Direct observation of plasma-lens effect.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Nishida
Publications and source records attributed to Y Nishida.
Light and electron microscopic studies on localization of myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells in neuromuscular diseases.
The localizations of myoglobin in skeletal muscle cells of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy (MyD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. In normal skeletal muscle cells, myoglobin was localized mainly in the I-band region. In degenerating muscle cells of patients with DMD and MyD, myoglobin was also demonstrated in the distended lumen of the internal membrane system and in the intermyofibrillar space, through which it seemed to pass into the extracellular space. No myoglobin was detected in opaque fibers or in some of small-sized fibers in DMD muscle. In patients with ALS the staining intensities of myoglobin varied in different muscle cells, but myoglobin was restricted to the I-band region in many muscle cells. These findings suggest that changes in the localization of myoglobin in skeletal muscle cell sensitively reflect the pathologic status of muscle cells.
Adolescent↗
Scopolamine patch reduces postoperative emesis in paediatric patients following strabismus surgery.
Scopolamine patch was evaluated for the prevention of postoperative emesis in 50 children undergoing strabismus surgery. All subjects were premedicated, with none receiving narcotic premedicants. Anaesthesia included controlled ventilation with the use of muscle relaxants, atropine, and halothane. Before operation, the subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a treatment group received a scopolamine patch at a dose of either 0.75 mg or 0.375 mg, and a control group received no patch. Both the incidence and frequency of vomiting in the scopolamine-treated group were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than in the control group.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Accidental extubations during respiratory management in a children's hospital.
An investigation was conducted on the frequency of accidental extubations at Shizuoka Children's Hospital during the past 12 years. The study was performed on 150 randomly selected patients who received respiratory support for more than 24 hr. Fifteen accidental extubations occurred in 9 patients. Most of them (87%) occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and the rate was 1 per 54 days of intubation. The time at which these accidents happened varied, although they were more common during the day-time. The reasons of accidental extubation could not be specified in two-thirds of the cases. It became clear that more immature babies were more likely to suffer accidental extubation, perhaps reflecting the fact that most of the immature babies in the NICU were intubated orally, and that a larger proportion of them required a longer period of respiratory support. Therefore, early weaning from respiratory support is recommended if it is possible. In conclusion, increased surveillance and more secure methods of taping of endotracheal tubes are crucial for preventing life-threatening accidental extubations during respiratory support.
Journal Article↗
Trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the subnucleus reticularis ventralis. I. Response properties and afferent connections.
Trigeminal nociceptive neurons within the subnucleus reticularis ventralis medullae oblongatae (SRV), which lies ventral to the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and subnucleus reticularis dorsalis medullae oblongatae, were studied in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized cats and monkeys. These neurons were called 'SRV neurons'. They were almost regularly excited by pressure to the ipsilateral cornea or to both corneas at a strength well above the human corneal pain threshold. Most of them were activated by noxious mechanical stimulation of the pinna, face and/or tongue. A significant fraction of SRV units was responsive to tapping of the ipsilateral dorsum of the nose and/or electrical stimulation of tooth pulp afferents. Evidence was obtained that responses to tapping of the dorsum of the nose were due to mechanical distortion of the nasal mucosa. Intracellular injection of HRP into SRV neurons demonstrated that injected neurons were large neurons characteristic of the SRV. Trigeminal tractotomy just rostral to the obex did not eliminate responses of SRV units to trigeminal inputs. Neurons relaying trigeminal inputs to SRV neurons were electrophysiologically identified in the nucleus reticularis parvocellularis which is ventromedially adjacent to the subnuclei oralis and interpolaris of the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. These findings were supported by HRP injection into the SRV. Units having receptive fields similar to those of SRV neurons were found in lamina VII of the first cervical cord, suggesting that SRV neurons may be trigeminal lamina VII neurons.
Afferent Pathways↗
The complete primary structure of type XII collagen shows a chimeric molecule with reiterated fibronectin type III motifs, von Willebrand factor A motifs, a domain homologous to a noncollagenous region of type IX collagen, and short collagenous domains with an Arg-Gly-Asp site.
Extracellular matrix molecules are generally categorized as collagens, elastin, proteoglycans, or other noncollagenous structural/cell interaction proteins. Many of these extracellular proteins contain distinctive repetitive modules, which can sometimes be found in other proteins. We describe the complete primary structure of an alpha 1 chain of type XII collagen from chick embryonic fibroblasts. This large, structurally chimeric molecule identified by cDNA analysis combines previously unrelated molecular domains into a single large protein 3,124 residues long (approximately 340 kD). The deduced chicken type XII collagen sequence starts at the amino terminus with one unit of the type III motif of fibronectin, which is followed by one unit homologous to the von Willebrand factor A domain, then one more fibronectin type III module, a second A domain from von Willebrand factor, 6 units of type III motif and a third A domain, 10 consecutive units of type III motif and a fourth A domain, a domain homologous to the NC4 domain peptide of type IX collagen, and finally two short collagenous regions previously described as part of the partially sequenced collagen type XII molecule; an Arg-Gly-Asp potential cell adhesive recognition sequence is present in a hydrophilic region at the terminus of one collagenous domain. Antibodies raised to type XII collagen synthesized in a bacterial expression system recognized not only previously reported bands (220 kD et cetera) in tendons, but also bands with apparently different molecular sizes in fibroblasts and 4-d embryos. The antibodies stained a wide variety of extracellular matrices in embryos in patterns distinct from those of fibronectin or interstitial collagens. They prominently stained extracellular matrix associated with certain neuronal tissues, such as axons from dorsal root ganglia and neural tube. These studies identify a novel chimeric type of molecule that contains both adhesion molecule and collagen motifs in one protein. Its structure blurs current classification schemes for extracellular proteins and underscores the potentially large diversity possible in these molecules.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by methylated analogues of uric acid.
The effects of purines and methylated purine analogues on hydrogen peroxide- and ozone-induced lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte membranes were studied in-vitro. Many purines and purine analogues showed a suppressive effect on the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive materials. 1,3-Dimethyluric acid and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid showed high potency in prevention of lipid peroxidation. These effects were shown to be concentration dependent and were more potent at low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and ozone. 1,3-Dimethyluric acid and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid may be useful as antioxidants.
Antioxidants↗
Repression of the Drosophila proliferating-cell nuclear antigen gene promoter by zerknüllt protein.
A 631-bp fragment containing the 5'-flanking region of the Drosophila melanogaster proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) gene was placed upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene of a CAT vector. A transient expression assay of CAT activity in Drosophila Kc cells transfected with this plasmid and a set of 5'-deletion derivatives revealed that the promoter function resided within a 192-bp region (-168 to +24 with respect to the transcription initiation site). Cotransfection with a zerknüllt (zen)-expressing plasmid specifically repressed CAT expression. However, cotransfection with expression plasmids for a nonfunctional zen mutation, even-skipped, or bicoid showed no significant effect on CAT expression. RNase protection analysis revealed that the repression by zen was at the transcription step. The target sequence of zen was mapped within the 34-bp region (-119 to -86) of the PCNA gene promoter, even though it lacked zen protein-binding sites. Transgenic flies carrying the PCNA gene regulatory region (-607 to +137 or -168 to +137) fused with lacZ were established. When these flies were crossed with the zen mutant, ectopic expression of lacZ was observed in the dorsal region of gastrulating embryos carrying the transgene with either construct. These results indicate that zen indirectly represses PCNA gene expression, probably by regulating the expression of some transcription factor(s) that binds to the PCNA gene promoter.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on water and NaCl absorption across the intestine.
Previous studies have demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes natriuresis and diuresis. However, it is not established whether ANP also alters fluid and electrolyte balance via actions on intestinal absorption of water and sodium chloride. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ANP on water and NaCl absorption across the intestine. First, we determined that ANP was taken up from the intestinal circulation in conscious dogs. During the intravenous infusion of ANP (0.3 microgram.kg-1.min-1), 27.4% of the ANP delivered to the intestinal vascular bed were removed from the circulation at that vascular bed, whereas only 1% of the ANP delivered to the hepatic circulation was removed at the hepatic vascular bed. Second, we determined the effects of the ANP infusion on splanchnic circulation in conscious dogs. ANP decreased hepatic arterial blood flow by 14%, portal venous blood flow by 16%, total hepatic blood flow by 15%, and cardiac output by 14%. Finally, we studied the effects of ANP on intestinal absorption of water and NaCl. ANP suppressed net absorption of water by 61%, Na+ by 43%, and Cl- by 42% across the jejunum but not the ileum. These results suggest that ANP modulates water and NaCl homeostasis across the jejunum but not across the ileum.
Animals↗
Prepatent and patent periods, and production and sporulation of oocysts of Eimeria subspherica isolated in Japan.
Eight calves were inoculated with 10(6) or 10(7) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria subspherica, Christensen, 1941. All the calves, except one, were successfully infected. Prepatent period was 10 to 11 days with a mean of 10.6 days and patent period was 1 to 5 days with a mean of 2.9 days. Peak oocyst discharge was found on days 11 and 12 after inoculation. The number of oocysts passed in the feces was very small and varied among calves, and no relationship was detected between the inoculum dose and the number of oocysts passed in the feces. No clinical symptoms were associated with the infection in any calves. Infectivity, reproductive potential and pathogenicity of E. subspherica were suggested to be low in the experimentally infected calves, even though relatively large numbers of oocysts were given. The sporulation process of E. subspherica oocysts was observed under a condition of 29 degrees C with constant aeration. Completely sporulated oocysts increased in percentage following a sigmoid curve, and the expected 50% and 95% sporulation times were determined as 161 and 194 hours, respectively, by regression analysis.
Animals↗
Corneal representation within the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent bulbar lateral reticular formation of the cat.
Corneal units in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent bulbar lateral reticular formation were studied in urethane-chloralose anesthetized cats. Corneal units were categorized into four classes: low-threshold corneal (LTC) units, high-threshold corneal (HTC) units, wide dynamic range (WDR) units with corneal input, and subnucleus reticularis ventralis (SRV) units with corneal input. Corneal receptive fields of these four classes of corneal afferent units consisted of 3-6 spots. Mechanical thresholds of LTC units were lower than 30 mg (2.6 g/mm2) and were comparable to the sensory threshold of the human cornea measured in patients with cataract. Mechanical thresholds of the other 3 classes of corneal afferent units were well above the pain threshold in the human cornea. LTC units were located in the magnocellular layer of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and were intermingled with cutaneous low-threshold mechanoreceptive units. HTC units were coexistent with nociceptive specific units in the marginal layer and in the outer zone of substantia gelatinosa. WDR units with corneal input were found in the lateral part of trigeminal lamina V equivalent, which corresponds to the lateral part of subnucleus reticularis dorsalis. These 3 classes of corneal units were found at a level 2.7-3.5 mm caudal to the obex. SRV units were found in the dorsolateral part of SRV along the entire length of the medulla oblongata caudal to the obex. These results support the suggestion that either nonpainful sensation or pain can be evoked from the cornea.
Afferent Pathways↗
Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates an increase in pulmonary vascular incremental resistance due to high pulmonary venous pressure.
The aim of this study was to determine whether an elevation of pulmonary venous pressure (PVP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) affects pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary vascular incremental resistance (iPVR). We vascularly isolated the left lower lobe of the lung and perfused it with blood using a pulsatile pump. Blood flow (PBF) to the isolated lobe was decreased in 6 to 7 steps from about 8 to 1 ml/(kg.min). PVR was calculated from measurements of PBF and the pressure difference between pulmonary arterial pressure and PVP at four different levels of fixed PVP. iPVR was estimated from a slope of the pressure-flow relationships between effective pulmonary driving pressure and PBF at four different levels of fixed PVP. iPVR was 2.2 +/- 0.2, 2.2 +/- 0.1, 2.4 +/- 0.1, and 2.6 +/- 0.2 mmHg.min.kg/ml, when PVP was 0, 5, 10, and 15 mmHg, respectively. To test whether or not the response of the pulmonary vascular bed to the elevated PVP is modulated by ANP, iPVR was estimated before and after an administration of ANP in the perfusion circuit. Increased iPVR from 2.1 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.2 mmHg.min.kg/ml in response to the elevation of PVP from 0 to 15 mmHg decreased to the control level after the administration of ANP. ANP, however, did not change the control iPVR. PVR decreased with increasing PVP. ANP decreased PVR when PVP was 0 mmHg, but did not change it when PVP was 15 mmHg. These results suggest that ANP decreases PVR and restores the decreased pulmonary vascular compliance.
Animals↗
Effect of exercise on fractional extraction of catecholamines by the denervated heart in conscious dogs.
To examine the applicability of Halter's assumption to the denervated heart during exercise, we measured the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in arterial and coronary sinus plasma in cardiac denervated dogs. As the level of exercise was increased from 0 (at rest) to 3, 6, and 12 km/h, fractional extraction (FE) of NE significantly decreased from 51 +/- 7 to 39 +/- 5, 34 +/- 6, and 30 +/- 5%, respectively. FE of E did not decrease at exercise (at rest, 57 +/- 10; 3 km/h, 60 +/- 9; 6 km/h, 60 +/- 5; and 12 km/h, 66 +/- 6%). There was no significant difference between FE of NE and E at rest and at 3 km/h, but FE of NE was significantly less than that of E with 6 and 12 km/h exercise. We conclude that FE of NE by the denervated heart decreases during exercise, and that FE of NE and E are approximately equal at rest and at mild exercise, but not at strenuous exercise.
Animals↗
[Urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation].
Clinical significance of urinary tract infections (UTI) after kidney transplantation was studied in 57 cases. Of these patients, the UTI occurred in 63% of cases during follow-up after transplantation. Although the bacteriuria were observed more frequently in living-related donor (LD) group at pre-operation, cadaveric donor (CD) group showed significantly higher frequency in bacteriuria and UTI after transplantation. The initial UTI occurred within 4 weeks after transplantation in 86% of cases. The significant risk factors in the occurrence of UTI were presence of bacteriuria in post-operation, CD group, mismatch numbers in HLA, amount of steroid, and ages of donor and recipient. Of the bacteria isolated, about half were pathogens in UTI, which was a 2 times higher risk compared with the time of chronic hemodialysis. Gram negative rods were found to be major pathogen in UTI cases. The effect of UTI on graft survival was not obvious. However, of the patients who have bacteriuria at operation, 52% were found to have bacteriuria due to the same strain during follow-up. Therefore, bacteriological examination of urine at transplantation must be done carefully.
Adult↗
[Clinical course and management of asymptomatic hyperuricemia].
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Humans↗
[Blood kinetics of free-platinum in CDDP hepato-arterial injection therapy].
In CDDP hepato-arterial injection therapy, platinum (Pt) concentration in hepatic and peripheral venous blood were determined in two groups with different injection rates, and the blood kinetics of Pt was examined. Seven cases of digestive cancers having liver metastases were given CDDP (100 mg) selectively into the proper hepatic artery at a constant rate (10 or 40 min). After injection, concentration of non-protein-bound Pt in hepatic and peripheral venous blood were determined. Pt concentration and AUC value were higher in hepatic venous blood at injection rate than peripheral venous blood. On the other hand, Pt concentration in hepatic venous blood in the cases 10 min-injection were higher than those received 40 min-injection, but neither Pt concentration in peripheral venous blood nor incidences of the side effects and abnormal clinical findings were influenced by the injected rates.
Adult↗
Resonant wave-particle interactions in vp x B acceleration scheme.
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Journal Article↗
An active site of growth hormone for eliciting the differentiation of preadipose 3T3-F442A cells to adipose cells.
In order to elucidate the active sites of growth hormone for eliciting the differentiation of preadipose 3T3-F442A cells to adipocytes, four artificial mutant variants of human growth hormone (hGH) modified in the loop region of amino acid residues 54-74 were prepared in Escherichia coli by site-directed mutagenesis. Although the P59A (replacement of Pro59 with Ala) variant retained almost the same biological- and receptor binding-activity as hGH, the P61A (replacement of Pro61 with Ala) and the P59A-P61A (replacement of both Pro59 and Pro61 with Ala) both exhibited about half the activity, and the delta (62-67) variant (deletion of the residues 62-67) exhibited only about 0.1% the activity of those of intact hGH. The results suggest that Pro61 may be involved in formation of the active conformation of hGH, but Pro59 may not, and that the amino acid residues around 62-67 may be critical for the specific biological features of hGH.
Adipose Tissue↗