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Biomedical subjects

Y Nishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishimoto.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Almitrine enhances in low dose the reactivity of pulmonary vessels to hypoxia.

Almitrine bismesylate (Alm) has been shown to increase arterial oxygen tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This effect is though to be attributable to the enhancement of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We evaluated the effect of various doses of Alm on HPV in terms of blood flow diversion associated with anoxic challenge to the left lower lobe (LLL) in dogs with the LLL and the rest of the lung separately ventilated. The stimulus-response curve shifted to the right with increasing rate of Alm infusion, suggesting that Alm enhances the reactivity of the pulmonary vessels to hypoxia. Low doses of Alm enhanced HPV, while higher doses attenuated it. This suggests that the degree of vasoconstriction in hypoxic and non-hypoxic regions depends on the dose of Alm. The same effects of Alm were also observed in peripheral chemoreceptor denervated dogs. It is supposed that the vasoconstriction induced by Alm may be attributable to a direct effect on pulmonary vessels rather than to a nervous reflex effect.

Almitrine↗
PubMed1988

Sensitivity and accuracy in recording His-Purkinje activity by surface-averaged electrocardiography.

A clinical evaluation of the surface-averaged ECG (SAE) to record His-Purkinje activity (HPA) was made on 70 patients who underwent His bundle electrograms (HBE). The recorded signals first judged as HPA in 43 patients by the noninvasive method alone were later verified in 37 patients by HBE; the accuracy of the HPA recordings (predictive value) was 86.0%. The HPA-V interval measured noninvasively had a high correlation with the HV interval by HBE (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01). The verified detection rate in all 70 patients was 52.9%: HPA was detected in 12 of 18 patients (66.7%) with sclerotic and hypertensive heart disease (Group I), five of 19 patients (26.3%) with rheumatic heart disease (Group II), 11 of 17 patients (64.7%) with congenital heart disease (Group III), and nine of 16 patients (56.2%) with miscellaneous conditions (Group IV). The detection rate was markedly lower in Group II than in other groups (Group II vs Group I or III, p less than 0.025). The PR segment was significantly longer in the patients in whom HPA was detected than in those in whom it was not detected (71.5 +/- 22.3 msec vs 43.9 +/- 19.5 msec, p less than 0.001). His-Purkinje activity (HPA) was detected in 32 of 52 recordings (61.5%) with sinus rhythm and seven of 20 recordings (35.0%) with atrial fibrillation, including two recordings in each of two cardioverted patients (p less than 0.05). We conclude that the surface-averaged ECG (SAE) has clinically acceptable sensitivity and accuracy except in patients with rheumatic heart disease, short PR segments or atrial fibrillations.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed1988

[Adult neuroblastoma of the adrenal with intraatrial tumor thrombus: report of a case].

A case of adult neuroblastoma of the right adrenal with tumor thrombus extending into the right atrium is reported. Because of right heart failure, the tumor thrombus in the right atrium was removed under the cardiopulmonary bypass. The histopathological examination of the tumor thrombus revealed neuroblastoma. Fourteen days after the first operation, the adrenal tumor, right kidney and tumor thrombus remaining in the vena cava were removed to prevent the recurrence of right heart failure. Two courses of chemotherapy and radiation were given postoperatively and the patient was doing well. Eight months after the second operation, however, the patient died of multiple metastases of the bone and liver.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Flow imaging of the cardiovascular system using magnetic resonance imaging].

Blood flow images by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 0.25 T unit were evaluated for nine normal volunteers and 108 subjects with a variety of cardiovascular abnormalities. Using the non-gated short-spin echo (SE) technique, blood flow in the cardiovascular systems was not imaged in the normal volunteers. Using end-systolic and end-diastolic SE techniques for the normal subjects, blood flow in the cardiac chambers was not clearly imaged. Blood flow in the ascending aorta and aotric arch often did not appear in the gated SE images of the normal subjects. However, blood flow in the descending aorta was often observed in the gated SE images. Blood flow imaging was demonstrated by both non-gated and gated SE techniques in regions where blood flow was relatively slow; for example, in the left atrium of mitral stenosis, in an aortic aneurysm, in a false lumen of an aortic dissection, and in the left ventricle having old myocardial infarction. Using the non-gated inversion recovery (IR) technique, no blood flow was imaged in the cardiovascular system except in the left atrium of one case with mitral stenosis. Using the non-gated short SE technique, there was good correlation between the thrombus formation and the presence of blood flow images in the left atria of 17 patients with mitral stenosis, and in the aneurysmal portions of the aorta or in the false lumens of aortic dissection of 18 patients. It was suggested that mural thrombi in such diseases were related to the relatively slow blood flow. Blood flow imaging easily distinguished stagnant blood flow from mural thrombi using non-gated short SE, end-systolic SE, and IR techniques. Thus, blood flow imaging using MRI should become an important means of evaluating the cardiovascular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Deformity of the cardiac structures in patients with mitral valve prolapse: the relationship with flat chest].

In view of the close relationship of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and chest deformity, seven patients of MVP associated with flat chest were echocardiographically evaluated, and the results were compared with those of 43 normal control subjects, 29 cases with flat chest, and patients with MVP either of the anterior (25 cases) or posterior (21 cases) leaflet. MVP associated with flat chest was observed in the anterior leaflet in all cases. MVP was related to the dislocation of the two mitral leaflets caused by the displaced posterior mitral ring observed by two-dimensional echocardiography. The transition type was observed among the cases with or without dislocation of the mitral ring in cases with flat chest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia with systemic plasmacytosis.

An autopsy case of hepatitis associated aplastic anemia was presented. A 58-year-old Japanese female with non-A, non-B hepatitis was admitted on August 2, 1983. Moderate grade of fever and hemorrhagic diathesis appeared on September 16, when hepatitis was evaluated as being under resolving. The peripheral blood and bone marrow findings were consistent with aplastic anemia. Since infection was suggested by increased levels of serum gammaglobulin and CRP, treatment with antibiotics as well as prednisolone and blood transfusion was initiated. Since September 21, gradual tenderness and edema on the right lower abdominal wall appeared. She died on October 3. On postmortem examination, systemic plasmacytosis with lymphadenopathy and septic monilial infection was revealed. Numerous plasma cells were atypical, but were immunohistochemically proved to be polyclonal. The bone marrow showed a massive and diffuse plasma cell proliferation with extremely scarce myeloid cells and megakaryocytes. There was a large granulomatous lesion with monilial infection in the wall of the ileocecum. By these findings, systemic plasmacytosis was suspected to be due to chronic monilial infection. The pathogenesis of systemic plasmacytosis in aplastic anemias and in other diseases were discussed with relation to the present case.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1987

Murine DNA polymerase beta gene: mapping of transcription initiation sites and the nucleotide sequence of the putative promoter region.

The nucleotide sequence of the region (total, 2,512 base pairs [bp]) from intron 2 to the 5'-flanking region was determined for the mouse DNA polymerase beta genomic clone, and the 300-bp region from intron 1 to the 5'-flanking region was also sequenced for the rat clone. At 51 bp upstream from the ATG codon which was previously suggested to be the translation initiation codon for the rat cDNA sequence, we found another ATG in the same reading frame in both mouse and rat genes. Three major transcription initiation sites (cap sites) each for rat and mouse DNA polymerase beta mRNAs were localized precisely by primer extension analysis at 51, 41, and 0 bp upstream from the first ATG codon, suggesting that this codon is used for translation initiation. The 400-bp region around exon 1 was extremely G + C rich (about 70%). Although neither a TATA box nor a CAAT box was found within the 500-bp region upstream of the 5'-most cap site, triple repeats of 5'-CCGCCC were found within the 100-bp region flanking the cap site.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Three-dimensional vectorcardiography (3-D VCG) by computer graphics in old myocardial infarction.

By using computer graphics we rotated the vector loop and three coordinate axes to find the viewpoint where the infarctional changes are maximally exposed and demonstrated the advantage of the "3-D VCG" over the conventional VCG by defining the quantitative "MI index." The orthogonal electrocardiogram recorded by the Frank lead system was digitally measured and processed by a microcomputer. The loops and axes were rotated about the X axis (X-rot) and the Y axis (Y-rot). The spatial vector loop and orthogonal coordinates can be presented as viewed from any spheric direction. Eight quadrants were illustrated with four colors and red circles. The subjects consisted of 30 patients with old anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and 15 patients with old inferior MI. We measured the area of "Bite" in anterior MI and superior displacement in inferior MI. The MI index was defined and averaged in 361 directions. In anterior MI, the maximum mean index was obtained when X-rot is +90 degrees and Y-rot -40 degrees, viewed from upward and leftward, whereas in inferior MI it was obtained when X-rot is -50 degrees and Y-rot -80 degrees, viewed from downward and leftward. These values were significantly higher than those in conventional VCG projections, substantiating superior diagnostic sensitivity of 3-D VCG.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Initial basic and clinical evaluation of a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for sialyl SSEA-1 antigen: 1. Evaluation of assay conditions and normal values].

We describe a solid-phase immunoradiometric sandwich assay method for a new tumor marker, sialyl SSEA-1 (sialyl LeX-i), using RIA kits (prepared by Otsuka Assay Laboratories). The assay required only duplicate 20-microliter samples, and the concentration of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen in serum was determined with reference to a standard curve ranging from 0 to 224 arbitrary unit/ml. The intra- and inter-assay reproducibilities and analytical recovery of antigen were excellent. The cut-off value (38 unit/ml) was obtained as mean + 2SD, which was calculated from the antigen concentration in sera from 1,105 healthy individuals. Also described are the alterations of normal values by age, sex, and Lewis blood group status.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

[Initial basic and clinical evaluation of a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for sialyl SSEA-1 antigen: 2. Evaluation of clinical significance].

The clinical significance of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen was evaluated using the sera of 1261 patients with malignant tumors and 717 patients with non-malignant diseases measured with Otsuka Assay Laboratories' RIA Kits. The results indicate that the antigen was frequently elevated in the sera from the patients with various adenocarcinomas, including lung (45%), pancreas (64%) and ovary (57%). The false positive incidence of antigens in the sera from the patients with non-malignant disorders was as low as 4.9%. No correlation was observed with other tumor markers examined in this study, and the diagnostic efficiency increased significantly by the combined determination of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen level with other markers. The serial determination of the serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen level has a clinical utility also in monitoring the patients with adenocarcinoma receiving surgical operation and/or chemotherapy as indicated by the results of the longitudinal observation of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiological studies of lung cancer in Japanese mustard gas workers.

Until the end of the Second World War, a poison gas manufacturing plant was operating on Okunojima, an island in the Seto Inland Sea. Of the gases produced there, mustard gas and Lewisite were found to be associated with various malignant tumors including lung cancer. The mortality rate for lung cancer in workers directly or indirectly involved in the production of poison gas was significantly higher than that of workers not involved in the production there. Lung cancer caused by poison gas was characterized by the following features: it was found as a central pulmonary carcinoma and was distributed from the upper airway to the hilar region. Squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma predominated, whereas adenocarcinoma and other types were rare. Retired workers who had been engaged in the manufacture of mustard gas were found to have depressed immunological competence. We therefore started to enhance immunological competence with the use of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) in order to prevent carcinogenesis. To date, no conclusion has been reached on its effectiveness in preventing carcinogenesis, however, we do expect it to be effective.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between hyperinsulinemia and risk factors of atherosclerosis.

In order to study the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis, an examination was made on the relationship of hyperinsulinemia to the risk factors of atherosclerosis, using as subjects a total of 2,927 composed of Japanese resident in Hawaii and Los Angeles and Japanese resident in Hiroshima whose age ranged from 40 to 79 and who underwent oral glucose tolerance test in our Hawaii-Los Angeles-Hiroshima medical study between 1978 and 1982. The subjects were classified into five groups of comparable size according to fasting insulin level, studied on the various risk factors of atherosclerosis in each group. The results of this study showed that the hyperinsulinemia group had in comparison with the four other groups a higher mean body mass index, mean serum total cholesterol value and mean serum triglyceride value, and further had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ECG abnormalities, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, the mean serum HDL-cholesterol value was lower in the hyperinsulinemia group than in the other four groups. A similar examination was made with subgroups with normal body weight, and almost the same results were obtained. The above results suggest that hyperinsulinemia is rather strongly implicated in the development of atherosclerosis via a number of relationships though not specifically indicating that hyperinsulinemia independently is a risk factor of atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Combination chemotherapy of cisplatin, vincristine and peplomycin for patients with head and neck carcinoma].

The effectiveness of combined CDDP chemotherapy with other anticancer drugs in patients with head and neck carcinoma was investigated. The response rate for COP therapy (CDDP, Vincristine, Peplomycin) was better than those for CDDP administration only or CP (CDDP Peplomycin) therapy for carcinomas of the head and neck. Forty-seven cases treated with COP therapy, were analyzed in detail. (1) Non-treated fresh cases showed a better response than recurrent cases. In other words, the induction chemotherapy is useful. (2) The grade of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma had no correlation with the response. (3) No relationship between the primary site and the respose rate was detected. (4) Nephrotoxicity was considered to be the dose-limiting factor of CDDP therapy. COP therapy did not show any remarkable side effects. COP chemotherapy is therefore concluded to be effective for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Adult↗