Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishimura.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Prevention of rebleeding after operation for subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause.

This study is presented to promote prophylactic operation to prevent rebleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) of unknown cause. Twenty-two cases of nontraumatic SAH of unknown cause of a total of 254 cases of SAH treated during a 5-year period (1980-1984) were available for this study. A follow-up study (4 to 61 months after treatment; median, 43 months) revealed a 4.5% mortality rate. Four patients chosen from among the 22 SAH cases underwent prophylactic operation. The decision to operate was based on repeated angiography showing regional cerebral vasospasm corresponding to a limited hyperdense area on the computed tomographic scan at the time of the onset of SAH. Microsurgery revealed a minute protrusion (less than 2 mm in diameter) or thinning of the arterial wall with old hematoma of the surrounding brain in all 4 cases, and treatment required only coating of the abnormal site. All 4 patients are now fully recovered. Frequently, abnormal changes of such cerebral arteries as the anterior communicating artery, the internal carotid artery (C-1 and C-2), and the middle cerebral artery (M-1) may occur. Therefore, the authors emphasize the necessity of surgical treatment for specific cases of SAH with an unknown cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationships between red cell cation contents and blood pressure level.

Red cell sodium (R-Na), potassium (R-K) and sodium to potassium ratio (R-Na/K) were studied in 2,542 adults participating in periodic medical examinations. The mean values of R-Na and R-Na/K in untreated borderline (n = 406) and definite hypertensives (n = 485) were higher than those in normotensives (n = 1,651), but that of R-K was not different among the groups. The increased R-Na and R-Na/K in the hypertensives were observed only in those under 50 years, but not in those 50 years and over. In the normotensive subjects, age and sex affected the intraerythrocyte cation contents, but a positive family history of hypertension did not. Although a few characteristics correlated with both R-Na and mean blood pressure, and with both R-Na/K and mean blood pressure, multiple regression analyses revealed that R-Na and R-Na/K independently and significantly contributed to the variation in mean blood pressure. It was also indicated that these relations of R-Na and R-Na/K to mean blood pressure were significant in those under 50 years, but not in those 50 years and over. While several characteristics confound the relationships between red cell cation contents and blood pressure, these results suggest that the contributions of R-Na and R-Na/K to the mechanisms of human hypertension still persist in young to middle-aged people.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The antibody molecule to common acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL) antigen used the identical or closely related VH gene segment as that of MOPC-21 immunoglobulin heavy chain.

We have cloned a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (VH) region gene (NL-1-H-5) from the cells of a mouse hybridoma, NL-1, which produce a monoclonal antibody against the common acute lymphocytic leukemia (cALL) antigen. The DNA base sequence of NL-1-H-5 clone revealed that the VH region gene of NL-1 cells used the identical or closely related leader (L) and VH gene to those of the myeloma cell line MOPC-21. There were seven base differences, and six of them were found in the second complementary-determining hypervariable region (CDR-2). The five nucleotide differences in CDR-2 resulted in the variation of amino acid residues of positions 54, 56, 58, and 59. In particular, nucleotide changes at position 56 and 59 yielded tyrosine residues which might be involved in a part of the antibody-combining site structure for cALL antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Two distinct class II molecules encoded by the genes within HLA-DR subregion of HLA-Dw2 and Dw12 can act as stimulating and restriction molecules.

By using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), we investigated the difference in the HLA class II molecule between HLA-Dw2 and Dw12, both of which are typed as HLA-DR2 serologically. The anti-HLA-DR framework monoclonal antibody (MoAb) HU-4 precipitated an alpha-chain and two beta-chains of human class II molecules from both Dw2 and Dw12 homozygous B lymphoblastoid cell lines. It was demonstrated clearly that an alpha-chain (alpha 1) and one of the beta-chains (beta 1) showed no difference in mobility in the 2D-PAGE between Dw2 and Dw12, but that another beta chain (beta 2) of Dw2 was distinct from that of Dw12 in the 2D-PAGE profile. Thus, MoAb HU-4 precipitated alpha 1 beta 1 and alpha 1 beta 2 molecules from Dw2 and Dw12, and the alpha 1 beta 1 molecule appears to be an HLA-DR2 molecule. The alpha 1 beta 2 molecule, on the other hand, is a class II molecule distinct from those precipitated with anti-DR2, anti-DQw1 (DC1, MB1, MT1), or anti-FA MoAbs. MoAb HU-4 completely inhibited the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) between Dw2 and Dw12, but anti-DR2 MoAb HU-30, which reacts only with the alpha 1 beta 1 molecule, did not show an inhibitory effect on the MLR between Dw2 and Dw12. The alpha 1 beta 2 molecule is therefore the molecule which elicits MLR between Dw2 and Dw12. An IL 2-dependent T cell line established from an HLA-Dw12/D blank heterozygous high responder to the streptococcal cell wall antigen (SCW) clearly distinguished the Dw2 specificity from Dw12 specificity expressed on the antigen-presenting cell (APC). Moreover, MoAb HU-4 markedly inhibited the cooperation between the T cell line and APC to respond to SCW. These observations indicate that the alpha 1 beta 2 molecule is recognized as a restriction molecule by the T cell line at the antigen presentation of SCW through APC MoAb HU-30 on the other hand partially inhibited the MLR between Dw2 or Dw12 homozygous cell as a stimulator cell and non DR2 cell as a responder cell. It markedly inhibited the proliferative response of the Dw12/D- heterozygous T cell line to SCW, presented by Dw2+ but Dw12- allogeneic APC, and the peripheral response of Dw2 or Dw12 homozygous peripheral blood lymphocytes to SCW. Thus, two distinct class II molecules encoded by the genes within the HLA-DR subregion of HLA-Dw2 and Dw12 can act as stimulating molecules in the MLR and as restriction molecules in the antigen presentation by APC.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

[Study on the drug sensitivity of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Of clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus showing resistance to multiple drugs among penicillins (PCs), cephem antibiotics (CEPs), aminoglycosides (AGs), minocycline (MINO) and fosfomycin (FOM), 64 strains were selected for the determination of MIC. Twenty-one drugs were used for the determination of MIC, with ampicillin (ABPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), cefuroxime (CXM), cefamandole (CMD), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotetan (CTT), cefoperazone (CPZ), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB), tobramycin (TOB), amikacin (AMK), MINO, and FOM. MIC80 of each drug at 10(6) CFU/ml were: ABPC, MCIPC, CEZ, CTM, CXM, CTX, CZX, CMX, CFX, LMOX, CTT, CPZ, GM, DKB and TOB greater than 100 micrograms/ml; CET 50 micrograms/ml; CMD and AMK 25 micrograms/ml; CMZ 12.5 micrograms/ml; FOM 6.25 micrograms/ml; and MINO 0.78 micrograms/ml. The ratio of highly resistant strains with MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml varied according to drug, and a difference tended to be seen in the degree of influence by resistant factors reflected upon MIC, e.g. drugs for which a high resistance of more than 50% was confirmed were ABPC, CXM, CZX, LMOX and TOB, and 20 approximately 30% MCIPC, CTM, CTX, CMX and CFX. MIC on MCIPC which has a correlation of structural activity with methicillin correlated with cephems (CEPs) resistance to a high degree, but many of the so-called new CEPs showed resistance even to the strains with a low MIC on MCIPC. It was assumed that CEPs resistant strains have multiple drug resistant factors based on the fact that such strains showed multiple drug resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

[In vitro susceptibilities of causative organisms isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin)].

The in vitro susceptibilities of various causative organisms recently isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (a formulation of amoxicillin, 2 parts, and potassium clavulanate, 1 part), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CDX) and cefroxadine (CXD) were determined. beta-Lactamase producing strains were detected by nitrocefin chromogenic method and PCG acidometric method. The frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase production in strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and K. pneumoniae was 92%, 18%, 36% and 98%, respectively. Against S. aureus strains with MIC values to AMPC of less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of less than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.39-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, while BRL 25000 required 12.5-100 micrograms/ml of concentrations for inhibition of the strains with MIC values to AMPC of greater than 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range less than 0.024-0.10 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which is much more active than CCL, CEX, CDX and CXD and slight less active than AMPC. Against H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.20-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which showed most potent activity among the agents tested. The activity of BRL 25000 against K. pneumoniae was approximately equal to that of CCL and superior to that of AMPC, CEX, CDX and CXD.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1985

[Distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. II].

In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents such as ABPC, SBPC, MPC, CEZ, CTM, CMZ, CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX, CPZ, CFS and GM against major clinical isolates, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa, was examined. In this paper, we will report the susceptibility of S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis during a three-year period, 1981 to approximately 1983. CEZ- and GM-resistant S. aureus has markedly increased and occupied 24% and 18%, respectively, in 1983. CMZ and CFS have showed potent activity against CEZ-resistant S. aureus. It seems that the abuse of third generation-cephems and new oral cephalosporins is closely related with the increase of cephems-resistant S. aureus. The penicillin- and cephem-resistant strains of S. pyogenes could not be found in our study. Quite a few strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis are resistant to penicillins, and also there is no appreciable change in susceptibility. Some strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis showed low susceptibility to CPZ, but all strains showed high susceptibility and no change in susceptibility to third generations, and these strains showed no tendency to decrease in susceptibility to GM.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Study of clinical bacteriological efficacy in a cefmenoxime ototopical solution].

One percent cefmenoxime (CMX) ototopical solution was administered to 302 patients with purulent otitis media and acute diffuse external otitis in open study fashion, and to 216 patients with purulent otitis media in double blind condition. From among the total of 518 cases various bacteria were detected, except 22 of negative detection after incubation and 3 of impossible determination. The main bacteria detected from the above 493 cases were S. aureus (242 strains = 49.1%), P. aeruginosa (105 strains = 21.3%), S. epidermidis (67 strains = 13.6%), Proteus spp. (indole positive) (31 strains = 6.3%) and P. mirabilis (24 strains = 4.9%) as well as anaerobic bacteria (26 strains = 5.3%). MIC of CMX against those bacteria detected was evaluated at 10(8) CFU/ml and 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, up to the concentration of 800 micrograms/ml, with MIC of cefazolin (CEZ), chloramphenicol (CP) and fradiomycin (FRM) as the references. With respect to the antibacterial action of CMX against S. aureus, MIC50 of CMX was inferior to that of CEZ by 4-fold, but its MIC80 and MIC90 are almost equivalent to those of CEZ. These results were obtained because there existed relatively few CMX highly resistant strains, while more than 20% strains are said to resist cephem antibiotics. As far as MIC of CMX against P. aeruginosa was concerned, the MIC reached its peak with 100 micrograms/ml at the concentration of 10(8) CFU/ml and with 25 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml, respectively, which indicated the real antibacterial value of CMX against P. aeruginosa. However, the strains which showed higher MIC of greater than 800 micrograms/ml were rather few, that is, only 8 out of 105 (7.6%). Antibacterial action of CMX against Streptococcus (except Enterococcus), GNR from intestinal bacteria and anaerobic bacteria was favorable, and the stable and strong antibacterial action was shown against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and Proteus spp. (indole positive) which produce chromosome mediated beta-lactamase. On the other hand, the antibacterial action of CMX against GNF-GNR except P. aeruginosa was unfavorable for P. cepacia, P. putida and A. xylosoxidans, but relatively favorable for A. calcoaceticus. As a result of MIC evaluation of reference drugs, S. aureus was resistant to CEZ, and Proteus spp. (indole-positive) was resistant to CP, while FRM was highly resisted by almost all strains of bacteria. However, the resistance rate of S. aureus to CP was relatively low, that is, as low as 16.1%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

[Distribution and changes in the susceptibility of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. III].

This report presents data concerning in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds with postoperative infection and exudate from superficial abscesses. There was a marked increase of resistant strains of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens to penicillins, CEPs or GM. The isolates of these species obtained in 1983 showed MIC values of 100 micrograms/ml or more for the so-called new CEPs (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ). The P. vulgaris isolates exhibited an increasing incidence of strains resistant to penicillins, and data on P. vulgaris isolates in 1983 indicated increase of strains resistant to CEPs. GM-resistant organisms were also noted to be increasing among the isolate of this species. The analysis did not reveal any appreciable change with calendar years among P. aeruginosa in respect of frequency of strains resistant to SBPC or CEPs (except CPZ). The data obtained in 1983, however, showed an indication of increasing incidence of organisms resistant to CPZ and GM. The increasing tendency of emergence of organisms resistant to new CEPs designed to expand activity against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and P. vulgaris, observed among the isolates of these species is considered probably to be the consequence of bacterial selective acquisition of R plasmid that carry drug resistant genes against CEPs. These are exactly reflected in the present data obtained in studies initiated in 1981 when the new CEPs became commonly prescribed in the daily clinics. It is concluded, accordingly, that organisms of these species resistant to CEPs have been increasing throughout the country.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Interreceptor junction in the double cone of the chicken retina.

The two elements of the double cones in the chicken retina (Gallus gallus domesticus) are joined by a specialized junction located at the level of the myoid of the principal cone and the perikaryon of the accessory cone, in close proximity to the outer limiting membrane. In thin sections, the plasma membranes of the two elements of the cones are seen to approach each other closely being separated by a cleft of 3 to 11 nm; short gap junctions are interposed. A layer of fine filamentous material is constantly present on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membranes. In replicas of freeze-fractured retinas the junction appears as a fascia composed of small polygonal gap junctions connected to one another by linear gap junctions. Solitary arrays of gap junctional particles are also present. In close proximity to the gap junctions the membrane matrix appears devoid of intramembrane particles. We conclude that the elements of the double cones are connected to one another by gap junctions with associated intermediate junction. The presence of gap junctions suggests that the two elements of the double cones are electrically coupled.

Animals↗