Biomedical subjects

Y Nishikawa

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishikawa.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Antiallergic activity and mode of action of N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(6-methyl-3- pyridyl)acrylamide in experimental animals.

Antiallergic effects of AL-3264 (N-[4-[4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-3-(6-methyl-3- pyridyl)acrylamide, CAS 118420-47-6) were compared with those of ketotifen, oxatomide, azelastine and tranilast in experimental animals. AL-3264 inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats with an ED50 value of 6.1 mg/kg p.o. In inhibiting PCA, AL-3264 was the most potent among the antiallergic drugs examined. The anti-PCA effect of AL-3264 was long-lasting. Tolerance was not produced by repeated administration of AL-3264. AL-3264 inhibited antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in actively sensitized rats and in passively sensitized guinea pigs, with ED50 values of 14.5 and 0.44 mg/kg p.o., respectively. In the in vitro experiments, AL-3264 inhibited 5-lipoxygenase activity of guinea pig leukocytes with an IC50 value of 4.9 mumol/l, being the most potent among antiallergic drugs examined, and suppressed the antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells with an IC50 value of 12.2 mumol/l. AL-3264 antagonized histamine-induced contractions in isolated guinea pig trachea with an IC50 value of 0.16 mumol/l. These results suggest that AL-3264 is an orally active, potent and long-lasting antiallergic compound which inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity, histamine release and histamine H1 receptors at the similar concentrations.

Acrylamides↗

PubMed1993

[Characteristics of the EOG potential changes generated by saccadic eye movements of large amplitude].

The time curve of the electrooculogram (EOG) as applied to clinical diagnosis is measured as the changes in the standing potentials around the eyes when a subject performs saccadic eye movements of constant amplitude. If the characteristics of these potential changes caused by the eye movements are known, the time curves of EOG can be derived from the potential changes generated by saccadic eye movements of random amplitude, by transforming the measured potentials into the exact values corresponding to the constant amplitudes of saccades. We have already reported that the characteristic curves of EOG are proportional to the angles of the eye movements within +/- 20. However, Fenn and Hursh reported that the characteristics of saccadic eye movements for larger amplitudes up to about 80 degrees were sinusoidal functions. Other workers have reported linear relations of the characteristics of EOG. In this report we attempted to clarify whether the characteristics of EOG were linear or sinusoidal. From our experiments it became clear that the characteristics of EOG could be approximated to straight lines up to about 80 degrees (visual angle).

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Verrucous carcinoma of the penis: a case report and MRI findings].

A 54-year-old male visited our cancer center with the chief complaint of penile tumor in May, 1992. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a penile tumor and showed that this tumor invaded the submucosa but neither corpora cavernosa nor corpus spongiosum. Partial penectomy was performed in June, 1992. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor showed verrucous carcinoma. MRI was useful to investigate the degree of invasion of the penile tumor.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed1993

[The correlation between changes in EEG and eye movement (EOG) accompanied by lowered arousal level].

We investigated the correlation between the components of spontaneous eye movement (EOG) and EEG in six healthy individuals. The study was conducted in three periods; from the resting to drowsy stage, from the drowsy to spontaneous awakening stage, and in the forced waking stage. EEG, as registered from bipolar electrodes attached between the left parietal region (P3) and the left occipital region (O1), was monitored continuously by the FFT method with a segment of 12.8 seconds. Rapid eye movement and slow eye movement were observed simultaneously. In conclusion, even when the arousal level varies considerably, there is a close correlation between frequency of rapid eye movement and EEG patterns of 10.16 integral of 10.94 Hz & 17.97 integral of 19.53 Hz (simple correlation p < 0.01). Additionally, during the forced waking period (after stage 2), delta and theta bands increased in cases along with sleepiness. Even if the depth of sleep was the same, one's mood upon awakening was determined by the frequency of slow waves before awakening.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Resistance to anticoagulant activity of heparin in a patient for cardiac surgery].

Resistance to anticoagulant activity of heparin was observed in a patient for cardiac surgery. The activated coagulation time (ACT) was maintained over 300 seconds with additional doses of heparin which mounted to the total of 29 ml in 3 hours during cardiopulmonary bypass. Although antithrombin-III activity was not measured in this case, the heparin resistance might have been caused by the decrease in the activity of antithrombin-III which might have resulted from the preoperative malnutrition, infection of urinary tract and/or institution of intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP).

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗

PubMed1992

Characterization of a Xenopus laevis skin peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase expressed in insect-cell culture.

The C-terminal amide structure of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters is synthesized via a two-step reaction catalyzed by peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) and peptidylhydroxyglycine N-C lyase. A Xenopus laevis PHM expressed in insect-cell culture by the baculovirus-expression-vector system was purified to homogeneity and characterized. Using a newly established assay system for PHM, the kinetic features of this enzyme were investigated. As expected, the enzyme required copper ions, L-ascorbate and molecular oxygen for turnover. Salts like KI and KCl, and catalase stabilized the enzyme in the presence of L-ascorbate. The optimum pH value for the enzyme reaction was around six when Mes buffer was used and around seven when phosphate buffer was used under the same assay condition. Below pH 6, acetate, iodide and chloride ions activated the reaction. The kinetic analysis is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism with respect to peptide and L-ascorbate, and the peptide showed substrate inhibition. The substrate specificity of the enzyme at the penultimate position was examined by competitive assay using tripeptides with glycine at the C-termini and the inhibitory potency of these peptides in descending order was methionine > aromatic > non-polar amino acids.

Acetates↗

PubMed1992

Cellulose acetate electrophoretic determination of bone alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy subjects and diabetic patients with and without osteopenia.

We adapted the electrophoretic method of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) determination using neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae to separate bone and liver ALP on cellulose acetate membrane. Treatment of separator plus serum (1:8, neuraminidase 111 U/l in final) for 10 min at room temperature (25 +/- 1 degree C) and subsequent electrophoresis made it possible to quantify bone ALP activity simply and rapidly. The precision of the data was at the level of CV of 1.6% (within-day) and 4.7% (day-to-day), with recovery rates of 97-103%. The normal range of bone ALP activity depended on age and sex. Seventy-eight diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, excluding those with renal failure, were divided into two groups of those with and without osteopenia with matching of age (+/- 3 years) and sex. Bone ALP (P < 0.001) and total ALP (P < 0.05) activities and urine calcium/creatinine ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in DM with osteopenia than in DM without osteopenia. Therefore, bone formation and absorption may be accelerated in DM with osteopenia in comparison with DM without osteopenia.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Pure sensory stroke resulting from thalamic haemorrhage.

Pure sensory stroke has not previously been reported with thalamic haemorrhage and had indeed been considered to exclude cerebral haemorrhage. We describe a case of thalamic haemorrhage causing a pure sensory stroke and propose that we should bear in mind the possibility of haemorrhage in such cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Retrograde cerebral perfusion with circulatory arrest in aortic arch aneurysms.

Two surgical cases of aortic arch aneurysms are presented. Retrograde (venoarterial) cerebral perfusion during circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia was performed to evacuate air and debris in cerebral vessels and preserve cerebral tissue. On postoperative day 1, the patients were conscious and alert with no neurological deficit. This technique is simple and can be applied during standard cardiopulmonary bypass. The technique is useful to avoid cerebral air and thromboembolisms.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Inhibitory effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on angiogenesis induced by human endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on angiogenesis induced by endometrial cancer and to elucidate the possible mechanisms by which it inhibits the growth of the cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tumors were obtained from 29 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, and angiogenesis was assayed in corneas of white rabbits. RESULTS: Transplantation of tumor tissues into rabbit corneas induced angiogenesis in 70.4% of the corneas, but their transplantation with a pellet of medroxyprogesterone acetate induced angiogenesis in only 21.5% of the corneas. This compound also inhibited angiogenesis induced by acidic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of angiogenesis may be one mechanism by which medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibits the growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma, and its inhibition of neovascularization induced by adenocarcinoma may be through its direct action on endothelial cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

Transurethral treatment of bladder diverticulum.

Transurethral resection of the bladder diverticular neck and fulguration of the diverticular mucosa were performed in 31 diverticula. Cystograms showed that 26 of the 31 diverticula had disappeared completely after 1 month. Follow-up cystograms have shown no recurrence, and no further surgical procedures were required. Therefore, we conclude that resection of the diverticular neck from 4 to 8 o'clock to even the gap between the bladder mucosa and diverticular wall in conjunction with transurethral treatment of the prostate, if required, is a safe, fast and effective method.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

The role of Kupffer cells in complement activation in D-Galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury of rats.

To investigate the role of Kupffer cells in complement activation, we used a rat model of acute hepatic injury induced by D-Galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In in vivo study, minimal histological changes were observed after i.p. GalN (200 mg/kg) single administration. Complement hemolytic activity (CH 50) decreased to 70% of its initial value 2-3 h after i.p. LPS (1.5 mg/kg) single administration. Massive hepatic necrosis was induced by simultaneous administration of GalN and LPS. After 2-3 h, CH 50 decreased to 70% of its initial value, and deposition of C3 fluorescence (C3) was observed in Kupffer cells. After 4 h, GPT was greatly increased (1286 +/- 240 IU/l), CH 50 was further reduced, and C3 was observed on hepatocyte membranes and in the cytosol. In in vitro study, we used hepatocyte cultures and co-cultures of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells to investigate the participation of GalN, LPS, complement, and Kupffer cells in hepatic cell necrosis. We found no increase of LDH (% leakage) when LPS and complement were added to the medium (22.7 +/- 5.7%). A moderate increase was observed with the addition of GalN (33.2 +/- 2.6%). A remarkable increase was observed only with the addition of GalN, LPS, and complement to the co-culture (50.0 +/- 8.8%). These results suggest that Kupffer cells activated by LPS are very important in promoting acute hepatic injury by complement.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1992

[Percutaneous renal cyst puncture and ethanol instillation].

Under ultrasound guidance 79 simple renal cysts in 65 patients were punctured and aspirated with our contrivance, a 5 Fr single J catheter on a 19 gauge needle. Forty-eight renal cysts were successfully punctured, that is, they had no bloody fluid and did not have any leakage of contrast medium. These cysts were instilled with absolute ethanol for 5 minutes. To follow up the patients, consecutive observation was done by sonography or CT every three months. Ethanol-instilled renal cysts were more markedly reduced (reduction rate: 93 +/- 17%) than not-instilled cysts (reduction rate: 32 +/- 28%). Thus, ethanol-instillation was useful in the reduction of renal cysts. After the puncture of cysts, hematuria disappeared in most patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Metastatic bladder tumor from gastric carcinoma: a case report].

A 63-year-old man with a two-month history of nocturia and dysuria consulted his family doctor. As renal dysfunction and bilateral hydronephrosis were indicated, he was admitted to our hospital on November 28, 1988. Cystoscopy revealed a non-papillary and flat tumor from the ureteral orifice to the back wall of the bladder. A biopsy of the bladder wall revealed signet-ring cell carcinoma. A metastatic bladder tumor was suspected and laboratory tests of tumor markers showed a carcinoembryonic antigen value (CEA) of 1,000 ng/ml and CA19-9 of 12,210 U/ml. Upper gastrointestinal examination revealed carcinomatosis involving the stomach. A biopsy specimen of the stomach revealed the same pathological finding as the bladder wall. A metastatic bladder tumor was confirmed. The patient died of pulmonary emboli on December 11, 1988.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1992

[Vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in two patients with hyperparathyroidism and a patient with hypoparathyroidism].

Vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade was evaluated in two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in a patient with hypoparathyroidism. A 39 year old male with typical primary hyperparathyroidism was scheduled for surgical removal of the parathyroid adenoma. Serum levels of calcium and ionized calcium were 15.0 mg.dl-1 and 1.95 mmol.l-1, respectively. A 44 year old female suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism was also scheduled for surgical removal of the adenoma. Serum levels of calcium and ionized calcium were 12.5 mg.dl-1 and 1.51 mmol.l-1, respectively. A 63 year old male, suffering from postoperative secondary hypoparathyroidism and treated with calcium, was scheduled for surgical removal of the recurrent pharyngeal cancer. Serum levels of calcium and ionized calcium were 9.0 mg.dl-1 and 1.15 mmol.l-1, respectively. Anesthesia was induced with thiamylal 4-5 mg.kg-1 and vecuronium 0.08 mg.kg-1 and was maintained with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and fentanyl in all three patients. Neuromuscular blockade following the administration of vecuronium was measured by a big toe abduction evoked by supramaximal stimulation of the tibial nerve (Myograph 2000, Biometer, Denmark). In order to evaluate the effect of serum calcium level on vecuronium neuromuscular blockade, ten patients with normal serum levels of calcium, were examined in the same fashion. In only one patient with hyperparathyroidism, whose serum calcium was 15.0 mg.dl-1, the onset and the duration of vecuronium were later and shorter than those of other patients with normal serum levels of calcium. In conclusion, we should pay attention to the antagonistic responses to vecuronium in patients with severely high levels of serum calcium.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[The relation between saccadic eye movements and electrooculogram during light and dark adaptations].

The relation between the amplitudes of saccadic eye movements and the resting potential changes detected around human eyeballs under light and dark adaptations was clarified by means of simultaneous measurements of electrooculogram (EOG) and eye movements. The authors previously reported that the potential changes are proportional to the horizontal saccadic eye movements within +/- 15 degrees (visual angle) under conditions of the room light of approximately 60 lux. There are few reliable data indicative of the presence of the above relations under light and dark adaptations. The result of the simultaneous measurements of EOG and eye movements during the light and dark adaptation at 2-minute intervals in 9 normal subjects showed that the resting potential changes were in direct proportion of the amplitudes of the saccadic eye movements at any time within +/- 20 degrees. In these experiments, the eye positions were monitored with the eye mark recorder during the eye movements. In case the eye positions excursioned from a target, the exact EOG was calculated by measuring eye positions and correcting the EOG errors.

Adaptation, Ocular↗

PubMed1992

[Retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma: a case report].

A case of retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma is reported. A 51-year-old man was referred to our hospital for the evaluation and treatment of right flank pain and hydronephrosis. Intravenous urography (DIP) and retrograde pyelography revealed the stricture in the middle portion of the right ureter. Ureteroscopy revealed no mucosal lesions. Computed tomography revealed the paraureteric mass lesion. Partial ureterectomy, mass resection and uretero-ureterostomy were performed. Then a double J stent was left in place for 6 weeks. The stricture was due to a yellowish mass adhered to the right side of the ureter. The resected mass measured 1.0 x 2.0 x 1.0 cm. The histopathological diagnosis was xanthogranuloma. The patient is in good health without recurrence 4 months after the surgery.

Granuloma↗

PubMed1992

Reduction of urinary oxalate by combined calcium and citrate administration without increase in urinary calcium oxalate stone formers.

Oxalic acid seems to play a far greater role in the formation of calcium oxalate stone than calcium. Three grams of calcium lactate and 3 g of sodium potassium citrate were administered to 46 urolithiasis patients, whose stones were mainly composed of calcium oxalate. Urinary oxalate level was reduced significantly without raising urinary calcium level by the administration of the two drugs for two weeks. The reduction of urinary oxalic acid was particularly remarkable in patients without hypercalciuria. The mechanism of action of these drugs was discussed.

Adult↗