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Biomedical subjects

Y Noda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Noda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Localization of kinesin superfamily proteins to the connecting cilium of fish photoreceptors.

Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are probable motors in vesicular and non-vesicular transport along microtubular tracks. Since a variety of KIFs have been recently identified in the motile flagella of Chlamydomonas, we sought to ascertain whether KIFs are also associated with the connecting cilia of vertebrate rod photoreceptors. As the only structural link between the rod inner segment and the photosensitive rod outer segment, the connecting cilium is thought to be the channel through which all material passes into and out of the outer segment from the rod cell body. We have performed immunological tests on isolated sunfish rod inner-outer segments (RIS-ROS) using two antibodies that recognize the conserved motor domain of numerous KIFs (anti-LAGSE, a peptide antibody, and anti-Klp1 head, generated against the N terminus of Chlamydomonas Klp1) as well as an antibody specific to a neuronal KIF, KIF3A. On immunoblots of RIS-ROS, LAGSE antibody detected a prominent band at approximately 117 kDa, which is likely to be kinesin heavy chain, and Klp1 head antibody detected a single band at approximately 170 kDa; KIF3A antibody detected a polypeptide at approximately 85 kDa which co-migrated with mammalian KIF3A and displayed ATP-dependent release from rod cytoskeletons. Immunofluorescence localizations with anti-LAGSE and anti-Klp1 head antibodies detected epitopes in the axoneme and ellipsoid, and immunoelectron microscopy with the LAGSE antibody showed that the connecting cilium region was particularly antigenic. Immunofluorescence with anti-KIF3A showed prominent labelling of the connecting cilium and the area surrounding its basal body; the outer segment axoneme and parts of the inner segment coincident with microtubules were also labelled. We propose that these putative kinesin superfamily proteins may be involved in the translocation of material between the rod inner and outer segments.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A new method for permeabilization of the plasma membrane of cultured mammalian cells. VII. Permeabilization of growing and resting cells by vortex-stirring with high molecular weight polyacrylic acid.

The permeability of murine leukemia L1210 cells toward non-permeant fluorescent Lucifer Yellow (LY) was evaluated by flow cytometry following vortex-stirring of cells with LY in the presence of high molecular weight polyacrylic acid (A-119). Permeabilization by this technique was greatly enhanced in growth phase cells, whereas it was appreciably reduced in resting cells which had been maintained in unchanged culture medium for 2 to 4d. This reduction in permeabilization of resting cells gradually disappeared when resting cells were re-suspended in fresh culture medium, and the degree of permeabilization was restored to that of the growing cells. It is recommended that the mammalian cells used for internalization of non-permeant materials by vortex-stirring with A-119 should be in the early log phase.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Distribution of immunoreactive atrial and brain natriuretic peptides in the heart of the chicken, quail, snake and frog.

The distribution of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)- and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)-granules was examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally in the hearts of the chicken, Japanese quail, Japanese rat snake and bull-frog. Moreover, natriuretic peptide (NP)-granules in the cardiocytes were analyzed by ultrastructural morphometry. Immunohistochemically, ANP-immunoreactivity (IR) was not detected in any cardiocytes, but BNP-IR was detectable in most atrial and ventricular cardiocytes of both chicken and quail. In the snake, ANP-IR was seen in most atrial and ventricular cardiocytes, which showed traces and negative in BNP-IR, respectively. Both ANP- and BNP-IR were detected in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes in the frog. Ultrastructurally, most of NP-granules were found in the perinuclear region in the chicken, quail and snake atrium, but the frog atrial cardiocytes had granules generally dispersing widely in the cell. By ultrastructural morphometry, the number of granules in the atrial cardiocyte was greatest in the frog, followed by the snake, and chicken or quail, in this order. The diameter of granules in the atrial cardiocyte was largest in the snake and reduced via the frog to the chicken or quail. In the ventricular cardiocytes of all species, the number and size of granules were significantly less than that in the atrial ones. These results indicated that the hearts of the chicken and quail contain only BNP, and that there are two different natriuretic peptides, ANP and BNP, in the snake and frog hearts.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Cochlear ischemia and changes in compound action potentials in the guinea pig].

To determine the degree of decrease in cochlear blood flow (CoBF) which causes compound action potentials (CAPs) to disappear, a cochlear ischemic model was created by compressing the internal auditory artery in guinea pig. CoBF was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter, and CAPs were recorded with an electrode placed on the round window membrane. The amplitude and latency of the N1 wave of CAPs changed as CoBF decreased. When CoBF diminished to as much as 70% below the original level, N1 disappeared. In this study, we also observed the N1 recovery process following CoBF reperfusion after 20 minutes of cochlear ischemia. N1 recovery in the group with an incomplete decrease in CoBF was better than in the group with a complete decrease in CoBF. These findings suggest that both the degree of compromise of CoBF and the duration of ischemia are important factors affecting the recovery of auditory function.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The changes in cochlear blood flow and auditory brainstem response in the pressure-induced animal model of acoustic neuroma].

Changes in cochlear blood flow (CoBF) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in a pressure-induced animal model of acoustic neuroma were examined. A suboccipital approach was used to expose the right cerebello-pontine angle in guinea pigs. Under surgical microscope, the bundle of nerves and vessels at the entrance of the internal auditory meatus was exposed without retraction. The two pressure points, one anterior to and the other posterior to the center of the bundle were separately compressed by a pressure probe (1mm in diameter). CoBF from the basal turn or second turn of the right cochlea was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. ABR was recorded from the electrodes placed on the vertex and the right mastoid process. With compression, the changes in CoBF and ABR were found in a total of 19 animals. We classified these changes into three types based mainly on CoBF. In type I (n = 9), an increase rather than a decrease of CoBF was noted, and an increase in the I-II inter-peak latency with a decrease in the amplitudes of wave II-IV in ABR were observed. Those changes were mainly attributed to the blockage of cochlear nerve. In type II (n = 6), CoBF was completely stopped and all waves of ABR disappeared during compression. This suggested the presence of cochlear ischemia. After relaxation of compression both CoBF and ABR recovered, but I-II inter-peak latency remained delayed. CoBF in type III (n = 4) decreased and then slowly recovered. In type III, all waves transiently disappeared, and wave I reappeared with recovery of CoBF. The changes in type III were caused by damage to both the artery and the nerve. In addition, the changes in CoBF and ABR were closely related to the pressure points. The changes in type I were often found in compression of the anterior pressure point, whereas the changes in type II are associated with the posterior pressuring point (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the cochlear nerve or the internal auditory artery is more susceptible to damage by compression of an anterior or posterior pressure point, and that the compression position is an important determinant in the type of auditory dysfunction and the degree of hearing loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The role of nitric oxide in dizocilpine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in mice.

We investigated the role played by nitric oxide in the dizocilpine-induced impairment of both spontaneous alternation behavior in a Y-maze and of performance in a multiple-trial passive avoidance task in mice. Dizocilpine (0.1 mg/kg) impaired the spontaneous alternation behavior and the retention of passive avoidance without affecting acquisition in the multiple-trial passive avoidance task. NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, dose-dependently impaired the spontaneous alternation behavior, but had no effect on either the acquisition or retention of passive avoidance. NG-nitro-D-arginine methylester had no effect on either task. The inhibitory effect of L-NAME on the spontaneous alternation behavior was completely reversed by the coadministration of L-arginine. Pretreatment with L-arginine ameliorated the dizocilpine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior, but not the impairment of the retention of passive avoidance. S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a generator of NO, completely inhibited the dizocilpine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior. Finally, the impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior caused by dizocilpine was significantly diminished by pretreatment with dibutyryl cyclic GMP. These results suggest that, although N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play a critical role in both spatial working memory and long-term memory processes assessed by spontaneous alternation behavior and the passive avoidance, respectively, different neuronal mechanisms may be involved in these two processes. Further, it is suggested that the NO/cyclic GMP system may play a role in spatial working memory.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prognosis of severe head injury in childhood: from the viewpoint of brain plasticity].

We investigated prognosis of 12 children with severe head injury, whose Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was less than 8 during the acute period. We divided the cases into two groups according to the age of incidence: less than 4 years (6 cases) and more than 4 years (6 cases). We examined the acute conditions (cause, type of the lesion, GCS, period of consciousness loss) and the present status (disability, intelligence quotient: IQ, functional independence measure: FIM). We used IQ and FIM scores for the indices to assess prognosis, and compared those two groups. IQ and FIM scores were better in the group whose onset was under 4 years. This difference was thought to be related to the greater plasticity and to the rehabilitation effect in younger brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis of superficial-type early carcinoma of the gallbladder by endoscopic ultrasonography--comparison with ultrasonography].

The detectability of superficial-type carcinoma of the gallbladder by ultrasonography (US) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) were investigated. Eight patients with such carcinoma of the gallbladder were reviewed. They had undergone both US and EUS previous to surgery. The tumor was detected in 3 patients by US, 2 patients with IIa + IIb-type carcinoma and 1 patient with IIa-type carcinoma. Those lesions were visualized as localized thickening of the gallbladder wall or as broad-based tumor. In 2 patients, lesions were not initially detected by US, but were shown by US after the examination by EUS. The tumor was detected by EUS also in 1 case of IIb + IIa-type carcinoma besides those 3 patients mentioned above. All four of these lesions were visualized as broad-based tumor by EUS. It was difficult to detect pure IIb-type or small IIa-type carcinoma even by EUS. In patients with concomitant acute cholecystitis or gallbladder stone, it was difficult to evaluate the abnormal findings of the gallbladder wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome].

We did anesthetic management on a pediatric patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome presenting a peculiar look, variable physical deformities, and some growth and mental retardations. An 8-year-old male patient was scheduled for inguinal hernioplasty under general anesthesia. This patient had been suffering from dehydration for apodeisis and self-destructive tendency due to psychologic stress. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane and N2O in oxygen. The area of skin incision was infiltrated with 0.25 % bupivacaine for the purpose of post-operative analgesia, and as a result, psychologically and physically stable condition was obtained during post-operative periods. It is necessary to understand not only the patient's physical conditions but also mental ones in order to make the anesthetic management safer and more satisfactory.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1996

[Behavioral assessment of neuroleptics (3)--Schizophrenia negative symptoms-like model induced by PCP].

Immobility induced by forced swimming is well known as an animal model of depression. To develop an animal model for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, in particular, the depressive symptoms, the effect of phencyclidine (PCP) on immobility in the forced swimming test was investigated in mice, since PCP produces negative symptoms-like behavioral changes in humans. Repeated treatment with PCP (10 mg/kg/day, sc, once a day for 14 days) prolonged the immobility time in the forced swimming test 24 hr after the final injection compared with saline treatment; the effect was not obtained by single treatment with PCP (10 mg/kg), or by repeated treatment with methamphetamine (0.3 and 1 mg/kg/day, sc, once a day for 14 days). The enhancing effect of PCP on the immobility persisted for at least 21 days after the withdrawal of the drug. Desipramine (10 mg/kg, po) attenuated the immobility induced by the forced swimming in mice repeatedly treated with saline. The enhancing effect of PCP on the immobility was attenuated by risperidone (0.3 mg/kg), clozapine (3 and 10 mg/kg), and desipramine (20 and 50 mg/kg), whereas haloperidol (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) had no effect. These results suggest that the enhancement of immobility in the forced swimming test brought about by repeated PCP treatment could be used as a model of the negative symptoms, particularly the depression, of schizophrenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Two cases of localized organizing pneumonia simulating lung cancer].

Localized organizing pneumonia is one of the benign conditions which must be differentiated from lung cancer. We have reported two cases of localized organizing pneumonia diagnosed by histological study of surgical specimens. Two cases were initially regarded as lung cancer, because the symptoms of respiratory tract infection were not remarkable and initial roentgenographic findings revealed a tumor-like shadow. Diagnostic thoracoscopy which was less invasive upon a patient were very useful in differentiating organizing pneumonia from lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Low-dose radiation, therapy for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration].

The efficacy of low-dose radiation was evaluated in the treatment of eyes with subfoveal or juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Ten eyes of ten patients received a total dose of 14 Gy of 10 MV X-rays in seven fractions and the mean follow-up time was 12 months (range 9 approximately 18 months). Thirteen control eyes of thirteen patients were followed for an average of 18 months (range 12 approximately 24 months). Visual acuity was improved in 2 eyes (20%), unchanged in 3 eyes (30%), and deteriorated in 5 eyes (50%) of treated patients, and it was improved in no eyes (0%), unchanged in 5 eyes (32%), and deteriorated in 8 eyes (50%) of the control patients at their last follow-up examinations. Funduscopic and angiographic findings were improved in 3 eyes (30%), unchanged in 2 eyes (20%), and deteriorated in 5 eyes (50%) of treated patients, and they were improved in no eyes (0%), unchanged in 5 eyes (32%), and deteriorated in 8 eyes (50%) of the control patients. These results suggested that low-dose radiation is beneficial for the management of subfoveal or juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Ultrasonographic study of rectal carcinoid tumors].

To compare intraluminal ultrasonographic (ILUS) findings with histological findings of rectal carcinoid tumors, 35 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors were reviewed. The results were as follows: 1) The rectal wall was visualized as a seven- or nine-layer structure by means of ILUS in 81% of the patients. 2) The possibility that the thin hyperechoic third layer above the tumor on ILUS corresponds to the muscularis mucosae and fibrointerstitium above the tumor histologically. 3) In cases with relatively high internal echoes, the amount of fibrointerstitium exceeded that of tumor cells histologically. 4) In cases with nonuniform internal echo patterns, tumor cells were separated by thick fibrointerstitium forming nodular nests.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1996

[A clinico-pathological study of early gallbladder carcinoma].

We performed a clinico-pathological study on cases with early gallbladder carcinoma to elucidate its morphological characteristics. Thirty cases (33 lesions) were included, invasion was confined to the mucosa in 24 of these cases and involvement of both the mucosa and muscularis propria was seen in 6 cases. The results are as follows: 1) In all cases with I p-type cancer, the depth of invasion was limited to the mucosa. 2) In I s cases in which the tumor had a broad base, 10mm in size or less, the depth of invasion was up to the muscularis propria. 3) In cases with II a-type carcinoma in which the base was less than 15mm in size, no involvement of the subserosa was observed. In conclusion, it is suggested that with lesions diagnosed by imaging modalities as I p-type cancers, broad-based tumors with a base of 10mm or less, or II a-like lesions with a base less than 15mm, there is a high probability that the depth of invasion is limited to the mucosa or up to the muscularis propria.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The oocyte of triploid fluke receiving intrusion of sperm from a diploid fluke--evidence for the origin of tetraploids in Paragonimus westermani.

An experiment was conducted to elucidate the origin of tetraploids (2n = 4x = 44) of Paragonimus westermani that occur together with diploid (2n = 2x = 22) and triploid (2n = 3x = 33) types in Liaoning Province, the People's Republic of China. Metacercariae of the diploid type, obtained from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, and those of the triploid type from Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, were mixed and inoculated into dogs and cats. The following results were obtained. The flukes were found in pairs within cysts in random combinations of 2x + 2x, 2x + 3x, and 3x + 3x (7:15:7). Oocytes in the oviduct were at stages from diplotene to metaphase. In a triploid fluke encysted with a diploid fluke, the primary oocytes were intruded by sperms from the diploid fluke. In the primary oocytes of diploid as well as triploid flukes, from diplotene to diakinesis, the homologues of the nucleolar chromosomes were heteromorphic as far as the size of the short arm was concerned. This implies that the triploid is an autotriploid generated in an ancestral diploid population that was polymorphic for the nucleolar chromosome.

Animals↗