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Biomedical subjects

Y Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishida.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Evidence of the direct interaction between spontaneously occurring anti-factor VIII autoantibody and intravenous immunoglobulin.

A previously normal female (39-year-old) who developed anti-factor VIII autoantibodies experienced massive and prolonged bleeding after the emergency operation for intramuscular hemorrhage in her left calf. Administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, 400 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days, decreased the antibody titer from 115 Bethesda units/ml (B U/ml) to 17 B U on the third day after the treatment. However, it again returned spontaneously to the original level there-after. In vitro studies using plasma from the patient were done to investigate the role of intravenous immunoglobulin. The autoantibody bound to an affinity column (intravenous immunoglobulin coupled CN-Br Sepharose 4B) and was eluted as a single peak. These results suggested that intravenous immunoglobulin directly interacted with auto-factor VIII antibody. This interaction might be involved in the in vivo decrease of antibody titer.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in myoglobin localization in the skeletal muscle of neuromuscular diseases demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy].

The changes of myoglobin localization in the skeletal muscle cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy (MyD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. In normal skeletal muscle cells, myoglobin was found in I band, Z line, mitochondrial outer membrane and inner membrane structures of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tube. In contrast, the myoglobin staining of the I bands in degenerative muscle-cells of DMD and MyD was found rather diminished, and A bands, intraluminal spaces of the inner membrane system and intermyofibrillar spaces were myoglobin positive. Moreover, the I band of a myofibril which slipped out of other normally arranged myofibrils showed no myoglobin staining, but the distended intermyofibrillar spaces adjacent to the slipped myofibril showed a definite staining. In addition, there were dilated sarcoplasmic reticula showing the staining in their lumina, but the I bands neighboring them revealed a diminished staining. In DMD muscle, no staining was found in opaque fibers and some small sized fibers. In ALS muscle, myoglobin was usually positive in the I bands, but the small angulated fibers showed a variable staining. In the target fibers, central zone was not stained but intermediate zone showed altered myoglobin localization. These data indicate that (1) myoglobin localization in the muscle cells varies depending on the sorts of diseases and the grades of muscle cell degeneration, (2) myoglobin in dystrophic muscles fluxes from the muscle cells to extracellular spaces through the dilated sarcoplasmic reticula, T tubes and intermyofibrillar spaces, and (3) in DMD muscle, myoglobin also fluxes directly through the deteriorated plasma membrane in opaque fibers or through the plasma membrane altered due to dystrophin deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Mammary fibroadenoma showing osseous metaplasia: a case report].

Discussed is a 33-year-old premenopausal woman who noted a mass in her right breast. On palpation, the tumor was determined as being 3.5 x 2.5 cm in size, well circumscribed, of a firm consistency, and freely movable. Mammography showed a well-defined oval lesion which contained a coarse calcification in the upper external quadrant. An ultrasound study revealed a well-defined oval low echoic lesion with a high echoic portion in the internal echo. The tumor was extirpated and a gross inspection found it to be an ordinary fibroadenoma, 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.5 cm in size. Histologically the lesion was a hyalinized fibroadenoma showing osseous metaplasia. A review of the literature has not revealed cases of a benign breast tumors showing an osseous and/or cartilagenous metaplasia. Notable however is that many reports show mammary osteosarcomas as originating from a fibroadenoma. Thus, this tumor also might have possibly developed into a osteosarcoma.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

[Possibility of performing a modified operation on the depressed type early gastric carcinoma].

To study of the possibility of performing a modified operation in cases of a depressed early gastric carcinoma, we have investigated the possibility of stage I early gastric carcinoma detection. Examined were 196 cases of depressed early gastric carcinomas out of a total of 394 cases of a depressed gastric carcinoma. Further, the relationship between lymph node metastasis and the clinicopathological indicators was the following: 1) the macroscopical type grade was simple IIc; 2) the size of tumor was less than 50 mm; 3) the ulceration in the cancerous lesion was under (a) shallow Ul-II; and 4) the depressed floor showed a granular pattern. According to these indicators, we feel that it is possible to detect stage I early depressed carcinoma prior to operation.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1989

[HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)].

A 42-year-old female case of HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) combined with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was reported. The patient noticed paresthesia in the soles at the age of 17, and gait disturbance and urinary retention at the age of 20. These symptoms progressed slowly. The patient showed indurations in both hypothenar regions and leukocytosis of 17,900/microliters in the peripheral blood at the age of 41. On admission to our hospital, she had spastic gait, muscle weakness of four extremities, increased deep tendon reflexes, pathologic reflexes, mild decreased of vibration sense and vesico-rectal disturbance. Anti-HTLV-I antibody (PA method) was increased to 1,024 fold in serum and 64 fold in spinal fluid. Thus, this patient was diagnosed as having HAM. In addition, leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was increased to 17,200/microliters including 33% atypical lymphocytes, and lymphocytes subset analysis showed 96.1% CD4+, 1.8% CD8+ and marked increase in CD4/CD8 ratio. Southern blot analysis of HTLV-I provirus DNA in the lymphocytes was of complete type with a monoclonal mode of integration. These findings indicated a diagnosis of ATL for this patient. HLA typing revealed A2, A11, Bw22, Bw46, Cw1, Cw3, being compatible with HAM type reported by Usuku et al. HAM and ATL were reported to be caused by an identical virus. However, there has been no case report of combination of the two diseases. Usuku et al proposed that the development of each disease was based on the differences in HLA haplotypes and HTLV-I-specific immune responsiveness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Proliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto-oncogene.

The genomic and cDNA fragments of Drosophila melanogaster, homologous to human c-raf-1, were cloned. The nucleotide sequence predicted the primary structure of a polypeptide of 666 amino acid residues with a highly conserved Ser-Thr kinase domain on its carboxy terminal half. Draf-1 was mapped to the 2F region of the X chromosome. Two newly induced recessive lethals belonging to a complementation group in this region were identified to be defective in Draf-1 by P element-mediated rescue experiments. The mutants die at larval/pupal stages. The mutant larvae are apparently normal, but they harbor serious defects in the organs containing proliferating cells of both somatic and germ line origins. Maternal effects on embryogenesis indicated that Draf-1 is also required in early larval development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Responsiveness of the ANP providing system to volume load in conscious dogs.

We examined in detail changes in arterial plasma ANP concentration in response to volume load in conscious dogs. In a 5-min volume load experiment, 18 ml/kg of isosmotic and isooncotic 3% Dextran 40 in saline was infused over a period of 5 min. Mean left atrial pressure (MLAP) increased transiently by 7.6 +/- 0.9 mm Hg. Plasma ANP level (P-ANP) did not significantly increase. Assayed P-ANP levels were corrected for hemodilution. Corrected P-ANP (C-ANP) significantly increased from 206 +/- 17 to 348 +/- 34 pg/ml. However, the level of C-ANP did not reach a steady state. No significant linear correlation was found between increases in MLAP and normalized C-ANP. In a 45-min volume load experiment, the elevated level of MLAP caused by the 5-min volume load was maintained for 40 min by supplemental infusion. C-ANP significantly increased from 196 +/- 18 pg/ml to 435 +/- 73 ng/ml. The level of C-ANP reached a steady state. A close linear correlation was observed between increases in MLAP and normalized C-ANP. However, the peak time of C-ANP lagged 10 min behind MLAP. These results indicate that it takes 10 min for P-ANP to reach a steady state in fully responding to a volume load, and that the long-term volume load is a prerequisite to the response of the ANP providing system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hemodynamics before and after the total removal of a dural arteriovenous malformation of the posterior fossa. Case report.

The hemodynamic change before and after the successful total removal of a dural arteriovenous malformation was reported. Preoperative dynamic computed tomography scan showed the prolongation of the cerebral circulation time, and postoperative dynamic computed tomography scan demonstrated improvement of the cerebral hemodynamics, despite total resection of transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus. These findings suggest that, when angiography shows either retrograde venous filling or sinus occlusion, total removal could be done safely.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Contractile effect of succinylpurines on guinea pig uterus.

1. The effects of adenosine analogues on isolated guinea pig uterus were studied in vitro. 2. Low concentrations of adenosine analogues contracted guinea pig uterus. The relative potencies of contractive effect were adenosine greater than AMP greater than ADP greater than ATP greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than N6-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (PIA) greater than 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) greater than adenylosuccinate greater than succinyladenosine. 3. Pretreatment of the uterus strips with theophylline blocked the action of adenosine. However, dipyridamole did not impair the adenosine actions. 4. The role of naturally occurring adenosine analogues was discussed.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1988

Depressed baroreflex control of renal nerve activity in conscious WHHL rabbits.

The baroreflex control of heart rate and renal nerve activity were examined in conscious Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (WHHL) rabbits. Normal Japanese white rabbits were used as controls. The concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in WHHL rabbits were ten times higher than those in normal rabbits. The basal values of mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate in WHHL rabbits were significantly higher than those in normal rabbits. Baroreceptors were stimulated or unloaded by raising or lowering arterial pressure with injections of phenylephrine or glyceryl trinitrate respectively. The peak changes in heart rate and renal nerve activity were plotted against the peak changes in mean arterial pressure, and a logistic function curve was fitted to the relationships between mean arterial pressure and heart rate, or mean arterial pressure and renal nerve activity. The slopes of both heart rate and renal nerve activity declined in WHHL rabbits. The response of renal nerve activity to acute volume expansion (10 ml.kg-1) with isotonic iso-oncotic dextran was further examined. In the normal rabbit, volume expansion caused renal nerve activity to decrease by 60 +/- 5%, while mean arterial pressure did not change. In the WHHL rabbit the decrease in renal nerve activity caused by volume expansion was significantly attenuated (42 +/- 3%). These results indicate that both sino-aortic and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor mediated changes in renal nerve activity were impaired in the WHHL rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of rapid sodium load on circulating atrial natriuretic polypeptide.

The hypothesis that an increase in plasma sodium concentration (PNa) causes an increase in circulating atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) was examined in conscious dogs. NaCl solution in small volume (0.3 ml/kg body wt) and at high concentration (20%) was injected intravenously within 2 s to rapidly increase PNa. PNa rapidly increased to 5.1 +/- 0.3 meq/l. Urinary excretion of sodium and water increased to 4.1 and 2.5 times the control levels, respectively. Plasma vasopressin level increased to 3.7 times the control level. Plasma ANP level (PANP) did not change significantly. PANP corrected for sodium-induced hemodilution did not change either. On a different day, a double amount of sodium (0.6 ml/kg body wt of 20% NaCl solution) was intravenously injected into the dogs. PNa increased by 7.3 +/- 0.4 meq/l, which was significantly more than the increase after the 0.3 ml/kg injection. PANP with or without correction for hemodilution again did not change. These results indicate that a rapid increase in PNa within the physiological range does not cause elevation of circulating ANP. This suggests that ANP does not contribute to the regulation of plasma sodium concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Opiate receptor-mediated decrease in renal nerve activity during hypotensive hemorrhage in conscious rabbits.

Effects of hemorrhage on renal nerve activity and of subsequent opiate receptor blockade with naloxone were studied in conscious rabbits. Mean arterial pressure remained constant at 77 +/- 2 mm Hg through 17 +/- 2 ml/kg hemorrhage, while renal nerve activity increased by 159 +/- 16%. After 25 +/- 1 ml/kg hemorrhage, mean arterial pressure fell by 42 +/- 3 mm Hg, and renal nerve activity decreased below the prehemorrhagic control level by 41 +/- 15%. Bolus injection of naloxone (3 mg/kg i.v.) increased mean arterial pressure to 79 +/- 2 mm Hg, not significantly different from the prehemorrhagic control level. Renal nerve activity increased by 171 +/- 28%, comparable to the peak increase during nonhypotensive hemorrhage. On a different day, hemorrhage was repeated, and phenylephrine was infused during the subsequent hypotension. Phenylephrine increased mean arterial pressure to the prehemorrhagic control level. With increasing mean arterial pressure, renal nerve activity increased from its level during hypotensive hemorrhage and recovered toward the prehemorrhagic control level (-26 +/- 11%), but it did not return to the peak value reached during nonhypotensive hemorrhage. To further examine the blocking effects of naloxone on changes in mean arterial pressure and renal nerve activity induced by exogenous opiate peptides, methionine-enkephalin was injected both in the control state and after treatment with naloxone. A bolus injection of methionine-enkephalin (10 micrograms/kg) decreased mean arterial pressure (-8.1 +/- 2.0 mm Hg) and renal nerve activity (-95 +/- 1%). Pretreatment with naloxone (0.5 mg/kg) effectively blocked this depressor effect and reduction in renal nerve activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Physiological factors of atrial natriuretic polypeptide release and its neural regulation in conscious dogs.

We have examined physiological factors in atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) release and whether or not the cardiac nerves control release of ANP. Two possible factors were tested, an increase in plasma sodium level (PNa) and an increase in atrial pressure. Injection of 1.0 or 2.0 mEq/kg of sodium ions elevated PNa by 5.3 +/- 0.3 or 7.3 +/- 0.4 mEq/L, respectively, but plasma ANP level (PANP) did not change. Infusion of 18 ml/kg of 3% Dextran-40 over 5 min increased mean left atrial pressure (MLAP) by 7.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg. PANP increased from 206 +/- 17 pg/ml to 260 +/- 25 pg/ml, which was not significant. PANP, corrected for hemodilution, significantly increased to 348 +/- 34 pg/ml. These results suggest that PNa increase does not promote ANP release, but that an atrial pressure increase does. This transient volume load did not induce full response of the ANP releasing system. A prolonged volume load for 45 min increased corrected PANP to 435 +/- 73 pg/ml. A close linear correlation was found between the increases in MLAP and PANP. These facts indicate that prolonged volume expansion is necessary to induce full response of the ANP releasing system. Complete cardiac denervation did not affect the tonic level of plasma ANP, volume expansion-induced increase in PANP, or the sensitivity of the ANP releasing system. Thus we conclude that the cardiac nerves do not control ANP release caused by volume expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Anti-rheumatic action of cysteine ethylester hydrochloride].

Ethylcysteine showed a prophylactic effect on collagen-induced arthritis in rats at 100 mg/kg, p.o., and the effect continued even after stopping the administration. However, it was not dose-dependent. D-penicillamine showed no effect under the same condition. Ethylcysteine tended to inhibit collagen-induced arthritis when it was administered therapeutically at 300 mg/kg, p.o. Moreover, it had little effect on the acute inflammatory and type I allergy models such as carrageenin induced edema, 48 hr homologous PCA, and 6 hr and 24 hr Evans blue-carrageenin pleurisy in rats. In the in vitro assay, ethylcysteine had the following effects: inactivation of the rheumatoid factor, the acceleration of the denaturation of human gamma-globulin and the inhibition of bone alkaline phosphatase. The effect were as potent as those of D-penicillamine. As to the results, the mode of action of ethylcysteine is the same as that of D-penicillamine in terms of the biochemical properties. However, ethylcysteine showed an inhibitory effect on collagen-induced arthritis which was not demonstrated with D-penicillamine, so this drug may have a clinically anti-rheumatic action.

Administration, Oral↗