Biomedical subjects

Y Niv

Publications and source records attributed to Y Niv.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in the upper Galilee, Northern Israel, 1967-1986.

An epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis was performed in the Upper Galilee, Israel, over a 20-yr period (1967-1986). The average annual incidence of ulcerative colitis was 2.23 per 100,000 population, and the prevalence on December 31, 1986, was 44.58 per 100,000. Considering the fact that strict steps were taken to include only definite cases, these figures are probably an underestimation. An increase of the average annual incidence from 0.88 in the period 1967-1976 to 3.79 in 1977-1986 was found. When the data were stratified according to ethnic groups, the highest average annual incidence and the highest point prevalence was found in Israeli-born Jews (6.9 and 138.2 per 100,000 population, respectively). When Jewish residence patterns were compared, the highest average annual incidence and point prevalence were found among Kibbutz members (5.52 and 110.39, respectively), and the lowest (1.94 and 38.76) among Moshav inhabitants. There were 10 Arab patients with an average annual incidence of 0.96 and a point prevalence of 19.27. There were 25 women and 28 men (female:male ratio of 0.89). Among the Jews, the female:male ratio was 1.04. Peak incidence was found in the 25- to 34-yr-old range. No second peak was noticed. Anemia was demonstrated in 66.6% of the women and 27.5% of the men in our study. We suggest that the increase in UC incidence and prevalence in Israeli and Asia/africa-born Jew and in Arabs in the Upper Galilee points toward environmental factors in the etiology of this disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Seasonal variation in duodenal ulcer disease in the Upper Galilee].

Active duodenal ulcer disease was diagnosed in 179 of 748 patients presenting with onset of symptoms of the peptic syndrome in the course of 3 years. The diagnosis was made on the basis of either endoscopy or X-ray. The highest average annual incidence was in kibbutzim and the lowest in moshavim (98.9 and 49.2 new cases/year/100,000, respectively). A peak in the diagnosis of new cases of active duodenal ulcer was demonstrated in November, December and January, compared with an equal distribution among other months. There was a diagnostic peak in the winter, and a seasonal decrease in the fall (56 +/- 4 vs 38 +/- 4, M +/- SE, respectively). These findings were statistically significant when proportions of total visits to the Gastroenterology Clinic were compared (Z = 1.976; p less than 0.05).

Duodenal Ulcer↗

PubMed1990

Internal rectal prolapse: rubber-band ligation as treatment for a neglected disease.

Internal rectal prolapse was diagnosed in 21 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with this syndrome. They all underwent rubber-band ligation of the excess mucosa--2.2 procedures per patient on average. Eight patients became asymptomatic and 13 significantly improved clinically. Six patients, in spite of the clinical improvement, had rectoscopic evidence of recurrence. No side effects or complications were noted. Internal rectal prolapse has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of anorectal syndromes. Rubber-band ligation is a safe, simple procedure, leading to resolution of symptoms, and may prevent progression to total rectal prolapse.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion: does desensitization exist?

The existence of tachyphylaxis to pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in humans is controversial. To study this, we determined gastric acid output in 19 duodenal ulcer patients following the administration of two successive intramuscular injections of pentagastrin (6 micrograms/kg body weight). In 18 of 19 patients, the maximal acid output decreased by 33.73 +/- 3.25% (mean +/- SE) following the second pentagastrin administration when compared with the maximal acid output following the first injection. This study indicates the existence of tolerance to pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion in humans, which may be due to a receptor-mediated phenomenon of "down-regulation."

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effectiveness and absorption of rectal hydrocortisone acetate foam in nonspecific proctocolitis.

A 3-week open trial of rectal hydrocortisone acetate foam (Colifoam, Stafford Miller, UK) was conducted in 19 patients with active, nonspecific distal proctocolitis. Complete or near complete remission was observed in nine patients (47.4%). Absorption of hydrocortisone acetate from Colifoam was evaluated in 13 patients by measuring early morning serum cortisol before treatment and 12 and 36 h after the final dose. Normal cortisol values were observed in every instance, suggesting that the steroid component of Colifoam was not significantly absorbed. Colifoam seems to be an effective remedy for distal proctocolitis. Its specific advantages include ease of retention and apparent nonabsorption of the active component.

Administration, Rectal↗

PubMed1989

The cholesterol/saturated fat index of the food supply and nutrient intake in an Israeli community compared with the general population.

The average annual death rate from--as well as incidence of--myocardial infarction in the kibbutzim of the Upper Galilee, Northern Israel, is twice that of the general Israeli population. Since dietary habits probably have a role in the etiology of this chronic disease, we compared the food supply in two kibbutzim with the average Israeli consumption. Food supply and a sample of nutrient intake were computed and calculated per person. Energy, protein, and fat (including cholesterol and saturated fat) consumption in the kibbutzim was higher than the average Israeli intake. Similarly, the cholesterol/saturated fat index was 1.4 and 2.8 times higher in kibbutz A and 1.3 and 2.6 times higher in kibbutz B than the average for the Israeli population and the recommended value, respectively. These findings may explain the high morbidity and mortality related to ischemic heart disease found in the kibbutzim.

Cholesterol, Dietary↗

PubMed1989

Colorectal polyps in the Upper Galilee.

This study of colorectal polyps is based on 129 patients in whom 241 colorectal polyps were diagnosed and excised by colonoscopy in the Gastroenterology Unit of a hospital in the Upper Galilee, Israel, between 1 July 1984 and 30 June 1987. The male:female ratio was 2:1. Anemia was demonstrated in 7% and positive Hemoccult II test (Smith Kline, USA) in 64%. The types of polyp were 58% adenomatous, 25% hyperplastic and 15% inflammatory. Adenomatous polyps were larger than the other types (chi 2 = 13.24, P less than 0.01), and were more frequent in the left colon than inflammatory polyps (chi 2 = 4.67, P less than 0.05). The annual incidence of colorectal polyps and the percentage of colonoscopies that revealed polyps were highest for Jews of European/American origin (5.3/10,000, 26%) compared with Jews of Israeli and Asian/African origin and Arabs (2/10,000, 6%; 1.3/10,000, 12%; and 1/10,000, 9%, respectively). These data confirm findings of other investigators showing a higher incidence of colorectal polyps in European/American Jews than in other ethnic Israeli groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Changes in gastric glands after gastric surgery in symptomatic patients.

Surgery for peptic ulcer disease results in hypochlorhydria and increased biliary and pancreatic reflux. These factors are believed to lead to mucosal gland change, which may progress to carcinoma. In 31 patients who had undergone gastric surgery for duodenal ulcer disease we found macroscopic lesion in 94% and microscopic abnormality in 84%, either in the anastomotic site or in the gastric stump mucosa. The average time duration from the operation was 11.6 years. Dysplasia of gastric glands was found in 13% of the cases, with no evidence of malignancy. In 42% of the patients cystic change of the gland was found in association with an inflammatory macroscopic lesion (mucosal hyperemia and fragility, ulcer or polyp) and periodic acid-Schiff-positive Alcian blue-negative staining (red color) characteristic of neutral mucin (as in normal glands). These findings support a reactive, hyperplastic change of glands, rather than a true proliferative disorder. It is suggested that mucosal gland change often follows gastric surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1988