Jugular venous oxygen saturation (Sjo2) monitoring in a patient with fulminant hepatic failure.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Noda
Publications and source records attributed to Y Noda.
Reduction of regional cerebral oxygen saturation coincidental with a perioperative focal motor seizure.
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Journal Article↗
Diagnosis of the depth of invasion of gallbladder carcinoma by EUS.
BACKGROUND: The prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma is dismal and relates to the depth of invasion as expressed by the T factor in TNM staging. We evaluated the utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of the depth of invasion of gallbladder cancer. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients who underwent both EUS and surgery were included in this study. The EUS images were classified according to the relation between tumor echo pattern and gallbladder-wall structure, and the resulting types were compared with depth of invasion as determined histologically. Based on the results, a set of diagnostic criteria is proposed. RESULTS: The EUS images were classified into four categories. Type A is a pedunculated mass with a fine-nodular surface and intact neighboring wall. Type B is a broad-based mass with an irregular surface and intact outer hyperechoic layer of the adjacent wall. In type C, the outer hyperechoic layer is irregular due to a mass echo, whereas, in type D, the outer hyperechoic layer is disrupted by a mass echo. Each of the four categories of EUS images correlated well with the histologic depth of invasion. CONCLUSION: EUS is useful in the T staging of gallbladder cancer.
Adult↗
Automated electron spin resonance free radical detector assays for antioxidant activity in natural extracts.
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Antioxidants↗
Involvement of the serotonergic neuronal system in phencyclidine-induced place aversion in rats.
The possible involvement of the serotonergic neuronal system in aversive motivation produced by phencyclidine [1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine; PCP] was investigated using a place-conditioning paradigm in rats. PCP (4 mg/kg, i.p.) produced place aversion in this task as reported previously (Kitaichi K, Noda Y, Hasegawa T, Furukawa H, Nabeshima T. Acute phencyclidine induces aversion, but repeated phencyclidine induces preference in the place conditioning test in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;318:7-9). The blockade of serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptors using the antagonist ritanserin (3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly attenuated this aversive property of PCP whereas lesions of serotonergic neurons using 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 100 microg/animal, i.c.v.) failed to affect it. Repeated PCP treatment (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days), which is enough to diminish the stereotyped 5-HT2A receptor-mediated head-twitch behavior, also decreased the place aversion. These results suggest that the serotonergic neuronal system, specifically the 5-HT2A receptor, may play a critical role in producing PCP-induced place aversion.
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
Synip: a novel insulin-regulated syntaxin 4-binding protein mediating GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes.
Insulin-stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation require regulated interactions between the v-SNARE, VAMP2, and the t-SNARE, syntaxin 4. We have isolated a novel syntaxin 4-binding protein, Synip, which specifically interacts with syntaxin 4. Insulin induces a dissociation of the Synip:syntaxin 4 complex due to an apparent decrease in the binding affinity of Synip for syntaxin 4. In contrast, the carboxyterminal domain of Synip does not dissociate from syntaxin 4 in response to insulin stimulation but inhibits glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. These data implicate Synip as an insulin-regulated syntaxin 4-binding protein directly involved in the control of glucose transport and GLUT4 vesicle translocation.
Adipocytes↗
DNA flow cytometric quantification and DNA polymorphism analysis in the case of a complete mole with a coexisting fetus.
PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate whether DNA flow cytometric quantification and DNA polymorphism analysis are useful for cytogenetic diagnosis in the case of a complete hydatidiform mole that coexists with a living fetus. METHODS: Flow cytometric analysis of the nuclear DNA content and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the minisatellite locus with the MCT118 probe were performed on the tissues (fetus, placenta and mole) obtained at the initial evacuation. RESULTS: DNA histograms of placental, fetal, and molar tissues showed diploid peaks. PCR products demonstrated that the allele of the mole was homozygous and inherited solely from the husband and that the mole differed genetically from the fetus and the placenta. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that DNA flow cytometry and DNA polymorphism analysis may be useful for the cytogenetic diagnosis of a complete hydatidiform mole and a coexisting fetus.
Adult↗
The attenuation of learning impairments induced after exposure to CO or trimethyltin in mice by sigma (sigma) receptor ligands involves both sigma1 and sigma2 sites.
1. Sigma (sigma) receptor ligands were previously reported to alleviate learning and memory impairments on several pharmacological and pathological rodent models of amnesia. Such effect was demonstrated as involving the sigma1 subtype of sigma receptor. 2. In this study, we characterized the pharmacological effect mediated by sigma ligands on two lesional models of amnesia in mice: (1) the hypoxia-related learning and memory impairment model induced by repeated exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) gas; and (2) the intoxication with trimethyltin (1 mg kg(-1)). 3. The selective sigma1 ligand PRE-084 (1 mg kg(-1)) or the non-selective sigma1/sigma2 compounds DTG (0.1 mg kg(-1)), BD1008 (3 mg kg(-1)), and haloperidol (0.1 mg kg(-1)) reversed significantly the spontaneous alternation deficits observed 7 days after exposure to CO or 14 days after intoxication with trimethyltin. 4. The selective sigma1 receptor antagonist NE-100 (1 mg kg(-1)) was ineffective by itself, but blocked completely the PRE-084 effects, partially the DTG effects, and did not affect the effects induced by BD1008 or haloperidol. 5. A similar pharmacological profile was observed in the step-down type passive avoidance test performed 8 days after exposure to CO. 6. These results show that, in contrast to the previously reported amnesia models, the impairments induced after exposure to CO or intoxication with trimethyltin could be alleviated not only by sigma1 receptor agonists but also by sigma2 agonists. The particular pattern of neurodegeneration observed in these lesional models may explain these differences.
Amnesia↗
Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of vegetable extracts measured using electron spin resonance.
Radical scavenging by reconstituted lyophilized powders of water extracts from 16 common vegetables was measured using electron spin resonance (ESR) with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), hydroxyl radicals, (.OH) or superoxide anion radicals (O2.-), as DMPO-OH or DMPO-OOH spin adducts. On a dry weight basis, eggplant, and red, yellow and green bell pepper extracts showed potent superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (SOD-like activities). Ascorbate oxidase- or heat-treatments, decreased SOD-like activities in bell pepper extracts suggesting that ascorbate accounts for much of their free radical scavenging activity. Eggplant epidermis extract exhibited the most potent hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities. Eggplant SOD-like activity did not decrease after ascorbate oxidase treatment, but decreased following ultrafiltration demonstrating that SOD-like activity is partially due to high molecular weight substances. Nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant epidermis, showed markedly potent superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, while it inhibited hydroxyl radical generation probably by chelating ferrous ion.
Anthocyanins↗
Truncated CBP protein leads to classical Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome phenotypes in mice: implications for a dominant-negative mechanism.
A mouse model of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) was generated by an insertional mutation into the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) gene. Heterozygous CBP-deficient mice, which had truncated CBP protein (residues 1-1084) containing the CREB-binding domain (residues 462-661), showed clinical features of RTS, such as growth retardation (100%), retarded osseous maturation (100%), hypoplastic maxilla with narrow palate (100%), cardiac anomalies (15%) and skeletal abnormalities (7%). Truncated CBP is considered to have been acting during development as a dominant-negative inhibitor to lead to the phenotypes of RTS in mice. Our studies with step-through-type passive avoidance tests and with fear conditioning test showed that mice were deficient in long-term memory (LTM). In contrast, short-term memory (STM) appeared to be normal. These results implicate a crucial role for CBP in mammalian LTM. Our CBP +/- mice would be an excellent model for the study of the role of CBP in development and memory storage mechanisms.
Animals↗
Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in human endometrium during cyclic changes. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shiga University of Medical Science and University Hospital. MATERIALS: Eighteen endometrial tissue specimens surgically resected or biopsied from women with normal menstrual cycles, without hormonal disorder or endometrial diseases. METHODS: By immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies (lambda delta 78 for MIP-1alpha and CR3/43 for human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR)). RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for anti-MIP-1alpha was distributed diffusely in epithelial cells throughout the proliferative and secretory phases but was absent during menstruation due to degenerative or necrotic changes. HLA-DR was expressed in epithelial cells only in the late secretory phase and was not expressed in stromal cells. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of MIP-1alpha in the endometrial epithelium. Expression of HLA-DR in epithelial cells was observed only in the late secretory phase, suggesting that accumulation of MIP-1alpha in epithelium occurred by self production and not via a receptor mediated pathway. MIP-1alpha was released from the denuded epithelium during menstruation and appeared to contribute to the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages into the endometrial cavity. MIP-1alpha has a number of biological effects other than monocytic chemotaxis, and some of these effects may be exerted in the endometrial tissue.
Biomarkers↗
Melatonin and its precursors scavenge nitric oxide.
Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of melatonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan and L-tryptophan was examined by the Griess reaction using flow injection analysis. 1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-3-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene (NOC-7) was used as NO generator. The Griess reagent stoichiometrically reacts with NO2-, which was converted by a cadmium-copper reduction column from the stable end products of NO oxidation. Except for tryptophan, all the compounds examined scavenged NO in a dose-dependent manner. Melatonin, which has a methoxy group in the 5-position and an acetyl side chain, exhibited the most potent scavenging activity among the compounds tested. Serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan, respectively, showed moderate scavenging activity compared to melatonin. Tryptophan, which has neither a methoxy nor a hydroxyl group in the 5-position, exhibited the least NO scavenging activity.
5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
[The psychological stress model using motor suppression].
Psychological stress is believed to be implicated in the etiology of affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. To date, a wide range of behavioral responses including analgesia and motor suppression induced by various physiological stressors such as footshock, forced swimming and immobilization have been investigated in animals. However, there is little information concerning behavioral changes in psychological stress. This article describes the experimental procedures and the characteristics of motor suppression in psychological stress, defined as conditioned fear stress (CFS). Mice exhibit a marked suppression of motility when they are re-placed in the same environment in which they had previously received an electric footshock. This motor suppression is regarded as a conditioned emotional response to the environment associated with previous footshock. The motor suppression in CFS is attenuated by sigma receptor agonists such as (+)-N-allylnormetazocine and dextromethorphan, whereas typical anxiolytics (diazepam and chlordiazepoxide) and antidepressants (imipramine and fluoxetine) have no effect. These findings suggest that the CFS model may be useful for investigating the pathogenesis of affective disorders, particularly those considered to be treatment resistant, and for developing their novel therapeutic drugs.
Animals↗
[The 1998 domestic state of development of cognitive enhancers].
Recently, there is a great social problem that geriatric disorders, especially senile dementia, are growing rapidly with the increasing percentage of aged individuals in the total population. However, there is yet no drug that has reliable effects on senile dementia on the market. Therefore, society requires the development of new drugs that can support patients so that they can smoothly live their daily lives by themselves. In this study, we attempted to investigate the 1998 domestic state of development of cognitive enhancers by summarizing many publications and by gathering questionnaires from pharmaceutical, food, synthetic fiber and chemical manufacturing companies. There were 40 currently investigated cognitive enhancers in Japan as of the end of March, 1999 including 37 newly synthesized compounds and 3 new dosage forms or applications of additional effects. On the classification according to the mechanism of drug action, 12 of the investigated drugs are cholinomimetic agents, 12 are ameliorators of neuronal transmission, 1 is an intracellular mediative substance, 3 are neuropeptides, 2 are cerebral metabolic activators, 2 are cerebral circulation enhancers and 7 are neuronal cell protectors, and 1 is another type. For dementia of the Alzheimer's type, there are 1, 3, 10 and 2 drugs in prerecognition, phase late II, early II and I of clinical trials, respectively. For cerebrovascular dementia and cerebrovascular disease, there are 19 drugs being investigated. Seven of these compounds such as E2020 (donepedil HCl), DM-9384 (nefiracetam), TA-0910 (taltirelin), NS-3 (montirelin), TTC-909 (clinprost), DR-3305 (ebselen) and AVS (nicaraven) are at the prerecognition stage for marketing. It is important that effective cognitive enhancers will be supplied for clinical stage use as soon as possible.
Alzheimer Disease↗
[Sigma-receptor ligands and anti-stress actions].
The functional role of sigma receptors in the central nervous system has been investigated extensively. Sigma1-receptors have been shown to play an important role in antidepressive effects since selective sigma1-receptor agonists, as well as typical antidepressants, reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. The reduction of immobility by sigma1-receptor agonists is antagonized by NE-100, a sigma1-receptor antagonist. It has been suggested that sigma receptors are involved in anxiety since Lu 28-179, a sigma2-receptor agonist, has anxiolytic properties in rodents. In addition to the depressive animal model, phenytoin-sensitive sigma1-receptor agonists such as (+)-SKF-10,047 and dextromethorphan attenuate the conditioned fear stress (CFS) response (which is not influenced by typical anxiolytics and antidepressants) in rodents, the attenuating effects being mediated through phenytoin-sensitive sigma1 receptors, which are closely connected to the mesolimbic dopaminergic systems. Furthermore, neurosteroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate also attenuate the CFS response, the effect being mediated via sigma1 receptors. These findings suggest that sigma receptors are involved in stress-induced pathophysiological changes such as depression and anxiety and that phenytoin-sensitive sigma1-receptor ligands are useful for the treatment of affective disorders, particularly those considered to be treatment-resistant.
Animals↗
Neuroactive neurosteroids as endogenous effectors for the sigma1 (sigma1) receptor: pharmacological evidence and therapeutic opportunities.
Neuroactive neurosteroids, including progesterone, allopregnanolone, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone, represent steroid hormones synthesized de novo in the brain and acting locally on nervous cells. Neurosteroids modulate several neurotransmitter systems such as gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and acetylcholine receptors. As physiologic consequences, they are involved in neuronal plasticity, learning and memory processes, aggression and epilepsy, and they modulate the responses to stress, anxiety and depression. The sigma1-receptor protein was recently purified and its cDNA was cloned in several species. The amino-acid sequences are structurally unrelated to known mammalian proteins, but shared homology with a fungal sterol C8-C7 isomerase. The sigma1-receptor ligands exert a potent neuromodulation on excitatory neurotransmitter systems, including the glutamate and cholinergic systems. Consequently, selective sigma1 agonists show neuroprotective properties and beneficial effects in memory processes, stress and depression. The evidence of a direct interaction between neurosteroids and sigma1 receptors was first suggested by the ability of several steroids to inhibit the binding of sigma1-receptor radioligands in vitro and in vivo. A crossed pharmacology between neurosteroids and sigma1-receptor ligands was described in several physiological tests and behavioral responses. This review will detail the recent evidence for a common mechanism of action between neurosteroids and sigma1-receptor ligands and focus on the potential therapeutic interests of such interaction in the physiopathology of learning and memory impairments, stress, depression and neuroprotection.
Animals↗
Embryo-dependent induction of embryo receptivity in the mouse endometrium.
The effect of intraoviductal embryos on endometrial receptivity was studied by intraendometrial and intrauterine embryo transfer. Five-week-old female ICR mice were mated after superovulation; a vaginal plug confirmed day 1 of pregnancy. On day 4 (90 h after hCG injection), blastocysts were collected and transferred to pseudopregnant female mice and to recipient mice in which the uterotubal junction had been ligated bilaterally on day 1 of pregnancy. Three embryos per uterine horn, a total of six embryos per recipient mouse at days 1-6, were transferred to the endometrium or uterine cavity and implantation and pregnancy rates were calculated. The implantation rate for intraendometrial embryo transfer to recipients of days 3, 5 and 6 was significantly higher for uterotubal junction-ligated mice (72.2, 20.8 and 9.7%, respectively) than for pseudopregnant mice (55.0, 8.3 and 0.0%, respectively). The implantation rate for intrauterine embryo transfer to recipients at days 2, 5 and 6 was significantly higher for uterotubal junction-ligated mice (11.1, 25.0 and 8.3%, respectively) than for pseudopregnant mice (0.0, 3.3 and 0.0%, respectively). Uterotubal junction-ligated mice achieved implantation and bore neonates by intrauterine embryo transfer on days 2 and 6, whereas no implantation was achieved in pseudopregnant mice. The difference in implantation rate could not be explained by a difference in progesterone concentration between the groups. The distribution of proliferating cells in the endometrium was also studied immunohistochemically by use of anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody in the recipient mice. PCNA-positive cells were more abundant in uterotubal junction-ligated mice and demonstrated a marked extension from the epithelium to the stroma over time, in contrast to those in pseudopregnant mice. These findings indicate that an intraoviductal embryo exerts a biological effect by sending a signal to the endometrial epithelium and stroma, thus facilitating endometrial receptivity to the embryo and improving the rate of implantation.
Animals↗
Adrenocortical insufficiency associated with long-term high-dose fosfestrol therapy for prostatic carcinoma.
A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of muscular pain, weakness, and anorexia. He had been treated with 600 mg/day of fosfestrol, a synthetic estrogen, for 10 years for prostatic carcinoma. Endocrinological studies demonstrated adrenocortical insufficiency due to inadequate ACTH secretion. After initiation of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, his symptoms subsided rapidly. To our knowledge, an association between estrogenic agents, including fosfestrol, and secondary adrenocortical insufficiency has not been previously reported. Physicians who treat patients with long-term and high-dose strong estrogenic agents should be cautious about the possible emergence of secondary adrenocortical insufficiency.
Adrenal Insufficiency↗