women with children showed a tendency to be higher in the afternoon and evening on workdays than that on days off, while no difference between workdays and days off was observed in the other two groups. The heart rate in women with children was greater during the evening on workdays than that on days off. The frequency of subjective fatigue symptoms in women with children increased with the time of day on workdays, but remained unchanged on days off. The findings suggest that the workload of female workers rearing their children is greater than that of male counterparts, both in the office and at home, on workdays.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Cerebellar hemangioblastoma with intracystic hemorrhage--case report.

A 45-year-old male presented with sudden onset of severe headache, mild disorientation, and gait disturbance due to intracystic hemorrhage from a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. He was successfully treated with ventricular drainage followed by total removal of the tumor. Reported cases of intracranial hemangioblastoma with massive hemorrhage show male predominance, tend to be solid rather than cystic, and occur in supratentorial more than infratentorial locations. Thin-walled and dilated vessels in the present and other cases were a possible cause of hemorrhage. Massive hemorrhage from hemangioblastoma is rare but needs prompt treatment because of the relatively high mortality.

Capillaries↗

PubMed1995

A case of osteoporosis with bilateral defects in the mandibular processes.

We carried out a detailed total body examination of a 62-year-old woman with osteoporosis who had bilateral defects in the mandibular processes. It was inferred that the defects in both articular heads were caused by resorption of small bone fragments following fracture. The quantity of bone salt was determined by microdensitometry, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis was then established. An improved bite was obtained by treatment consisting of tooth extraction and the preparation of partial dentures.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1995

Changes in calcium distribution in the utricular supporting cells of the guinea pig.

Changes in calcium distribution in cultured utricular supporting cells following streptomycin sulfate (SM) intoxication were investigated by means of an organ culture system using potassium pyroantimonate (PA) precipitation. PA precipitation showed that calcium ions are located in the otoconia and in the secretory granules of the supporting cells. Exposure of the supporting cells to SM increased the number of lysosomes and reduced the secretory granules in the cytoplasm. These lysosomes had many granules containing calcium ion. It is suggested that calcium secretion from the secretory granules was inhibited by SM and that this might lead to reduction of otoconia.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Effect of streptomycin on the supporting cells of the utricular macula.

Morphological changes in utricular supporting cells in the guinea pig following streptomycin sulfate (SM) intoxication were investigated ultrastructurally in vitro, using an organ culture system. The intracellular structures of the supporting cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparati were well preserved after 7 days in culture. After 10 and 14 days in culture, the supporting cells degenerated. The organ culture system was applied to ototoxicity studies on the supporting cells in utricular macula within 7 days after explanation. When the utricles were exposed to 3, 10 and 30 mg/ml of SM for 3 days, the number of granules in the supporting cells decreased markedly and the number of lysosomes increased daily. The lysosomes contained mitochondria, myeloid bodies, granules and vesicles. Acid phosphatase (AcPase) activity decreased in Golgi apparati and lysosomes. When the concentration of SM was reduced to 3 and 10 mg/ml, the damage to the supporting cells was less marked than that in cells exposed to 30 mg/ml. The supporting cells showed a dose-dependent response with respect to morphological damage. After 3 days culture with 30 mg/ml of SM, the specimens were subsequently cultured for 4 days in a medium without SM. After removal of SM from the medium, lysosomes decreased in number, and the granules and the endoplasmic reticulum showed a gradual increase. The AcPase activity was determined in both lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. This study revealed that the morphological changes in the supporting cells can be reversible.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

Three-dimensional MRI reconstructions of musculoskeletal tumors. A preliminary evaluation of 2 cases.

We have developed a new method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors from MRI. Data from transverse images of T2-weighted images were transferred into a personal computer. The contours of tumors, major vessels, major nerves and bones were outlined, whereupon the 3D data were processed into a 3D display, using a solid model. The determination of tumor volume both before and after preoperative adjuvant therapy was quantified. The 3D images allowed a better understanding of the relationship between the tumor and the major vessels and nerves, thereby aiding in preoperative planning. The images also provided a quantitative, reproducible measurement of the effect of adjuvant therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Assessment of effects of intravenous dipyridamole on regional myocardial perfusion in children with Kawasaki disease without angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis using positron emission tomography and H2(15)O.

BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography and H2(15)O were used to characterize regional myocardial blood flow and distribution at rest and in response to dipyridamole in children with Kawasaki disease but without angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis. METHOD: Patients were classified into two groups on the basis of the results of selective coronary angiography: subjects in group I had normal coronary angiograms (n = 4): subjects in group II had aneurysms (n = 5). RESULTS: Myocardial perfusion, assessed with H2(15)O, was homogeneous over all regions at rest and at peak flow in groups I and II. Dipyridamole infusion significantly reduced myocardial perfusion reserve in group II (average 3.56 +/- 1.03 fold versus 5.06 +/- 1.37 fold in group I, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that aneurysms associated with Kawasaki disease may reduce myocardial reserve. Non-invasive quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow with positron emission tomography and H2(15)O was useful in assessing the functional capacity of coronary artery lesions and the extent of myocardial damage in children with Kawasaki disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Increased in vitro and in vivo tumoricidal activity of a macrophage cell line genetically engineered to express IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-6, or TNF-alpha.

Genetically engineered monocytes and macrophages may have potential as effector cells for the adoptive immunotherapy of cancer. As a first step, we have transfected the genes encoding either mouse interferon (IFN)-gamma, human interleukin (IL)-6, mouse IL-4, or mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha into the mouse macrophage cell line, J774A.1 cells using retroviral vectors. In vitro activation of J774A.1 cells by gene modification was assessed by morphological changes, proliferative activity was determined by [3H]-TdR uptake, and cytolytic activity was assessed using an 18-hour chromium-51 (51Cr) release assay. In vivo tumoricidal activity was studied by means of local adoptive immunotherapy using intratumoral injection of transfected effector cells. IFN-gamma gene-transfected J774A.1 [J7(IFN-gamma)] cells developed filamentous processes, increased doubling times, and enhanced tumoricidal activity against three tumor cell lines: the TNF-sensitive fibrosarcoma line WEHI 164 and the TNF-alpha-resistant cell lines B16 melanoma and C1300 neuroblastoma. IL-6-, TNF-alpha-, and IL-4-gene-transfected J774A.1 cells also had augmented tumoricidal activity but did not display any changes in morphology or growth. Cytolytic activity was markedly reduced after the addition of anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. Cytolytic J7(IFN-gamma) cells showed upregulated expression of TNF-alpha messenger RNA. After intratumoral injection of J7(IL-4) and J7(IFN-gamma) cell mixtures, 50% of established B16 melanomas were rejected by C57BL/6 mice, thereby demonstrating synergistic killing. Further studies on gene-transfected macrophages should better define their potential usefulness in tumor immunotherapy.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1995

[TSH-secreting fibrous pituitary adenoma showing calcification: a case report].

TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma with calcification and proliferation of the collagen fibers was presented. A 42-year-old man had shown general fatigue and thyroid hypertrophy caused by hyperthyroidism for 3 years. CT and MRI revealed pituitary adenoma with calcification extending into the cavernous sinus and sphenoid sinus. The patient was operated on using the transsphenoidal route twice, but the tumor was not able to be removed totally, partly due to the hardness of the tumor. The tumor in- and around the left cavernous sinus as well as the hardest part of the tumor itself due to the calcification could not be removed. Histopathological examination revealed chromophobe adenoma with proliferation of the collagen fibers. Immunohistological and electronmicroscopic examination demonstrated TSH-secreting adenoma. Postoperatively, thyroid function improved and the patient's symptoms due to hyperthyroidism disappeared.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗

PubMed1995

[Evaluation of 5-FU, leucovorin, etoposide, and cisplatin (FLEP) chemotherapy by hepatic artery injection in the treatment of multiple liver metastases from gastric cancer].

We performed FLEP chemotherapy (consisting of 5-FU, leucovorin, etoposide, and cisplatin) by hepatic artery injections for three patients with multiple liver metastases from gastric cancer, and two of three resulted in partial response (PR). We presented two PR cases. Case 1 is a 57-year-old male with multiple liver metastases from gastric cancer. Distal partial gastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomies were carried out, and an injection port was implanted in the hepatic artery. We performed FLEP chemotherapy from 16 days after the operation. Liver metastases subsided and resulted in PR after 3 months by CT scan. He is now healthy and working for 15 months after the operation. Case 2 was a 49-year-old female with multiple liver metastases from gastric cancer. Total gastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomies was carried out. We performed FLEP chemotherapy by hepatic artery injections from 21 days after the operation. The response of chemotherapy resulted in PR by CT scan, and she is now healthy and has been working for 11 months after the operation. Thus, this form of chemotherapy may be useful for patients with multiple liver metastases from gastric cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1995

[Chest pain in a patient after median sternotomy].

A 62-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of painful operative scar following median sternotomy performed for coronary artery bypass grafting at another hospital shortly after myocardial infarction. She had a 5-year history of diabetes mellitus, which had been controlled with diet therapy. There were no abnormalities in electrocardiographic or cardiac function. She complained of burning pain and marked tenderness bilaterally in the parasternal region. There were no abnormal laboratory findings. No fractures were detected in the ribs or sternum radiographically. Her chest pain was not alleviated by analgesics including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents or tricyclic antidepressants. Neither local anesthesia nor thoracic epidural anesthesia was effective in eliminating her pain. Slight relief was obtained by heating with infrared radiation, but the duration of pain relief was very short. This patient's findings indicate that painful operative scar should be considered as a potentially serious complication of surgery requiring median sternotomy.

Chest Pain↗

PubMed1995

The establishment and characterization of a peripheral neuroepithelioma cell line in soft tissue of extremity.

BACKGROUND: The histogenetic and biologic features of peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN) are still a matter of controversy. More detailed analyses might be facilitated by permanent PN cell lines. However, there have been only a few reports on the establishment of a PN cell line. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We established and characterized a PN cell line and further carried out experiments for potentiality of drug-induced neural differentiation. RESULTS: The cultured cells were spindle shaped with slender cytoplasmic processes. The histologic features of transplanted tumors in nude mice were essentially the same as those of the original tumor. Immunohistochemically, the neuroectodermal characteristics of the cell line were demonstrated by positive stain for neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, neurofilament, and beta 2-microglobulin. Ultrastructurally, microtubules and dense core granules were observed in the cultured cells. Northern blot analyses revealed that c-myc was overexpressed in the cell line, whereas N-myc was not. The cell line showed neural differentiation after treatment with cAMP elevating reagents and nerve growth factor (NGF). The synergistic effects of cAMP analog and NGF on the neurite outgrowth were also observed. Furthermore, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor strongly blocked the action of cAMP analog, although it was not able to inhibit the same action of NGF. These findings suggested that the neurite outgrowth induced by the cAMP analog requires activation of PKA, whereas the same actions of NGF do not mediate such a pathway involving PKA activation. CONCLUSIONS: This is, to our knowledge, the first NGF responsive cell line derived from PN. This cell line might be valuable for further investigations of signal transduction pathways induced by cAMP analogs and NGF, for more precise analyses of the biological characteristics of PN, and finally, for the identification of differences between PN and several related tumors.

Adult↗