Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishimoto.
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Human ultrafiltrated leukocyte extracts (MW less than 5000) were fractionated by Sephadex G-10 column chromatography and the effects of these fractions on leukocyte random locomotion were investigated in vitro. Fr-4, one of these fractions, had significant leukocyte random locomotion inhibitory activity, independent of the presence of mononuclear leukocytes. This inhibitory activity was not due to cytotoxic effects on leukocytes. As seen by scanning electron microscopy, the number of cell surface pseudopods on leukocytes incubated with Fr-4 was reduced. Fr-4A, one of three fractions separated from Fr-4 by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography, significantly inhibited leukocyte random locomotion. Fr-4A contained numerous components, one of which was identified as 2-deoxyribose, on the basis of thin-layer chromatography. Biologically 2-deoxyribose showed an inhibitory effect on leukocyte locomotion and a reduction of the extrusion of pseudopods on the surface of leukocytes, at the range of assayed concentrations. This inhibitory activity is probably derived from 2-deoxyribose.
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We will report the result obtained from sensitivity tests on various anti-cancer agents for malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors based on SDI (Succinic Dehydrogenase Inhibition Test) method with the use of enzymic activities as marker since 1976. Our study comprised 27 cases altogether 15 cases of osteosarcoma, one case each of Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant lymphoma, 3 cases of metastatic bone tumor and one case each of angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, 2 cases of metastatic lung tumor among soft-tissue sarcomas. In all cases, sensitivity tests were done on the tumor tissues according to SDI method at the same time as biopsy for the determination of the appropriate medications. Four to six weeks of pre-operative intra-arterial infusion was done followed by radical operation. The results obtained are as follows. Observing the long-term results between subjects that applied anti-cancer agents decided by sensitivity test and those without sensitivity test. The 5 years cumulative survival rate jumped from 30.5% to 50.5%, showing a clear improvement.
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An autopsy case of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the right lung in a 56-year-old man occupationally exposed to stone dust is presented. From open biopsy specimens in which polyhedral epithelium-like cells appeared arranged in nests, sheets, and trabecula without apparent tubular pattern, a malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected. At autopsy, the right pleural cavity was obliterated by the tumor mass which covered the collapsed pulmonary parenchyma and was clearly demarcated from it. The gross appearance of the tumor was similar to that of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Histologically, marked interstitial fibrosis of the subpleural parenchyma of both lungs was observed, and the tumor tissue was interspersed in the parenchyma adjacent to the tumor mass. The tumor showed both intracytoplasmic and intercellular positive materials with colloidal iron, alcian blue (pH 2.5), and toluidine blue stains, which entirely disappeared after streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. A small amount of intracytoplasmic PAS-positive material resistant to diastase digestion was also observed. Immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, which is said to be negative in malignant pleural mesothelioma, was positive intracellularly. There were no histologic findings indicating asbestos exposure. From these findings, the authors made a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was characterized by the production of hyaluronic acid.
Leukocyte components which can inhibit or enhance the uptake of 3H-thymidine by peripheral lymphocytes can be prepared by ultrafiltration of leukocyte extracts followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-10. A potent inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation is present in an ultrafiltrate fraction having a nominal molecular weight of 5,000-10,000. Three other components having inhibitory, and one component having enhancing, activity on lymphocyte transformation were found in an ultrafiltrate fraction having a molecular weight less than 5,000. The inhibitory components in the latter were principally derived from polymorphs and inhibited both T and B lymphocyte proliferation. Enhancing components were mainly derived from mononuclear cells and augmented the proliferation of T cells only.
Changes in natural killer (NK) cell, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and interferon activities after administration of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) to a group of subjects with high risk of lung cancer (retired workers of the Okunojima poison gas factory) were studied. No difference in NK cell activity against K-562 derived from chronic myelogeneous leukemia was observed among normal controls, non N-CWS-injected workers and N-CWS-injected workers. None of the normals or N-CWS-injected retired workers showed low NK cell activity (less than 10% cytotoxicity), but among the non N-CWS-injected workers 6.3% showed reduced activity. Following injection of N-CWS, NK cell activity against K-562 and T-24 derived from bladder cancer was significantly elevated by the second week and then gradually reverted to the preinjection level. When a second injection was administered at the twelfth week, a similar elevation was noted. Further, a significant increase was noted in ADCC activity two weeks after N-CWS injection. There was a significant elevation of interferon at the second week after N-CWS injection. It was considered that N-CWS affects the NK cell activity enhancement by serum interferon.
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A total of 36 cases with small cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with Ifosfamide. Fourteen cases (38.9%) out of 36 cases showed good or marked clinical response, and 120 mg/kg of Ifosfamide was necessary as a minimum dose to obtain effective response. As side effects of Ifosfamide, gastrointestinal disturbance (66.7%), depilation (66.7%), leukopenia (38.9%) and hematuria (36.1%) were observed. Mean survival time (M.S.T.) was prolonged by using Ifosfamide, comparing with the groups treated by with other anticancer drugs. Ifosfamide, therefore, should be used for the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung.