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Biomedical subjects

Y Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Noguchi.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Influence of sepsis and endotoxemia on polyamine metabolism in mucosa of small intestine in rats.

We examined the influence of sepsis and endotoxemia in rats on the biosynthesis of polyamines in small-intestinal mucosa. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); control rats were sham-operated. In other experiments, rats were treated with two subcutaneous injections of endotoxin (1 mg/kg) or corresponding injections of sterile saline. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activities and concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were measured in jejunal mucosa at intervals during 16 hours. Sepsis stimulated ODC and SAMDC activities and increased putrescine and spermidine concentrations in jejunal mucosa. Injection of endotoxin resulted in metabolic changes similar to those observed following CLP. The results suggest that sepsis and endotoxemia stimulate polyamine biosynthesis in mucosa of small intestine. The role of polyamines in the regulation of cell proliferation and metabolic changes in the intestinal mucosa during sepsis remains to be determined.

Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase↗
PubMed1996

Alterations in DNA proliferation in gastric stump mucosa with special reference to topography.

BACKGROUND: Gastric stump carcinoma occurs more frequently at the anastomotic site than at other areas of the gastric remnant. This study was conducted to determine whether alterations in cell dynamics could be detected in the normal-looking gastric remnant mucosa and to ascertain any difference in cell dynamics between the anastomotic site and other area. METHODS: Sixty-three patients who underwent curative subtotal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma were examined 8 to 130 months after operation. Mucosa at the anastomotic site and at the greater curvature were endoscopically biopsied. Cell dynamic changes were examined by flow cytometry, bromodeoxyuridine in vitro labeling, and oncogene (K-ras and c-myc) amplification and translocation by Southern blot analyses. RESULTS: Inflammatory changes were observed in more than 60% of the cases both at the anastomotic site and at the greater curvature both macroscopically and microscopically. Blood flow, measured by laser Doppler flowmeter, was significantly decreased at the anastomotic site compared with the greater curvature (25.0 +/- 8.1 and 32.2 +/- 9.4 mg/min/100 mg tissue, respectively; p < 0.05). Analysis of DNA histograms obtained by flow cytometry revealed a small peak at the right shoulder of 2N peak in 33% of the specimens obtained from the anastomosis site and in 15% of those from the greater curvature (p < 0.05). The number of cells at S phase measured by bromodeoxyuridine in vitro labeling was also significantly greater at the anastomotic site than at the greater curvature. None of the five patients with aneuploid DNA histograms at the anastomotic site had detectable amplification or translocation of K-ras or c-myc gene in mucosal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: More marked changes in the mucosal cell dynamics observed at the anastomotic site may partially explain the higher incidence of gastric stump carcinoma at the anastomotic site.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistochemical localization of facilitated-diffusion glucose transporters in rat pancreatic islets.

The subcellular localization of five isoforms of facilitated-diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs), from GLUT1 to GLUT5, in rat pancreatic islets was studied by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antisera against mouse or rat GLUT peptides. Animals were perfusion-fixed with phosphate-buffered 4% paraformaldehyde and the pancreases were removed. Some specimens were embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned, and immunostained for glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and the GLUTs for light microscopic observation. Others were prepared for immunoelectron microscopy by the post-embedding method. By these methods, GLUT2 immunostaining was observed on the lateral membranes of pancreatic beta-cells, whereas GLUT3 immunoreaction was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of beta-cells and was not found in alpha-cells. In contrast, GLUT5 immunostaining was preferentially localized in the cytoplasm of alpha-cells compared to that of beta-cells. However, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were either barely or not at all detectable in any cells. These results suggest that rat islets take up glucose by at least three different processes and that blood glucose levels could be modulated differentially by: a high Km glucose transporter, GLUT2, in beta-cells; by a low Km glucose transporter, GLUT3, in beta-cells; and by a low Km glucose transporter, GLUT5, in alpha-cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Localization of HIV-1 in human thymic implant in SCID-hu mice after intravenous inoculation.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally localized in human thymus implants in SCID-hu mice 3 weeks after intravenous (i.v.) inoculation of the virus. A viral antigen (gp120) was predominantly distributed in and around the epithelial cells in Hassall's corpuscles as demonstrated by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Occasional solitary round cells positive for the viral antigen but negative for cytokeratin were detected in the perivascular areas. Ultrastructural examinations clearly revealed a number of mature viral particles in the intercellular spaces of the Hassall's corpuscles. Thus the present study indicates the possibility that thymic epithelial cells in Hassall's corpuscles act as a target and/or reservoir in an early stage of HIV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of the hypotensive and hypoglycaemic actions of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, an AT1a antagonist and troglitazone.

OBJECTIVE: To define the relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and attenuation of hypertension. METHODS: We investigated whether troglitazone (CS-045, an insulin sensitizer) has an antihypertensive effect in fructose (FRU)-fed Wistar rats with insulin resistance and simultaneously compared its hypotensive efficacy with those of alacepril (ALA, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and TCV-116 (an AT1a receptor antagonist). Male rats aged 8 weeks were divided into five groups: controls fed normal chow, a FRU group fed FRU-rich (55%) chow, a FRU plus ALA group fed 30 mg/kg ALA per day, a FRU plus TCV-116 group fed 1 mg/kg TCV-116 per day and a FRU plus CS-045 group fed 70 mg/kg CS-045 per day). After 8 weeks, the body weight and systolic blood pressure were recorded and glucose tolerance was determined by glucose loading (2 g/kg, intraperitoneally) and a steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) method. The plasma membrane glucose transporter 4 content in gastrocneumius muscle was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: FRU increased blood pressure from 125 mmHg in controls to 141 mmHg (P < 0.01). ALA and TCV-116 administration decreased blood pressure to 111 and 107 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.01). CS-045 administration lowered blood pressure significantly to 121 mmHg. Area under the curve levels for plasma insulin during glucose loading increased from 1.7 in controls to 3.6 ng/ml x h in FRU-fed rats, but were lowered by the three drugs. SSPG levels increased from 12.5 in controls to 18.3 mmol/l in FRU-fed rats (P < 0.01), but were decreased by ALA and TCV-116 administration (P < 0.01). CS-045 administration also lowered SSPG levels to 15.3 mmol/l (P < 0.05). FRU-feeding induced a 1.24-fold increase in plasma membrane glucose transporter 4, which was not affected by ALA and TCV-116 administration, but was augmented 1.82-fold by CS-045 administration. Furthermore, the increased triglyceride level after FRU was diminished both by ALA and by CS-045 administration. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, in the insulin-resistant state, troglitazone, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and an AT1a receptor antagonist show comparable hypotensive and hypoglycaemic effects.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Sepsis increases putrescine concentration and protein synthesis in mucosa of small intestine in rats.

Recent studies suggest that sepsis stimulates mucosal polyamine and protein synthesis. It is not known in which cell type polyamine biosynthesis is increased during sepsis and if polyamines regulate mucosal protein synthesis. We examined the effect of sepsis in rats on polyamine biosynthesis in isolated jejunal enterocytes and measured mucosal protein synthesis following inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity with difluoromethylornithine. ODC and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activities and putrescine concentrations were increased in isolated jejunal enterocytes 16 h after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. Enterocyte spermidine and spermine levels were not influenced by sepsis. Mucosal ODC and SAMDC activities and polyamine levels were increased following treatment of rats with interleukin-1 but not tumor necrosis factor. Treatment of rats with difluoromethylornithine prevented the sepsis-induced increase in mucosal ODC activity, putrescine concentration, and protein synthesis rate. The results suggest that sepsis increases ODC and SAMDC activities and putrescine concentrations in enterocytes of the small intestine. This metabolic response to sepsis may be regulated by interleukin-1 although other mechanisms may also be involved. Increased mucosal protein synthesis during sepsis may at least in part be regulated by increased putrescine levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum.

A mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum are reported. There have only been 11 prior case reports of the familial occurrence of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the absence of extracranial malformations. Most of these reports have described familial occurrence among siblings. The present communication is only the second description of a parent and child with agenesis of the corpus callosum. A review of the published cases of familial syndrome unrelated agenesis of the corpus callosum indicates that both mental, developmental and neurologic disorders in cases involving parent and child are milder than those in cases involving siblings. Of additional interest, electroencephalography performed in this patient during sleep, frequently revealed bilateral asynchronous sleep spindles, supporting the hypothesis of previous investigators that the synchronicity of sleep spindles requires intact intercerebral commissures.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1996

Translatability of family concepts into the Japanese culture: using the Family Environment Scale.

Family concepts and their measurements interest many family researchers. There is a question about the extent to which family concepts are universal or influenced by the culture in which the instrument originated. Using the Family Environment Scale (FES), the authors examine the translatability of family concepts into the Japanese culture. Forward- and back-translation processes and cross-cultural assessment of reliability and validity are discussed. We suggest that there may be different degrees of translatability for each of the family concepts used in the FES and that evaluation of families in different societies necessitates culturally appropriate constructs and instruments. The discussion is built around Japanese data, which are compared to the American results.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1996

Oxidative modification of a cephalosporin C acylase from Pseudomonas strain N176 and site-directed mutagenesis of the gene.

A cephalosporanic acid acylase from Pseudomonas strain N176 catalyzes hydrolysis of both glutarylcephalosporanic acid and cephalosporin C to 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid. Chemical modification of the enzyme with acidic hydrogen peroxide was performed to investigate residues which play important roles in enzymatic activity. The activity of the enzyme was reduced to 76% of the original by oxidation. From protein chemical analysis combined with site-directed point mutagenesis, modification of Met-164 was found to correspond to the reduction in activity. To study the effect of Met-164 on the enzymatic character, we prepared mutant acylases in which Met-164 was replaced with several other amino acids and obtained the following data: (i) there existed a trend of mutation to noncharged hydrophilic residues, resulting in an increase of activity against glutarylcephalosporanic acid; (ii) the mutation of Met-164 to Gly and Ala resulted in the lowering of both Km values and the optimal pHs against glutarylcephalosporanic acid; (iii) the mutation to Leu enhanced cephalosporin C acylase activity; and (iv) the mutation to Gln improved the k(cat) value for glutarylcephalosporanic acid. In particular, the mutation to Gln resulted in a high rate of conversion of glutarylcephalosporanic acid to 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid under conditions similar to those of a bioreactor system. These results may indicate that Met-164 is located in or near the cephalosporin compound binding pocket on the enzyme.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1996

Genome analysis of adenovirus type 3 isolated in Japan.

Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) isolates, isolated from 45 patients with acute conjunctivitis during the year 1990 in Japan, were studied by DNA restriction enzyme analysis with restriction endonucleases recognizing 6-bp sequences (BamHI, SmaI, HindIII, BglII) and endonucleases recognizing 5- or 4-bp sequences (HinfI and TaqI). All 45 isolates of Ad3 were identified as the genome type Ad3f by six endonucleases. They were further classified into three varieties by HinfI, varieties H1 (87.5%), H2 (8.9%), and H3 (2.2%), and into five varieties by TaqI, varieties T1 (75.6%), T2 (13.3%), T3 (2.2%), T4 (4.5%), and T5 (8.9%). The use of HinfI and TaqI was sufficient to distinguish six subgenome types: types Ad3fH1T1, Ad3fH1T2, Ad3fH1T4, Ad3fH1T5, Ad3fH2T1, and Ad3fH3T3. Among them, Ad3fH1T1 was predominant in areas where the virus is epidemic. The study showed that the same Ad3 genome type, genome type Ad3f, caused acute viral conjunctivitis even in different areas in Japan. The source and the route of infection were suggested to be common in areas where the virus is epidemic.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1996

[Assessment of cochlear functions of patients with acoustic neuromas].

Electrocochleographic cochlear microphonics (ECochG-CM) and Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (EOAE) were recorded for 17 patients with acoustic neuromas to assess their cochlear functions. ECochG-CM was recorded by a transtympanic needle electrode technique. The acoustic stimuli of EOAE were short tone bursts and thresholds of detection of the slow components were determined. In 13 of the 17 patients, elevated detection thresholds of ECochG-CM and/or abnormal interaural differences in detection thresholds of the slow components of EOAE were observed. The patients with hearing loss and an elevated thresholds of CM were believed to have cochlear impairments. Those with hearing loss and a relatively low detection threshold of CM were thought to have cochlear nerve damage and a smaller degree of cochlear impairment. The correlation of ECochG-CM and EAOE was 0.799. Both ECochG-CM and EOAE were useful in evaluating the cochlear functions of patients with acoustic neuromas. Although EOAE was easier to apply clinically, ECochG was indispensable when detailed examinations of cochlear functions were necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lysosomal glycolipid storage in the renal tubular epithelium in mastomys (Praomys coucha).

The renal proximal tubular epithelium of MCC strain of mastomys (Praomys coucha) exhibited a number of cytoplasmic vacuoles after conventional paraffin-embedding procedures. These vacuoles were strongly PAS-positive in cryostat sections. Ultra-structurally, they were double membrane-bound structures filled with myelin figures and acid phosphatase-positive electron-dense matrix. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that these structures contained GM2 ganglioside. Other tissues or organs were histologically normal. Mating experiments indicated that the ganglioside storage in MCC mastomys is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Pulmonary artery banding using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture].

Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is essential for infants of complicated cardiac anomaly without pulmonary stenosis, especially those who require future Fontan type correction. In order to avoid pulmonary artery branch stenosis or uneven growth we utilize expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE) suture (Gore-Tex suture, CV-0) as a banding material. We performed three PABs (two newborns and one infant) with this suture. All children were doing well after the banding and no one revealed residual pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary artery distortion in the postoperative catheter study. One patient successfully underwent total cavopulmonary connection eight months after PAB. We believe E-PTFE suture is an advantageous material of PAB for newborns and young infants.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Two cases of Aspergillus endocarditis after cardiac surgery in childhood].

Aspergillus endocarditis has been considered as a fatal disease because of the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Two cases of Aspergillus endocarditis after congenital cardiac surgery are reported. One case was 5-year-old boy after patch closure of atrial septal defect and enlargement of porcine-pericardial patch to pulmonary arterial stenosis. Pulmonary arterial patch infection with vegetation occurred 13 months after operation, and he underwent pulmonary arterial reconstruction with E-PTFE patch after complete removal of porcine-pericardial patch. The other case was 5 year-old girl after repair of tetralogy of Fallot with autologus pericardial monocusp patch. Right ventricular outflow patch infection and mediastinitis occurred 14 months after operation. Although three times of the patch exchange, patch infection relapsed. Therefore, she underwent thorough curettage of infected tissue, and extra-anatomical bypass to bilateral pulmonary artery from right ventricle with E-PTFE Y-graft. The relapse of endocarditis has not been recognized after these surgical treatments in both patients.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1996

[A case of Aicardi syndrome: neurophysiological investigation].

A Japanese girl developed tonic spasms in series at two months after birth. When she was admitted at 4 months, she had generalized muscle hypotonia and could not control her head. She had atotal agenesis of the corpus callosum on MRI, reticulo-lacunitis revealed by ophthalmologic examination, and hypsarrhythmia in EEG. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials and flash-visual evoked potentials exhibited abnormally asymmetrical findings. The cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials were not elicited on admission, but some components became to be recognized on median nerve stimulation in accordance with improvement of EEG findings after various therapeutic trials. We concluded that these neurophysiological examinations were useful to investigate the abnormal lesions of the central nervous system in patients with Aicardi syndrome.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1996

[Distribution of EIA reactive values and serum antibody titers of Chlamydia trachomatis urethritis and cervicitis at the first visit].

Among 120 non-gonococcal male urethritis, 83 were found to be Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) positive by Chlamydiazyme with 2 to 5 times repeated urethral swab collection during pre-treatment period. Among 97 female partner of male CT urethritis, 76 were CT positive by the same repeated specimen collection from cervix. In the 83 male CT urethritis and the 76 female CT cervicitis, EIA reactive values by Chlamydiazyme and serum CT antibody titer by FA at the first visit were investigated. The EIA reactive values of cervicitis were lower than those of urethritis. There was no case of "CT negative at the first visit and positive at repeated detection" in male urethritis. 3 case of "CT negative at the first visit and CT positive at repeated detection" were experienced among females who were the partner of male CT urethritis. The sensitivity of Chlamydiazyme was found to be enough to decide presence or absence of CT by single specimen collection in male urethritis but not enough in female cervicitis. It could be assumed that by the improved sensitivity of CT detection, CT detection rate would be raised among female cervicitis but not in male urethritis. Positive rate CT serum antibody were 63.9% in male urethritis and 100% in female cervicitis. The clinical value of CT antibody detection might be not as detection method of CT infection in progress, but as non-invasive screening for CT infection up to the present, namely the risk factor of STD, especially in females in whom detection of CT is not complete.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗