[A pathohistological study on the intrapancreatic artery in patients with chronic pancreatitis].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Nimura
Publications and source records attributed to Y Nimura.
[A case of giant pseudocyst of the liver formed by metastasis of gastric cancer].
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Adenocarcinoma↗
[Progressive left ventricular dilatation in a child with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report].
Clinical pictures of a patient with progression from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to dilated cardiomyopathy features in the end stage was described. Echocardiography performed at the age of five years revealed septal hypertrophy without systolic anterior motion (SAM). At 7 years of age, it revealed ventricular septal thickness of 18 mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness of 24 mm, and marked SAM. Echocardiography at 14 years of age revealed left ventricular dilatation (52 mm in diastole) with poor contraction. Ventricular septal thickness was 18 mm and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was 16 mm. The SAM was no longer present. At autopsy, the heart weighed 590 g, and there was moderate dilatation of the right and left ventricular cavities. Histologically, there were massive fibrosis and myocardial disarray in the right and left ventricular walls.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
[Asymmetric septal hypertrophy of sporadic form with abnormal thallium perfusion and myocardial enzymes].
Asymmetric septal hypertrophy with abnormal thallium scintigram and elevated cardiac enzymes were observed in five patients and were studied with special reference to the clinical significance of their clinicopathological features. They were not familial cardiomyopathy patients. Two of the five patients (Cases 1 and 2) exhibited the clinical features characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without abnormal thallium perfusion and serum cardiac enzyme levels. A right endomyocardial biopsy for Case 1 disclosed myocardial fibrosis in addition to hypertrophy and disarray of myocardial fibers. The left ventricular cavities of two other patients (Cases 4 and 5) tended to be dilated with signs of impaired systolic function and asymmetric septal hypertrophy. A regional area of reduced thickness was observed in the medial portion of the left ventricular posterior wall of Case 4. The remaining case (Case 3) exhibited left ventricular dilatation and reduced left ventricular systolic function, disproportionate hypertrophy, and had clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Necropsy disclosed massive fibrosis and diffuse disarray of myocardial fibers. Some patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy progress to exhibit clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in the terminal stages, and have massive fibrosis of the myocardium histologically. Thallium scintigraphic abnormalities and elevated serum levels of cardiac enzymes, especially the LDH1 isoenzyme, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be a meaningful indicator of such progression in its early stages. The five patients in the present study exhibited a variety of clinical and histological features which may comprise a spectrum of clinical conditions during the progression from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to a condition like dilated cardiomyopathy, similar to that in familial patients. This progression and the factors promoting it should be studied further in the near future.
Adult↗
[Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic estimation of pressure gradient across a ventricular septal defect: with particular reference to potential factors of error].
The clinical validity and some problems concerning pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PD) in non-invasive estimates of pressure difference (delta P) across a ventricular septal defect were studied. The maximum velocity (max V) of the left to right shunt flow in the right ventricle was converted to delta P using the simplified Bernoulli equation: delta P = 4V2. We also used the equation: delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)) to estimate the delta P in cases who had left to right shunt flows of high velocity in the left ventricle. Simulatenous recordings of both left and right ventricular pressures and PD were obtained during cardiac catheterization of 11 cases. Accurate Doppler estimates of delta P only from the maximum velocity of the left to right shunt flow in the right ventricle were impossible in nine cases whose actual delta P's were large (more than 41 mmHg) and also in eight cases whose right ventricular systolic pressure was high (either equal to or higher than left ventricular systolic pressure). Besides these 17 cases, delta P estimated by PD using the simplified Bernoulli equation in 39 cases, with pansystolic left to right shunt flows in the right ventricle, correlated well with the actually measured delta P (Y = 0.99X + 2.77, r = 0.91, p less than 0.01). The difference in the maximal instantaneous pressure gradient and Doppler delta P was considered insignificant (between 0 and 7 mmHg, mean 4 mmHg). In nine cases, the left to right shunt flows of relatively high speed (0.63 approximately 2.00 m/sec, mean 1.31 m/sec) were observed also in the left ventricle, and calculated delta P using the simplified Bernoulli equation overestimated the actually measured delta P by 2 to 16 mmHg (Y = 1.52X + 4.88, r = 0.95, p less than 0.01). However, if the delta P is estimated by using the equation, delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)), without ignoring the maximum speed in the left ventricle (V1), it correlates well with the actually measured delta P (Y = 1.07X + 0.76, r = 0.98, p less than 0.01). Thus, in cases with left to right shunt flows with high speeds in the left ventricle, the equation: delta P = 4(V2(2) - V1(2)) was more accurate in estimating the delta P by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.
Blood Pressure↗
[Pericardial defect: roles of the pericardium on kinetoanatomic changes of the heart influenced by patients' postures].
To elucidate the physioanatomic roles of the pericardium, the alterations in gross anatomy and cardiac motion induced by posture were examined by two-dimensional echocardiography in seven patients with total absence of the left pericardium. Ten healthy subjects were served as controls. The heart was located deeper within the chest at end-diastole in patients with pericardial defect than in healthy subjects, especially in the left lateral decubitus position. With progression of systole, the cardiac apex swung anteriorly with the cardiac base as the fulcrum, and the heart approximated the normal position at end-systole. The deeper the position of the center of the cross-section of the left ventricular cavity at end-diastole, the more exaggerated the swinging motion in systole. The deep location of the heart in end-diastole is considered to result from release from pericardial support, and the systolic tonus of the cardiac muscle restores the apex to nearly normal position. The characteristic swinging motion of the heart and its alterations dependent of posture seemed the signs suggestive of total absence of the pericardium. The shape of the short-axis view of the left ventricular cavity was nearly circular throughout the cardiac cycle. Therefore, paradoxical motion of the ventricular septum observed on M-mode echocardiography in pericardial defect results from the anterior shift of the entire heart overcoming the proper motion of the interventricular septum. The left ventricular dimension become enlarged according to the postural change from the right to left lateral decubitus positions regardless of the presence or absence of the pericardium. The right ventricular cavity became enlarged in the left lateral decubitus position in patients with pericardial defect. The elevation of hydrostatic pressure due to postural change was considered excessive due to the absence of the pericardium. In the left lateral decubitus position, systolic excursions of the mitral and tricuspid rings became more prominent in healthy subjects, whereas these excursions, particularly of the tricuspid ring, were reduced in patients with pericardial defect. Depressed tricuspid ring motion was also observed in the right lateral position in cases with pericardial defects. The reduced excursion of the tricuspid, ring and the right ventricular dilatation may affect systemic venous return to the right atrium.
Adult↗
[Diagnosis of bile duct and gallbladder carcinoma by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy].
Recently the technique of imaging diagnosis has been developed and biliary tract carcinomas without any symptoms can be diagnosed by US, CT and cholangiography, but preoperative definitive diagnosis should be carried out by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) or percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy (PTCCS) especially in cases of minute lesions, superficial spreading type carcinomas or biliary tract carcinomas complicated with gall stones. Operative procedures, such as hepatectomy, bile duct resection and/or pancreatoduodenectomy, have to be decided before the operation according to the extent of cancer which is diagnosed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic biopsy.
Bile Duct Neoplasms↗
[A resected case of pleomorphic carcinoma of pancreatic head].
A 41-year-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of back pain and progressive jaundice. Ultrasonography, CT and hypotonic duodenography revealed a large and well-defined tumor in the head of pancreas. The tumor was hypervascular on angiography. Total pancreatectomy was performed, and the examination of the resected specimen disclosed that the tumor was 50 X 45 mm in size and extrapancreatic tumor-forming type. Histopathologically, the tumor comprized mostly bizzare mono- and multinucleated giant cells with sarcomatous growth pattern. The patient died 6 months after operation due to liver metastasis and peritoneal dissemination. The pathological feature of the pleomophic carcinoma of the pancreas is well-known, but the clinical feature is vague because the resected cases are rare. The pathological finding of the specimen of this case is typical and it is considered that the clinical findings of this case, such as well-defined and hypervascular tumor, are characteristic of the pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas.
Adult↗
Thallium perfusion and cardiac enzyme abnormalities in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Twelve patients of five families with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined. Within each family, the older patients showed dilation or diminished contraction of the left ventricle by echocardiography or angiocardiography more frequently than did younger patients. LDH1 fraction (lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme) and MB-CPK (creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme) were increased in 7 of 10 patients. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy showed perfusion defect or hypoperfusion in 9 of 10 patient. Eleven cases demonstrated remarkable hypertrophy at the macroscopic level. Marked fibrosis was observed in all 5 of the 11 patients whose histologic findings were obtained. In two necropsy cases, disarray was found throughout the right and left ventricles and the pattern of fibrosis was massive. These findings were different from those of ordinary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is possible that each patient with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may develop more prominent thallium and enzyme abnormalities as he becomes older, regardless of whether he develops a dilated cardiomyopathy picture.
Adolescent↗
Three autopsy cases of progression to left ventricular dilatation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
The hearts of three cases of congestive heart failure with dilated left ventricles developing in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were morphologically investigated. The results showed that disproportionate hypertrophy and dilatation of the left ventricles, accompanied by massive fibrosis and myocardial disarray, were present in the three patients. The mean percent area of fibrosis of the left ventricle was 34.7% and 47.4% at the upper third and lower third levels, respectively, and was much more frequently associated with disarray (84.4 +/- 12.3%). Moreover, the fibrosis was most extensive in the lateral wall of the left ventricle, followed by the posterior, anterior, and interventricular walls. The fibrosis was also diffuse regardless of the subendocardial or subepicardial region of the heart. The findings in the present study suggest that the disarray in this particular series of HCM might be responsible for the mechanism of the fibrosis leading to dilatation of the left ventricle.
Adolescent↗
A sensitive fluorometric assay for serum monoamine oxidase with kynuramine as substrate.
The detailed procedure of a new sensitive fluorometric assay for human serum monoamine oxidase (MAO) with kynuramine as substrate is described. The data on its reproducibility, stability, correlation with another method, and serum MAO levels for 150 healthy subjects and 205 patients with various diseases, are presented to support the usefulness of this method. Since our method is much simpler and more sensitive than other methods conventionally used, we can recommend it for routine clinical investigation.
Heart Failure↗
Doppler echocardiographic features of ventricular septal rupture in myocardial infarction.
Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate the features of interventricular septal rupture in six patients with acute myocardial infarction and to substantiate the hemodynamic data and morphologic findings at surgery or autopsy. Although echocardiographic visualization of the septal rupture was obtained in only two of the six patients, unusual Doppler flow signals were detected in the apical portion of the right ventricle in all six patients. Five patients had unusual flow signals during both systole and diastole; one had such signals only during systole. The location of these unusual flow signals coincided with the site of septal rupture confirmed at surgery or autopsy. The pattern of the flow signals in one cardiac cycle was very similar to that of the pressure difference between the left and right ventricular cavities. These findings indicate that the unusual flow signals represent the left to right shunt flows resulting from septal rupture. In conclusion, Doppler echocardiography may be a very useful tool for diagnosing interventricular septal rupture easily and noninvasively in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Aged↗
Smoke-like echo in the left atrial cavity in mitral valve disease: its features and significance.
In some patients with mitral stenosis, a smoke-like echo is observed in the left atrial cavity. The present study in 116 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease investigated the echocardiographic features and clinical significance of this echo. The smoke-like echo is characterized by the following echocardiographic features: 1) it is composed of numerous microechoes; 2) it curls up slowly in the enlarged left atrial cavity; and 3) it vanishes as soon as it pours into the ventricular cavity. Hemostasis in the left atrial cavity was considered to be an important underlying condition for development of the echo. Hemorheologic conditions indicated that the shear rate of blood flow in the left atrial cavity was calculated to be low enough for the development of red blood cell aggregation. These conditions suggest that the source of the smoke-like echo might be aggregated cells due to hemostasis in the left atrial cavity. Left atrial thrombi were detected in many patients who had this echo in the left atrial cavity. Although it has not been conclusively determined that the presence of the smoke-like echo is a necessary condition for thrombus formation, this echo appears to be closely related to thrombus formation in the left atrial cavity. It is concluded that the presence of this echo indicates severe left atrial hemostasis and is a warning for thrombus formation.
Adult↗
Recent progress in ultrasonic diagnosis of the heart: Doppler flow imaging.
It is appreciated that, linked with B-mode echocardiography, the real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging technique provides information on the heart, which has never been available with conventional methods, greatly improving the capabilities of cardiac ultrasound. In general, the concept of major heart disease consists of anatomical abnormalities and those in intracardiac flow condition. The present method provides information on these two aspects simultaneously; consequently, it is regarded as a closer approach to heart diseases, compared with conventional examinations and techniques. The equipment is also convenient to operate. The combination of real-time two-dimensional Doppler flow imaging and B-mode echocardiography is expected to become a standard tool of the ultrasound examination of the heart.
Aortic Valve Insufficiency↗
[Diagnostic imaging of cardiovascular disease. B. Doppler flow imaging (color flow mapping)].
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Echocardiography↗
[Palliative treatment for unresectable cases of pancreatic carcinoma].
Palliative treatment have been performed in 50 cases of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma during these nine years. There were 36 in the head and 14 in the body and tail on the location of the tumor. Operation was performed in 35 cases (70%) and about 60% of which were diagnosed as unresectable for liver metastases. Prophylactic gastroenterostomy concomitant with biliary bypass is considered to be the most suitable procedure and should be performed routinely regardless of duodenal obstruction. Choledochojejunostomy (Roux-en-Y) and gastrectomy (Billorth-II) were considered advantageous for favorable long-term bile drainage and to prevent hematemesis. Splanchnicetomy proved to alleviate pain in 87.5% and is recommended to perform at the time of initial laparotomy. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 40% of the cases. Arterial infusion chemotherapy was found most effective to prolong survival. The patients who received palliative treatment survived 6.5 months on the average: Mean survival was 7.3 months in the former cases and 3.8 in the latter. Six patients (12%) survived more then one year, and no significant difference in location or size could be found.
Adult↗
[A case of membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava at the hepatic associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis].
A case of inferior vena cava obstruction at the hepatic portion associated hepatocellular carcinoma with and liver cirrhosis is reported, which was treated with lateral segmentectomy of the liver after transcatheter angioplasty. A 36-year-old male, who had noticed venous dilatation in the abdominal wall and legs from his childhood, visited a doctor complaining of right upper quadrate pain and was diagnosed liver cirrhosis. One year later ultrasonography revealed a liver tumor, which was diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by ultrasonically guided aspiration cytology. Inferior and superior vena cavography revealed complete membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava at the hepatic portion with marked collateral circulation through azygos, hemiazygos and phrenic veins. The caval pressure difference between above and below the obstruction was 16.5 cm H2O. The membranous obstruction was perforated and dilated by transluminal angioplasty using Dotter's balloon catheter. The obstructive segment of inferior vena cava changed into 8mm in diameter after the second angioplasty, and the caval pressure difference between above and below the stenosis decreased to 10 cm H2O. Lateral segmentectomy of the liver was performed. Histopathologic diagnosis was clear cell type hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis. Marked postoperative liver damage was observed and transcatheter caval dilatation was performed again. The pressure of inferior vena cava below the stenosis decreased to 8 cm H2O. One year and 8 months after the operation, the patient is healthy without recurrence of cancer.
Adult↗
[Clinicopathological studies on pancreatic carcinoma in totally pancreatectomized cases--with special reference to its intrapancreatic development and the pancreatogram].
Histological examination and pancreatography were performed on 31 totally pancreatectomized cases of pancreatic ductal carcinoma, which was divided into four types according to its growth pattern in the pancreas. Pancreatograms of the resected specimens were also classified according to histological findings. Pancreatic carcinoma of Type I (20 cases) was diffusely infiltrating carcinoma with scirrhous stroma which was particularly present between the lobules. The pancreatogram of this type showed constriction of the main pancreatic duct accompanied by dilatation of the distal pancreatic duct. Carcinoma of Type II (6 cases) was diffusely developing in or around the dilated main pancreatic duct or its branches. The pancreatogram of Type II demonstrated the irregularly dilated main pancreatic duct with absence of its branches. Type III (4 cases) was the localized carcinoma with medullary structure. The pancreatogram showed replacement and dilatation of pancreatic ducts without marked stenosis of the main pancreatic duct. Type IV (1 case) was intraductal protruding carcinoma which showed polypoid shadow defects in remarkably dilated pancreatic ducts. The results suggested that a total pancreatectomy should be applied mainly for pancreatic carcinomas of Type II.
Adenocarcinoma↗