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Biomedical subjects

Y Noda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Noda.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of hochu-ekki-to, a Japanese kampo medicine, on cultured hamster epididymal cells.

In Japan, Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41), a Japanese Kampo preparation is used extensively in the treatment of idiopathic male infertility. In order to elucidate the mechanism of how this drug affects spermatogenesis, we examined the effects of the sera from male mice to which TJ-41 was administered orally, on protein synthesis in cultured hamster epididymal cells. Golden hamster epididymal cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium supplemented with FCS for 7 to 10 days. After the initial culture period, the medium was changed to RPMI1640 supplemented with 1 microCi/ml [3H]-leucine and 10% serum from male ICR mice to which TJ-41 was orally administered for 7 days. The culture was then continued for 20 hours, and the uptake of [3H]-leucine into the cultured hamster epididymal cells was measured. The uptake of [3H]-leucine was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cells cultured in media supplemented with sera from the TJ-41 treated mice than in cells cultured with control sera. Elements in the sera from control and TJ-41 treated mice were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (Waters HPLC, type 510; Milipore) with a mu-Bondapack C18 column. Several new peaks were detected in the sera from TJ-41 treated mice. These results and the clinical data suggest that TJ-41 may promote the synthesis of several proteins which might he related to the functional maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

In vivo 19F NMR comparative study of 5-fluorouracil, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and an FT-uracil coadministration system in mouse tumors.

The suppression of alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL) formation from 5-fluorouracil (FU) is an important subject in relation to tumor chemotherapy. This is the first comparative study of FU, 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT, a prodrug of FU) and of FT+uracil as a coadministration system (UFT) under an oral dose using the in vivo 19F NMR method. The slow release of FU from FT and the suppression of the catabolism of FU to FBAL in mouse livers and tumors by the coadministration of uracil with FT were demonstrated using consecutive NMR measurements. The applicability of the in vivo 19F NMR method to the drug evaluation in tumors and livers of small animals was successfully tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pulmonary plasma cell granuloma improves with corticosteroid therapy.

Two cases of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma that progressed after respiratory infectious disease are described. The men, 48 and 32 years old, were admitted to the hospital with blood-streaked sputum and mass or nodular shadow on chest radiograph. Close examination revealed that these tumors were plasma cell granulomas, which are known as postinflammatory pseudotumors. Biopsy specimens, obtained by way of transbronchial biopsy, demonstrated proliferation of mature plasma cells and infiltration of lymphocytes supported by granulation tissue, and there was no evidence of malignancy or tuberculosis. Although surgery is common in the treatment of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma, some cases relapse or invade the mediastinum. Therefore, we decided to treat these patients with prednisolone, 30 mg/d, an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. Two or 4 weeks later, these tumors disappeared completely and they have never recurred. As middle-dosage corticosteroid therapy is not cytotoxic, it is useful for the treatment of pulmonary plasma cell granuloma, especially in multifocal, unresectable, and/or relapsing cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of lung tumorigenesis induced by urethan in athymic nude mice and euthymic littermates.

Athymic (nu/nu) and euthymic (nu/+) mice were intraperitoneally given doses of 0.25 to 1.5 mg/g body weight of urethan at the age of 14 to 16 days. Dose-response relationship and sequential changes in lung tumorigenesis induced by urethan in athymic mice were compared with those in euthymic littermates. The urethan dose-response relationship in lung tumorigenesis of the nu/nu mice was almost the same as that in the nu/+ mice. Incidence and multiplicity of the lung tumors were investigated sequentially 28 days to 12 months after urethan injection. They showed similar indexes in the two phenotypically different mice at varying periods after 0.5 mg/g body weight urethan treatment (incidences of 4.8 and 4.4 tumors/mouse and 96 and 97% for nu/nu and nu/+ mice, respectively, at 12 months after treatment). This means that the length of the latent period is similar in these phenotypically different mice. It may be concluded that the immunosurveillance mechanism mediated by T-cells does not function in the present model.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Minocycline-induced pneumonitis with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion.

A 65-year-old man developed respiratory failure with diffuse interstitial shadow, bilateral pleural effusion, and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy on chest X-ray and CT, after intravenous administration of minocycline. Corticosteroid therapy was effective. The findings from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy were compatible with eosinophilic pneumonia. Provocation test supported this diagnosis, but the lymphocyte stimulation test was negative. A review of the literature and the diagnoses of drug-induced pulmonary diseases are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Rhabdomyolysis associated with bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus.

A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus is reported. A 58-year-old man was admitted because of severe left lobar pneumonia, and presented myoglobinuria on admission. The serum creatine phosphokinase level was transiently elevated and myoglobinuria were disclosed. Sputum and venous blood cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. Rhabdomyolysis has rarely been reported in cases of bacterial infection, especially those due to Staphylococcus aureus. This case might be an extremely rare case of rhabdomyolysis complicating Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia following severe left upper lobar pneumonia.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of Helical scanning CT in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

We discuss the usefulness of Helical scanning CT (Helical CT) in the 52 patients with space occupying lesions of the pancreas. Information acquired during the early phase was found to be particularly useful in the evaluation of the extent of pancreatic carcinoma. The diagnostic rate of pancreatic tumors by Helical CT was 78% in 18 operative cases. The detection rate of involvement of the major arteries around the pancreas was compared with angiographic results in 22 cases each other, and the overall accuracy of Helical CT was 100%. On the other hand, the detection rate of PV invasion by Helical CT was compared with histological results in 14 cases, and the overall accuracy was 71.4%. In the cine mode and the multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) image, the courses of the major blood vessels and the degree of invasion into the blood vessels by pancreatic carcinoma could be continuously observed, both enabled reconstruction of the lesion and surrounding areas three dimensionally.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

["Skip lesions" in neurological deficits caused by tethered cord syndrome].

The neurological deficits caused by tethered cord syndrome do not necessarily follow a dermatomal pattern of the affected spinal cord from caudal to cephalic fashion. The authors defined these neurological deficits as "skip lesions", and reviewed the neurological deficits in tethered cord syndrome. Among 29 cases, inconsecutive segmental motor weakness in 3 cases, inconsecutive segmental sensory impairment in 6 cases, positive Babinski reflex in 8 cases, supranuclear neurogenic bladder in 3 cases and lumbago or leg pain in 4 cases were observed and they were thought to be compatible with the neurological deficits called "skip lesions". The basic mechanism of this sign is that the cephalic portion of the spinal cord is functionally impaired during flexion of the lumbosacral spine, while the caudal spinal cord with decreased visco-elasticity dose not elongate. Inconsecutive motor-sensory disturbance, accelerated deep tendon reflexes in the lower extremities, positive Babinski or other pathological reflexes in the lower extremities, uninhibited neurogenic bladder, lumbago and pain in the legs were considered to belong to the category of "skip lesions" and they can be treated by the untethering procedure. The authors concluded that preoperative careful insight into the mechanism of "skip lesions" revealed surgical efficacy for the reversible neurological deficits by the untethering procedure, or the efficacy of decompression of the lipoma or neurolysis around the involved spinal nerve roots.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Culture of human embryos in alpha modification of Eagle's medium under low oxygen tension and low illumination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether protection from oxidative stress would enhance the development of human embryos. DESIGN: A new culture system for human IVF-ET that used low oxygen tension (5% O2) and low illumination (20 lux from the ceiling and 100 lux from the microscope) throughout embryo manipulation was developed. The culture medium was similarly altered to contain neither transition metals nor hypoxanthine (alpha MEM). SETTING: In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program at Kyoto University Hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred ten IVF cycles performed using the new culture system between January 1991 and March 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An analytical review of 110 IVF cycles that were performed using the new culture system was undertaken. RESULTS: The blastulation rate of spare (deselected) embryos was 58.5% (182/311). The pregnancy and live birth rates were 28.2% and 17.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This new culture system provides a relatively high blastulation rate in human IVF. These results suggest that protection from oxidative stress enhances the in vitro development of human embryos.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed1994

[Screening for thyroid dysfunction in adults residing in Hokkaido Japan: in relation to urinary iodide concentration and thyroid autoantibodies].

The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its relation to thyroid autoantibodies (TAA) and urinary iodide concentration (UI) was studied in apparently healthy adults in Sapporo (n = 4110) (Sapporo group), and in five coastal areas of Hokkaido (n = 1061) (coastal group) which produce iodine-rich seaweed (kelp). The frequency of above normal UI (high UI) in the morning urinary samples of coastal group was 10.8%, significantly higher than that of Sapporo group (6.4%) (p < 0.001). Frequency of positive TAA in both groups were similar. In Sapporo group TAA was positive in 6.4% of males and 13.8% of females with an age-related increase. The overall prevalence of hyperthyroidism (TSH < 0.15 mU/L) in coastal group (0.6%) was similar to that in Sapporo group (1.1%), while that of hypothyroidism (TSH > 5.0 mU/L) in coastal group (3.8%) was significantly higher than that in Sapporo group (1.3%) (P < 0.001). The frequency of high UI correlated significantly with that of hypothyroidism with negative TAA (r = 0.829, P < 0.05), but not with positive TAA, or with that of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in TAA negative subjects with high UI than with normal UI. Moreover, serum TSH and thyroglobulin levels were higher and free T4 level was lower in former than in latter group. These results indicate that 1) the prevalence of TAA negative hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient areas may be associated with the amount of iodine ingested, 2) this hypothyroidism is more prevalent and marked in subjects consuming further excess amounts of iodine, and 3) excessive intake of iodine should be considered an etiology of hypothyroidism in addition to chronic thyroiditis in these areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Tissue concentration of tegafur suppository in patients with head and neck cancer--concentration of 5-FU in cancer tissue].

Fifty patients with head and neck cancer were treated with tegafur suppository for 7 days preoperatively. The tissues were obtained during surgical operation and the concentrations of 5-FU in cancer tissue, normal tissue and blood were measured. It was revealed that a high concentration of 5-FU was seen in cancer tissue and then metastatic lymph nodes. The 5-FU concentration in cancer tissue was parallel with T stage of the patients. Subsites which showed a high concentration of 5-FU were nasal-paranasal cavity, tongue and mesopharynx. The tegafur suppository was useful because of the high concentration in cancer tissue and metastatic lymph nodes without any obvious side effects in the head and neck region.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Risk factors for retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in ovarian cancer].

The incidence and significant risk factors for retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were investigated in 48 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Twenty-four (50.0%) of the 48 patients had para-aortic and/or pelvic lymph node metastases. In retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at primary cytoreductive surgery, all patients with lymph node metastases were found to have both para-aortic and pelvic lymph node metastases. It is possible that the lymphatic extension, from the pelvic lymph node to the para-aortic lymph node, is one of the routes of retroperitoneal lymph node metastases in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. The incidence of lymph node metastases significantly increased with the spread of the abdominal tumor, peritoneal cytology, peritoneal metastasis, omental metastasis, involvement of both ovaries and poor histological grade. In the multiple analysis, the spread of the abdominal tumor, positive peritoneal cytology and poor histological grade were found to be the most important risk factors for retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in ovarian cancer.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous↗
PubMed1994

[5-Fluorouracil plus low-dose leucovorin in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer].

From September 1989 to September 1992, 17 patients (pts) with non-curative or recurrent colorectal cancer were treated with 5-fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (LV) systemic therapy. The sites of evaluable metastases were liver (10), peritoneum (4), lung (3) and others (6). The LV dosage was 30 mg/body (low-dose method) and the FU dosage was 500-750 mg/body. Both drugs were administered either 5 days/every 4 weeks or one day/every 1 to 2 weeks via protracted or bolus infusion. The regimen was generally well tolerated, although 9 pts (53%) experienced toxicity which required dose reductions. Overall response rate was 29% (5 PR). No CR was observed. Improvement in tumor-related symptoms was noted temporarily in 7 out of 10 pts. Serum CEA level decreased in 13 out of 14 pts. All the response sites were liver (5), with simultaneous lung (1) or peritoneum (1) metastasis. The response duration was 3 to 10 months (mean 6.2 months). Second-line therapy after progression of diseases, such as combination with CDDP, was attempted in some of the PR pts, but no re-response was observed. We conclude that FU plus low-dose LV regimen is an effective therapy for advanced colorectal cancer, but further attempts should be made to increase response rate, prolongation of response duration and effective second-line therapy after progression.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

Non-radioisotopic quantitative RT-PCR to detect changes in mRNA levels during early mouse embryo development.

We developed a non-radioisotopic quantitative RT-PCR method with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The results of this RT-PCR were in agreement with those of the Northern blot analysis. We measured the mRNA levels of beta-actin, transferrin receptor, and two cell cycle-related genes, cyclin B and cdc25, in early mouse embryos by the RT-PCR. In late two-cell stage embryos, beta-actin, transferrin receptor and cyclin B mRNA levels were 10-20% of those in MII stage oocytes. In contrast, the cdc25 mRNA levels were not different between these stages. When we cultured mouse embryos, the presence of an RNA polymerase inhibitor, alpha-amanitin, in the medium did not affect the mRNA levels at the two-cell stage, indicating that most of the detected mRNAs in two-cell embryos were maternally derived. These results suggest that the rate of mRNA degradation is different between cyclin B and cdc25 during early embryogenesis.

Actins↗
PubMed1993

Superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin restore defective p34cdc2 kinase activation in mouse two-cell block.

We recently showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD), a free radical scavenger, and thioredoxin, a potent protein disulfide reductase, release mouse two-cell stage developmental block in vitro. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the two-cell block and the effects of these enzymes, we studied the chronological changes in the kinase activity and the immunoblotting pattern of p34cdc2, a key regulator of the cell cycle, during the first and second cell cycles of the mouse embryonic development. In vivo embryos were freshly collected at fixed times, and in vitro embryos cultured from the pronuclear stage were also sampled with the same time-course. A marked elevation of p34cdc2 kinase activity was observed in vivo at 27-32 and 51 h after an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin. These times coincide with the M-phases of embryo cleavage. In vitro embryos showed high kinase activity during the M-phase of the first cleavage, but this activity was not elevated during the second cell cycle. The addition of recombinant human SOD (200 micrograms/ml) or thioredoxin from Escherichia coli (500 micrograms/ml) to the medium enabled kinase activation with a time course similar to that of in vivo embryos. The immunoblotting patterns suggested the dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 at the M-phase of the first and the second cleavages in vivo. Although p34cdc2 was dephosphorylated at the M-phase of the first cleavage and then rephosphorylated for embryos cultured in vitro, the second dephosphorylation was not observed during the second cell cycle. The addition of SOD or thioredoxin permitted the dephosphorylation at the M-phases of both the first and the second cleavage. These results suggest that one of the chief causes of two-cell block in vitro is the impairment in p34cdc2 dephosphorylation, recently shown to be catalyzed by the cdc25 homologue. This impairment is thought to be due to oxidative stress, because both SOD and thioredoxin are known to play a defensive role against it.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Sequential observation of mitochondrial distribution in mouse oocytes and embryos.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in the distribution of mitochondria through the cell cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mouse oocytes and embryos were recovered sequentially from mice and stained with the vital fluorescent mitochondrial stain rhodamine 123. Mitochondrial staining pattern were classified into three types: aggregation (Ag), homogeneous (H), and perinuclear accumulation (PA). RESULTS: Sequential observations revealed that mitochondria of oocytes and embryos grown in vivo translocated in the cytoplasm during the cell cycle, showing the H pattern before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration, the PA pattern 8-9 hr post-hCG, the H pattern again 10-14 hr post-hCG, and the PA pattern again 24 and 31-32 hr post-hCG following fertilization. In the two-cell stage, the Ag pattern was shown 35 hr post-hCG, the H pattern was observed 40 hr post-hCG, and the PA pattern was found 48 hr post-hCG. In the embryos cultured in vitro and showing developmental block, mitochondrial translocation was shown to be inhibited after they aggregated in the early two-cell stage (35 hr post-hCG). Moreover, the translocation of mitochondria was restored by the addition of superoxide dismutase or thioredoxin to the culture medium. Both of these enzymes have already been shown to have the ability to overcome developmental block. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that mitochondria translocated in the cell cycle and suggested that there is a close relationship between mitochondrial translocation and developmental arrest.

Animals↗