[Sleeve lobectomy by preserving bronchial arteries].
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Bronchi↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Nishimura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishimura.
[HLA as a marker gene in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis].
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Antimicrobial activities of sultamicillin against clinical isolates from upper respiratory tract infections].
Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a mutual prodrug in which ampicillin (ABPC) and a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam (SBT) are ester-bound in an equimolar ratio. SBTPC is hydrolyzed during absorption after oral administration to provide ABPC and SBT for systemic circulation. In the present study, the antimicrobial activities of SBTPC against 50 isolates each of 6 species (Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes) of bacteria freshly obtained from upper respiratory tract infections were examined in relation to their bacterial beta-lactamase producing abilities. beta-Lactamase producing strains were identified using the acidometry disc method with benzylpenicillin (PCG) of cefazolin (CEZ) as a substrate, and their frequencies of appearance were calculated as follows: S. aureus 86%; K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae 100%; B. catarrhalis 68%; H. influenzae 24%. Fourteen per cent of S. aureus strains examined were beta-lactamase positive using both PCG and CEZ acidometry discs. SBTPC, however, demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activities even against these beta-lactamase producing strains. Good activities were observed especially against those bacterial strains producing penicillinase (PCase). Average MIC80 values of SBTPC were 3.13 micrograms/ml for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, 0.39 micrograms/ml for B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae, 0.05 micrograms/ml for S. pneumoniae and 0.025 micrograms/ml for S. pyogenes. As SBTPC was shown to possess excellent antimicrobial activities against PCase producing strains, the enhancement in activities of SBTPC compared to ABPC alone can be attributed to the inhibition of beta-lactamase by SBT which, as noted above, is a component of SBTPC in an equimolar ratio to ABPC.
Acute Disease↗
[Antimicrobial activity of sultamicillin against clinical isolates from upper respiratory tract infections II].
In an attempt to examine the effect of sulbactam (SBT) on beta-lactamase activity, three hundred clinical isolates from the infected upper respiratory tract were tested for MICs and disk sensitivities of ampicillin (ABPC) and sultamicillin (SBTPC). beta-lactamase production was tested using the acidometry disk method (beta-Check, Taito Pfizer Co.). For strains such as Klebsiella spp. which form mucoid type colonies, we used the SS culture medium which, by reducing the influence of huge amounts of capsular material, allows a better reaction to the acidometry disk. Penicillinase, produced by Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp., etc. was detected clearly by direct application of portions of colonies onto acidometry disks. For cephalosporinase, however, a direct application of such fractions resulted in weak reactions. We, therefore, used fractions which had undergone the enzyme induction, and obtained better reactions. Sensitivities of tested bacteria to ABPC and SBTPC were inversely related to MIC values. beta-Lactamase-producing strains showed weaker sensitivity to ABPC than non-producing strains. To SBTPC, however, beta-lactamase-producing strains and non-producing strains showed very similar sensitivity. We thus confirmed that the inhibitory action of SBT to beta-lactamase can well be demonstrated using the disk sensitivity method.
Ampicillin↗
[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast].
A case of squamous cell breast carcinoma is presented. The patient was 31-year old woman with a complaint of a right breast mass. The tumor was found to measure 7.0 x 8.0 cm without any inflammatory signs, and was associated with a bloody nipple discharge. Lymph-node metastases of the ipsilateral axillary and supraclavicular nodes were noted, and metastasis to the fifth lumbar vertebrae also was seen. Because of a diagnosis graded T4bN3M1, stage IV, an extended radical mastectomy was performed. Histologically, the major portion of this tumor consisted of a squamous cell carcinoma with a minimal component of adenocarcinoma and accompanying keratinization. The patient died of this cancer 5 months after the operation.
Adult↗
[Results of thermoradiotherapy of deep-seated tumors and problems in the evaluating its effects].
The results of thermoradiotherapy for deep-seated tumors indicated that 15% of the affected patients achieved CR and that the response rate (CR plus PR) was 58%. However, in some of the tumors which did not regress sufficiently, no regrowth was observed during follow-up. Furthermore, post-treatment CT scan revealed low-density areas occupying as much as 80% of the tumor area in 4 of 13 PRb tumors and 5 of 15 NRs. The appearance of these remarkable low-density areas on CT might be specific to thermotherapy, since it is uncommon following radiation therapy alone. Fifteen PR or NR tumors were resected and subjected to histopathological examination. It was found that cancer cells remained mainly in the tumor periphery in 12 of the 15 tumors while none were present throughout the entire tumor in the remaining 3 (2 PRbs and one NR). It was concluded from these results that it was possible to achieve local tumor control following thermoradiotherapy not only in CR tumors but also in some PRs or NRs which might remain unchanged in size but show prominent low-density areas on CT scan during follow-up. Accordingly, this suggests that the effects of thermoradiotherapy for deep-seated tumors should be evaluated on the basis of not only tumor regression but also the appearance of these low-density areas on post-treatment CT.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Intracellular transport and processing of lysosomal cathepsin B.
Intracellular transport and processing of lysosomal cathepsin B was investigated in the subcellular fractions of rat liver by pulse-labeling experiments with [35S]methionine in vivo. A newly synthesized procathepsin B with a molecular weight of 39 kDa firstly appeared in the rough microsomal fraction at 10 min postinjection of label. This procathepsin B moved from the microsomal fractions to the Golgi subfractions at 30 min postinjection, and then a processed mature enzyme appeared in the lysosomal fraction at 60 min. These results suggest that the propeptide-processing of procathepsin B takes place in lysosomes in the course of intracellular transport from endoplasmic reticulum through Golgi complex to lysosomes.
Animals↗
Intracellular transport and processing of lysosomal cathepsin H.
Intracellular transport and processing of lysosomal cathepsin H was investigated in the subcellular fractions of rat liver by pulse-labeling experiments with [35S]methionine in vivo. A newly synthesized procathepsin H with a molecular weight of 41 kDa first appeared in the rough microsomal fraction at 10 min postinjection of label. This procathepsin H moved from the microsomal fraction to the Golgi subfractions at 30 min. Then a processed single-chain form with 28 kDa appeared in the lysosomal fraction at 60 min and persisted as the predominant form after 180 min. These results suggest that the propeptide-processing of procathepsin H indeed takes place in lysosomes in the course of intracellular transport from endoplasmic reticulum via Golgi complex to lysosomes.
Animals↗
Identification of a precursor form of cathepsin D in microsomal lumen: characterization of enzymatic activation and proteolytic.
A precursor form of cathepsin D with 45 kDa was demonstrated in the rat liver microsomal lumen by immunoblotting analysis. The microsomal fraction containing procathepsin D which passed through a pepstatin-Sepharose resin showed no appreciable activity of cathepsin D. The in vitro incubation of this fraction at pH 3.0 resulted in a gradual increase of proteolytic activity toward hemoglobin as substrate and also, the proteolytic conversion of procathepsin D to the mature form was concomitantly observed. The proteolytic processing step was sensitive to pepstatin. These results suggest that procathepsin D is inactive in the endoplasmic reticulum and may be converted to the active forms by autoproteolytic processing mechanism at acidic pH during biosynthesis.
Animals↗
[Histopathological changes in transplanted mouse tumor following hyperthermia and radiation].
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Animals↗
Development of the rhesus monkey retina: II. A three-dimensional analysis of the sequences of synaptic combinations in the inner plexiform layer.
The inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina provides a useful model for ultrastructural analysis of synaptic development. In primates, the IPL consists of numerous combinations of neuronal contacts that assume the morphological configuration of either conventional or ribbon synapses. We have determined the sequential development of these combinations by analyzing serial electron microscopic sections from fetal rhesus monkeys. Our analysis reveals an orderly emergence of various pre- and postsynaptic elements: (1) patches of dense filamentous membrane first appear on the dendrites of ganglion (G) cells; (2) membrane densities on ganglion cell dendrites then become apposed to amacrine (A) cell processes still lacking their own membrane densities and synaptic vesicles; (3) amacrine cell processes acquire membrane specializations associated with vesicles at the sites apposing ganglion cell dendrites, thereby establishing the first morphologically complete, A----G subtype of conventional synapse; (4) pairs of amacrine cell processes form A----A subtypes of conventional synapses; (5) next, monad ribbon synapses are established between bipolar (B) and ganglion or amacrine cell processes (B----G; B----A); (6) the three subclasses of dyad ribbon synapses (B----GG; B----GA; B----AA) are subsequently formed by the introduction of additional amacrine or ganglion cell processes in the dyad synapse; (7) concurrently, processes of some amacrine and interplexiform (I) cells form a feedback circuit with bipolar cell axons (A----B; I----B), thereby completing the synaptic microcircuitry of the IPL. Present findings provide evidence that the sequence of synaptic differentiation in the IPL proceeds from the postsynaptic to the presynaptic site. Furthermore, lateral interactions (A----G and A----A) are established prior to the formation of the "straight signal" pathway from photoreceptors (P) via bipolar cells to ganglion cells (P----B----G). Observed developmental events provide new insight into the order of establishment of local neuronal circuits in the primate retina.
Animals↗
[Radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma: analysis of annual cases in multi-institutes].
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Adult↗
In vitro biosynthesis of the lysosomal cathepsin H.
A lysosomal thiol protease cathepsin H has been synthesized in vitro and shown to undergo co-translational segregation into the lumen of microsomal vesicles. Using cell-free synthesis, a 36 K Da cathepsin H was found to be synthesized exclusively on membrane-bound polysomes. When the microsomal membrane were present during translation, a glycosylated 41 K Da proenzyme appeared in the microsomal lumen. This proenzyme was converted to a 34 K Da protein by endoglycosidase H treatment. These results suggest that the nascent chain of cathepsin H has a transient N-terminal prepropeptide.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors. I. Studies on thermometry.
The thermometry results of radiofrequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia for 60 deep-seated tumors in 59 patients are reported. Hyperthermia was administered regionally using two RF capacitive heating equipments which the authors have developed in cooperation with Yamamoto Vinyter Company Ltd., (Osaka, Japan). Intratumor temperatures were measured by thermocouples inserted through angiocatheters which were placed 5 cm to 12 cm deep into the tissues. Tumor center temperatures were measured for 307 treatments in all tumors; thermal distributions within tumors and surrounding normal tissues were obtained for 266 treatments of 53 tumors by microthermocouples. Thermometry results obtained were summarized as follows. A maximum tumor center temperature greater than 43 degrees C and 42 degrees C to 43 degrees C was obtained in 23 (38%) and 14 (23%) of the 60 tumors respectively. The time required to reach 43 degrees C in the tumor center was within 20 minutes after the start of hyperthermia in 87% of tumors heated to more than 43 degrees C. Temperature variations within a tumor exceeded 2 degrees C in 81% of tumors heated to more than 43 degrees C. The lowest tumor temperature greater than 42 degrees C was achieved in six of the 53 tumors (11%). Of 42 tumors in which temperatures of the subcutaneous fat, surrounding normal tissues, and the tumor center were compared, 24 (57%) showed the highest temperature in the tumor center and ten (24%) in the subcutaneous fat. When the heating efficacy was assessed in terms of a maximum tumor center, it great deal depended on the treatment site, tumor size, thickness of subcutaneous fat, and tumor type. Tumors in the head and neck, thorax, lower abdomen, and pelvis could be heated better than tumors in the upper abdomen. Greater heating efficacy was shown in patients with large, hypovascular tumors, and with the subcutaneous fat measuring less than 15 mm thick. The predominant limiting factor for power elevation was pain associated with heating. Systemic signs including increases in pulse rate and body temperature were not serious and seldom became limiting factors for power elevation. Our thermometry results indicate that the advantages of deep RF capacitive heating are its applicability to various anatomic sites and negligible systemic effects. The disadvantages are that its primary usefulness is limited to patients with thin subcutaneous fat and with large or hypovascular tumors.
Adult↗
Radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors. II. Effects of thermoradiotherapy.
Clinical effects and safety of radiofrequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy were evaluated in 40 patients with locally advanced deep-seated tumors. Hyperthermia was administered regionally with an 8-MHz or a 13.56-MHz RF heating device, once or twice a week after irradiation, four to 13 sessions total. Radiotherapy was delivered in fractions of 170 to 200 cGy a day, 5 days a week to 30 to 70 Gy to 33 patients, whereas the remaining seven patients received a total dose of 28 to 60 Gy in fractions of 400 cGy, twice a week. Six of the 40 tumors treated showed CR (100% regression), 6 PRa (80%-100% regression), 13 PRb (50%-80% regression), and 15 NR (less than 50% regression) when assessed by tumor size on computerized tomography (CT) scan. The tumor size before treatment was significantly smaller in CR + PRa tumors than in PRb + NR ones. TDF Time-dose fractionation (TDF) and number of heat treatments, however, did not differ significantly between the both tumors. Greater regression was observed in tumors heated to 41 to 43 degrees C in the maximum temperature than in tumors heated to below 41 degrees C or above 43 degrees C. The minimum tumor temperature was not related to the tumor regression. Posttreatment CT scan revealed remarkable low-density areas in 18 of the 34 tumors that did not regress completely. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated the low-density area to be massive coagulation necrosis and no malignant cell was observed in two tumors examined thoroughly. The types of low-density areas, which were classified according to its percent area in the tumor, correlated with the maximum and minimum tumor temperature. Most of the type III tumors (more than 80% low density) did not regrow in follow-up studies. Complications consisted of subcutaneous fat necrosis in four patients, local edema in four patients, and one abdominal abscess in one patient, all of which eventually resolved. These clinical results strongly suggest the usefulness of RF capacitive hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy for the treatment of refractory deep-seated tumors, and that intratumor low-density areas which appear on posttreatment CT seems to be a good parameter for assessing the tumor response to thermoradiotherapy.
Adult↗
Two types of conformers with distinct Fe-C-O configuration in the ferrous CO complex of horseradish peroxidase. Resonance Raman and infarared spectroscopic studies with native and deuteroheme-substituted enzymes.
The presence of at least two types of conformers in the ferrous CO complex of horseradish peroxidase has been demonstrated with the use of native and deuteroheme-substituted enzymes. Type I conformers, predominant in acidic pH, exhibited both an Fe-CO stretching and an Fe-C-O bending Raman line together with an infrared C-O stretch band below 1920 em-1. On the other hand, type II conformers, dominant species in alkaline pH, showed only an Fe-CO stretching Raman line with the C-O stretch above 1930 cm-1. They were interconvertible either by the changes in pH or by the binding of benzhydroxamate, a substrate for the enzyme. The pKa value for the pH-dependent interconversion of CO complex of deuteroheme-substituted enzyme was 8.3. These findings were interpreted to mean that the bound CO molecule in type I conformers was more tilted over the heme-plane than that in type II conformers. A steric hindrance by the bound substrate or the protonated form of a distal amino acid residue, presumably of histidine, is considered to be the cause for the isomerization. By summarizing present and previous data on the vibrational frequencies of heme-carbonyl complexes, we found that there are inverse-linear relationships between the square of Fe-CO and that of C-O stretching frequencies, while squares of Fe-CO stretching and Fe-C-O bending frequencies were linearly correlated with each other. Also found is that the dissociation rate constant of CO molecule from heme-carbonyl complexes is a linear function of the Fe-CO stretching frequency. The significance of these results is discussed.
Carbon Monoxide↗
Recombinant human-mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen.
A human-mouse chimeric antibody constructed in the present study was specific for a human tumor-associated antigen, common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen. The antibody consisted of human heavy and light chain constant domains (gamma 1 and kappa type) and mouse heavy and light chain variable domains, which were derived from human plasma cell leukemia line (ARH77) and mouse hybridoma cells (NL-1) specific for common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen, respectively. The artificially fused immunoglobulin molecules were produced in mouse myeloma cells, X63Ag8.653 which were transformed with the chimeric heavy and light chain genes formed by joining the corresponding gene segments in vitro at the J-C introns. The human heavy chain enhancer element was ligated tot he chimeric heavy and light chain genes, and this enhancer appeared to be obligatory for the efficient production of the chimeric antibody molecules. The stably transformed cells secreted the chimeric antibody, which specifically bound a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen expressing cell line. The amount of the chimeric antibody produced (10-30 micrograms/ml in the serum-free medium) was comparable to that made by murine hybridoma line, NL-1. The molecular weight of the chimeric heavy chain molecules was reduced from 54,000 to 50,000 upon treatment with tunicamycin, suggesting that the peptide was normally glycosylated in the transformants. The chimeric antibody exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity, in which glycosylation is thought to be indispensable. The antibody also mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to the human target cells. The antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity of the chimeric antibody was twice that of the murine NL-1 monoclonal antibody when human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as effectors.
Animals↗