Fisher's syndrome, anti-GQ1b antibody, and HLA-B39 antigen.
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Autoantibodies↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Obara
Publications and source records attributed to Y Obara.
Unilateral congenital mydriasis.
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Child, Preschool↗
[Distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 genomes in the human spinal ganglia].
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is well known for its propensity to cause recurrent oral or genital mucosal infections in humans. HSV-1 is involved primarily in oral lesions, whereas HSV-2 is more frequently involved in genital lesions. Based on this, it is thought that HSV-1 may produce latent infections in trigeminal ganglia, and HSV-2 in the sacral ganglia. However the distribution pattern of latent HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in spinal ganglia remains unknown. Using the polymerase chain reaction we detected latent herpes HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human spinal ganglia obtained from autopsy material. A pair of primers which were specific for a part of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA polymerase domain were employed. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNAs were detected in 11 of 40 (28%) and 15 of 40 (38%) cervical ganglia, respectively, 52 of 103 (50%) and 47 of 103 (46%) thoracic ganglia, 16 of 53 (30%) and 17 of 53 (32%) lumbar ganglia, and 3 of 20 (15%) and 3 of 20 (15%) sacral ganglia. These findings suggest that latent HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections have a widespread distribution from the cervical ganglia to sacral ganglia. Importantly this study demonstrated latent HSV-1 infection of both the lumbar and sacral ganglia for the first time.
Adult↗
Pterygium surgery using the principle of contact inhibition and a limbal transplanted pedicle conjunctival strip.
We have devised a new type of pterygium surgery, based on the principle of biological contact inhibition, involving the use of a 0.5-millimeter-wide pedicle autoconjunctival strip placed at the corneal limbus. Over a period of 2 years, the procedure has been performed in 56 eyes of 52 patients, 39 to 74 years old (mean, 57 +/- 9 years), with primary pterygium. After an average follow up of 34 +/- 6 months (range, 20 to 40 months), the pterygium recurred in six (10.7%) of the 56 eyes. There were no other significant postoperative complications. Although our method has the disadvantages of being somewhat complicated and involving a fair amount of suturing, the relatively low rate of recurrence achieved is encouraging.
Adult↗
[The lipoproteins in human diabetic cataract].
Four kinds of lipoproteins contained in human diabetic cataract lens were separated by of sequential flotation in an ultracentrifuge, and the quantities of each were determined by selective precipitation. Chylomicron, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were separated from cataract lenses as lipoprotein fractions, and quantified. Chylomicron was present in the largest quantity among the four. There was no significant difference between the total amount of lipoprotein contained in diabetic cataract lenses (96.95 +/- 4.03 micrograms/lens) and that in senile cataract lenses (89.51 +/- 8.35 micrograms/lens). The quantities of VLDL and LDL, however, were significantly larger in diabetic cataract lenses (14.84 +/- 0.55 and 20.97 +/- 0.58 micrograms/lens, respectively) than in senile cataract lenses (6.30 +/- 0.46 and 7.45 +/- 0.61 micrograms/lens, respectively). We demonstrated histologically that LDL receptors are localized on the lens epithelium and its underlying layer.
Aged↗
The effects of feeding regimen and dietary sucrose supplementation on natural abundance of 15N in some components of ruminal fluid and plasma of sheep.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of changes in ruminal conditions arising from feeding and sucrose supplementation to the diet on the natural abundance of 15N (delta 15N value) of some biological components and of feces and urine in sheep. Four wethers fitted with ruminal fistulas were fed on alfalfa hay cubes with or without sucrose either 2 or 12 times daily. With twice-daily feeding, the delta 15N values of ruminal ammonia and plasma urea decreased after feeding, whereas only small changes were observed throughout the sampling period with 12 times daily feeding. With 12 times daily feeding with and without sucrose, the delta 15N values of ruminal ammonia were higher (P < .05) than those of the diet and plasma urea. The delta 15N values of ruminal bacteria were lower (P < .05) than those of ruminal ammonia but higher (P < .05) than those of the diet. The delta 15N values for feces were higher (P < .05) than those of the diet, and no differences (P > .25) were observed between the delta 15N values of urine and those of the diet. Dietary sucrose supplementation lowered (P < .05) the delta 15N values of ruminal ammonia but had no effect (P > .10) on values for ruminal bacteria and plasma urea. Nitrogen excretion in urine was decreased (P < .05) by sucrose supplementation to the diet, but the delta 15N value of urine showed no effect (P > .25) of sucrose addition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ammonia↗
Case-control study of senile cataract in Japan: a preliminary report.
A hospital-based case-control study of senile cataract was conducted in Japan from 1988 to 1990. Two hundred and twelve patients with senile cataract and 212 control subjects with the same age-sex distribution were interviewed and given an ophthalmological examination. Both groups were randomly selected outpatients from 9 hospitals. Associations between senile cataract and four groups of variables, factors regarded as risks, life style habits, general aging indices or other factors were analyzed, and the data was subjected to statistical analysis. An increased risk of cataract was found in males who were presently spending 7 hours or more outside daily (Odds ratio = 5.07) and in females with 4 or fewer remaining teeth (Odds ratio = 2.03). The findings from this study suggest that there may be a sex-related host sensitivity or life style which is predisposing to the development of senile cataract.
Adult↗
[Convergence-retraction nystagmus associated with vascular disorders of the brainstem].
We report two cases of convergence-retraction nystagmus due to cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed a small area of abnormal signal in the thalamo-mesencephalic junction in each patient. This lesion appeared to include the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (rostral iMLF). The precise oculography of nystagmus in these patients demonstrated the fast adductive movements and slow exponential tract of abduction. The velocity of the fast phase was equal to or less than that of ordinary saccadic eye movements. The time constant of the slow phase was about 0.3 second. These characteristics are identical to those of pineal tumor cases.
Adolescent↗
Effects of long-term medication for essential hypertension on cardiac hypertrophy and function.
The effects of long-term treatment of hypertensive patients with alacepril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) on cardiac mass and function were investigated. A total of 12 patients was examined. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced by treatment with alacepril for 1 year. Left ventricular mass, as estimated by echocardiography, was significantly decreased by alacepril treatment, although electrocardiographic and chest x-ray findings were not significantly altered. Cardiac pump function, which was also assessed by echocardiography, was not changed. These results indicate that long-term treatment of hypertension with alacepril induces regression of cardiac hypertrophy without any change in cardiac contractile function.
Adult↗
[A study on auditory disturbances after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm].
After establishing an operation of microvascular decompression by Jannetta in 1975, an improvement rate of hemifacial spasm have increased. However, postoperative hearing deficits, equilibrium disturbances and facial paresis have been described in some publications. Fifty-seven of 119 patients with hemifacial spasm operated from 1982 to 1989, were examined by audiometry before and after operation. In patients with tinnitus at the time of facial spasm and closing eyelids, tinnitus improved almost in many cases. Of 57 patients, 8 (5 with sensorineural hearing loss, 3 with conductive hearing loss) had postoperative hearing impairments in operated ears, and 7 (7 with sensorineural hearing loss) had in the other ears, too. Of 7 patients having sensorineural hearing loss observed for several months, 4 having slight sensorineural hearing loss recovered at the same hearing level before operation. In 2 patients having profound sensorineural hearing loss, however, hearing improvement did not observed in each case.
Adult↗
[The biochemical study in the nucleus opacification of the senile cataractous lens].
The lens nucleus has various colors, sizes and hardness. It is of significance to investigate the components of the nucleus and the factors participating in the mechanism of development of cataract. Recently, the author demonstrated that free lipid in cataract does not undergo quantitative change, compared with that in the normal lens but that the cholesterol and phospholipid in the nucleus and cortex increase in the urea-soluble protein fraction. An assay of lipid-protein complex (lipoprotein) was made and also quantitative changes were studied using nucleus with different colors in senile cataract. The study was made by the technique developed by the author because no other experimental procedure has been established for lipoprotein in the tissue. Chylomicron, VLDL, LDL and HDL were identified in lipoprotein. The amount of lipoprotein decreased as the color of the nucleus became dense, but only HDL among these increased. The catabolism of lipoprotein advanced when the color of nucleus changed from light yellow to brown, suggesting that disorder in mass transfer is caused.
Aged↗
Chromosome banding analysis of a new stemline of hypodiploid Hirosaki sarcoma established by single cell transplantation.
A new hypodiploid stemline of the long-lasting ascites sarcoma, Hirosaki sarcoma (HS), was established by means of single-cell transplantation, and its G-, C- and NOR-banding patterns were compared with those of the predecessor stemline, with special notice taken of the structural alteration of marker chromosomes. Their chromosomal relationship was well explained by the rearrangement, t(M7pM8q): Translocation of the short arm of marker M7 to the NOR of marker M8 produced a new marker M8t, and the translocation-carrying variant cells grew into a subline. A new translocation-carrying stemline was formed from this subline by single-cell transplantation. Judging from the size and number of silver-positive NORs, the NOR activity was significantly higher in this stemline than in its predecessor. The increased NOR activity might have been partly responsible for the growth of a translocation-carrying variant cell into a new subline. Single-cell-mass transplantation may be one of the most effective systems for studying the proliferative ability of subline cells and for understanding the mechanism of stemline formation in transplantable rat ascites sarcomas.
Animals↗
Effects of ultraviolet B irradiation on lenticular riboflavin metabolism and high-molecular-weight-protein aggregation.
We investigated the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on the formation of ester forms of riboflavin and of high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein aggregates and on lenticular riboflavin-binding capacity (LRBC). Esterification of riboflavin decreased as the duration of UV irradiation increased, suggesting the irradiation-induced denaturation of the apoenzyme of synthetases of ester forms of riboflavin. UVB irradiation of lens homogenate supplemented with riboflavin increased LRBC and the formation of HMW protein aggregates, while gamma-crystallin was decreased. These results are consistent with those of our earlier studies in which we obtained data suggesting that, upon exposure of rat lens homogenate to fluorescent light, photosensitized riboflavin may bring about cross-linking of lens protein. Our data demonstrate that the photosensitivity of lenticular riboflavin is increased by longer periods of UV irradiation.
Animals↗
Classification system for cataracts. Application by the Japanese Cooperative Cataract Epidemiology Study Group.
A cataract classification and grading system for the main purpose of cataract epidemiological studies is proposed by the Japanese Cooperative Cataract Epidemiology Study Group. Cataractous types are classified principally into cortical, nuclear and subcapsular opacities. Stages of cataract advancement are classified into grade I (early stage), grade II (moderate stage) and grade III (advanced stage). Regarding cortical opacities an opacified area obtained from red-reflex images is utilized for grading judgment. Nuclear opacity grading is based on the intensity of scattering at the nucleus. Grading of subcapsular opacities is judged from their extension in the three different pupillary areas. To help grading judgments, standard pictures of cortical and nuclear cataracts are provided. Gradings of lens coloration are divided into pale yellow (grade I), yellow (II), brownish yellow (III) and brown including reddish and black brown (IV). A recording chart is also provided.
Adult↗
[A cataract classification and grading system].
A cataract classification and grading system developed for cataract epidemiological survey was introduced. Cataractous opacities were classified into cortical, nuclear and subcapsular types. Gradings of cataract progression were divided into early (Grade I), moderate (II) and advanced (III) stages. The grading of cortical opacity was judged by the opaque area in a maximally dilated pupillary zone of which findings were obtained from a red-reflex image. The grading of nuclear opacity was judged from the intensity of scattering light at the nucleus. Three grading steps were based on the densitometrical analysis of photographed images. Subcapsular opacities were classified into three gradings by extensions up to the normal, moderately dilated and maximally dilated pupil size. Regarding cortical and unclear cataracts, standard images indicating border findings between Grades I and II and Grades II and III were provided to help with classification. Nuclear coloration was classified into pale yellow, yellow, brownish yellow and brown including reddish brown and black brown. To document cataractous findings, a recording chart was made.
Cataract↗
[Isolation of viridans streptococci from the lesions of periodontal diseases].
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Humans↗
Riboflavin metabolism in the optic nerve of albino rabbit.
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Animals↗
Amino acid synthesis from ornithine: enzymes and quantitative comparison in brain slices and detached retinas from rats and chicks.
The regional distribution of proline biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine-delta-aminotransferase and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, in the rat brain, and basic conditions for proline synthesis from ornithine in rat and chicken brain slices and chicken retinas were investigated. The cerebral regions relating to memory formation and imprinting (cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus) exhibited a high activity of ornithine-delta-aminotransferase, while delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity was ubiquitously high. Amino acids were determined fluorometrically after separation and reaction with o-phthaldialdehyde by high-performance liquid chromatography. Proline formation was both ornithine- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent, and the proline level was suppressed by a high-potassium medium in the brain slices but not in the detached retinas. Its main precursor in vitro seemed to be ornithine but not arginine. The retinas from formoguanamine (2,4-diamino-S-triazine)-treated chicks showed a 10-fold higher level of proline and a marked decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid, presumably due to an impairment of the blood-retina barrier. The different response in proline level to the high-potassium medium in the brain slices and detached neuroretinas suggests that cellular distribution of the enzymes relating to ornithine and proline metabolism is different in the brain and the neuroretina.
Amino Acids↗