Biomedical subjects

Y Nakane

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakane.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Bacteriological study on fosfomycin against organisms clinically isolated from paranasal sinusitis].

Multi-center bacteriological and clinical studies on fosfomycin (FOM) nasal solution were performed in subjects with paranasal sinusitis from January, 1988 to May, 1990. In these studies, we were exclusively responsible for bacterial isolation from clinical sources, bacterial identification and the determination of drug susceptibility. Before local administration of FOM nasal solution, many strains of various bacterial species were isolated from sources totalling 396 cases involved in phase II clinical studies, dose-finding and open clinical studies. From antibacterial activities of FOM against those isolates, we obtained the following conclusions. 1. Among the 447 isolates, Streptococcus spp. occupied 25.7%, Staphylococcus spp. 21.7% and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (GPC) 13.6%, showing high detection frequency of aerobic and anaerobic GPC. Next to these, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis also were often obtained. 2. After exclusion of possibly contaminating strains which might have entered into cultures at samplings or transfers, the MIC50 and the MIC80 of FOM against the remaining 354 isolates were determined to be 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively, indicating that local use of FOM would be fully effective to eradicate most of the bacteria. 3. FOM nasal solution showed sufficient eradication efficacy against most clinical isolates of possible causative organisms of paranasal sinusitis, and appeared to be useful as a topical preparation for the treatment of this disease.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1991

[Antimicrobial activity of cefpiramide to fresh clinical isolates].

In the subjects of 835 strains of 37 clinically isolated microbial strains, which were separated and identified among materials collected from patients with various infections and which were sent from medical therapeutic institutions throughout Japan in 1990, for the purpose of examining the antimicrobial activity of cefpiramide (CPM), its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), together with those of other cephem antibiotics, was determined, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Microbial strains in which no CPM-resistant strains emerged were Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. 2. In comparison with reports by many researchers at the former half of the 1980s, microbial stains suggesting an increase in resistance to CPM were Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas putida, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Haemophilus influenzae, but also in other microbial strains the resistance to CPM was observed in high ratios. 3. Among strains used in the test, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, cephamycin and oxime type cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli of Enterobacteriaceae, and new quinolone-resistant microbes were observed in high ratios; therefore, it was considered that CPM could not exert sufficient antimicrobial activities to these strains because of many resistant strains being complicated among these "CPM-resistant strains". 4. It was discussed that "the resistance mechanism observed throughout beta-lactam drugs as a while and the study themes in the dimension including social circumstances where resistant strains emerged", as pointed out by the authors in 1989, increased the significance of these days in the evaluation of timecourse changes in microbes resistant to specific drugs including CPM. 5. There are many unfavorable conditions in the antimicrobial activities of CPM to clinically isolated strains in recent years. However, it was jointly confirmed that CPM maintained effective antimicrobial activities to the majority of clinically isolated strains. Furthermore, when it was additionally considered that CPM was one of not many cephem drugs having persistent blood levels, a conclusion was drawn that CPM was one of clincally useful cephem drugs even at present.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[Antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections].

In order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (OFLX) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. The following conclusions were reached. 1. Comparison of the MIC distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of OFLX-resistant isolates with the passage of time of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella ssp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp., and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Most common elevations of MIC values against these bacteria were observed in MIC80 and MIC90 values, while no significant alteration was observed in MIC50 values. However, MIC50's of OFLX against Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were relatively high for strains isolated in both 1987 and 1990. Most of the OFLX-resistant strains of S. aureus seemed to be methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Furthermore, MIC80 of OFLX against coagulase-negative staphylococci was high in strains isolated in both 1987 and 1990. 2. Susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. was evaluated only in strains isolated in 1990. The results were comparable to those reported by others in the early 1980s. 3. Bacteria which showed no or infrequent emergence of OFLX-resistant strains even in 1990 were Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Campylobacter spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. 4. Recently isolated strains from patients with community-acquired infections showed a tendency toward an increase of the frequency of OFLX-resistant strains among many bacteria. However, the bacteria which contained high percentages of OFLX-resistant strains except for MRSA were so-called less-virulent bacteria, and in the other bacteria elevations of MIC values were only observed in MIC80 and MIC90. These results suggested that OFLX preserved a potent antibacterial activity against bacteria which were major causative pathogens in community-acquired infections.

Bacteria↗

PubMed1991

[Prognostic factors of "pm" gastric cancer].

Clinicopathological and DNA ploidy studies were carried out to evaluate the prognostic factors of gastric cancer invading to the layer of muscularis propria. Seven hundred and ninety four patients with gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy between 1980 and 1988. Of these 85 were found to be "pm" gastric cancer. The unfavorable prognostic factors were as follows: 1) location of the tumor in the upper third of the stomach, 2) deeper cancer invasion in the muscularis propria, 3) presence of lymphnode in which cancer cells involve more than half of its histological section and 4) DNA aneuploid cancer.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1991

[Antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against fresh clinical isolates from superficial suppurative foci].

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 5 drugs (ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and 4 drugs used as standard) were determined to investigate antibacterial potencies of CPFX against bacterial strains isolated in 1989 from superficial suppurative foci. The clinical isolates tested included 375 strains from 11 aerobic bacterial species, and 50 strains from 2 anerobic bacterial genera (group) for a total of 425 isolates. Interpreting MIC level distributions of these drugs as the expression of antibacterial potencies, the results are as follows. 1. When activities of new-quinolone antibiotics were tested, we found that, CPFX expressed far superior antibacterial potency to ofloxacin (OFLX) and norfloxacin (NFLX) against coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Peptostreptococcus spp., although the activity of CPFX against Bacteroides fragilis group was weaker than that of OFLX, and CPFX had similar activity against Staphylococcus aureus to OFLX. 2. In comparison to beta-lactam antibiotics, CPFX was inferior to amoxicillin (AMPC) against E. faecalis and inferior to AMPC and cefaclor (CCL) against Peptostreptococcus spp. Against all other bacterial species, however, CPFX expressed superior antibacterial potency to AMPC and CCL. 3. Scattered findings of low sensitivity or resistance to CPFX were observed among the S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. faecium, P. vulgaris, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa and B. fragilis (group) species, but with an exception of E. faecium, the incidence of resistance strains was low.

Amoxicillin↗

PubMed1990

Prognostic significance of serosal invasion and free intraperitoneal cancer cells in gastric cancer.

Survival rates after curative gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer among 238 patients in whom the cancer was invading the serosa were compared with 283 patients without serosal invasion. Generalized Wilcoxon estimates for 5-year survival rate were 47.1 per cent for patients exhibiting serosal invasion and 75.9 per cent for patients without serosal invasion. The frequency of lymph node metastasis increased proportionately with the extent of serosal invasion: 18.4 per cent in cases of S0; 53.8 per cent in cases of S1; 80.0 per cent in cases of S2; and 91.4 per cent in cases of S3. The higher the aggregate total of S (serosal invasion) and n (lymph node metastasis) factors, the lower the 5-year survival rate. In addition, patients with serosal invasion had a propensity for peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells; the percentage of cases with intraperitoneal free cancer cells increased with the extent of serosal invasion. It is worth noting that when cancer infiltration proceeded to the deeper layers and was accompanied by nodal metastasis, cancerous invasion of the perinodal fatty tissue was frequently evident. Therefore, unfavourable prognosis after curative resection in gastric cancer patients with serosal invasion may be largely dependent on whether or not the cancer has invaded the peritoneal cavity and the perinodal fatty tissue.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Surgical strategy for early gastric cancer.

The diagnostic and therapeutic options in early gastric cancer are reviewed. In Japan, the rate of detection of early gastric cancers has increased so that minute gastric cancers can now be identified as a result of advances in diagnostic methods. The results of histopathological staging of a large number of resected specimens have led to three surgical options based on size and depth of the primary lesion, namely classical R2 resection, radical resection with limited lymphadenectomy and endoscopic surgery.

Gastroscopy↗

PubMed1990

[Cyclosporin levels in semen of renal transplant patients].

Cyclosporin (CsA) has powerful immunosuppressive properties, and its recent application to organ transplantation has resulted in markedly improved graft survival. However, CsA has certain adverse side effects, the most notable being nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Among other untoward effects, little is known about the effects of CsA on the reproductive organs. Since good graft survival is now expected with CsA, the long term effect of the drug on the gonads should be monitored carefully, particularly for young recipients. Prior to investigation of the effect of CsA on the testis, the level of CsA in semen of the adult renal transplant patients were measured. Twelve samples of semen from eight recipients, mean age 35 (SD 9), were collected by masturbation in the morning just before taking CsA after more than 5 day abstinence, and it was frozen at -80 degrees C. They had been taking immunosuppressants that were a combination of either CsA and prednisolone, or CsA, azathioprine and prednisolone for 5 to 63 months. The dose of CsA was 3.7 mg/kg to 5.0 mg/kg. The range of the level of serum creatinine was 1.1 mg/dl to 2.9 mg/dl. CsA in whole blood was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and CsA in semen was also measured by HPLC after extracting CsA with diethylether. The level of CsA in semen was 27 ng/ml to 165 ng/ml and that in whole blood was 51 ng/ml to 133 ng/ml. The relation between both levels was linear (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Study on susceptibilities of freshly isolated strains to macrolide antibiotics].

Macrolide (ML) susceptibilities of clinically isolated bacteria obtained freshly during 1989 were determined and year to year differences in ML-resistances of the clinical isolates in our laboratory were examined with epidemiological consideration in mind. 1. The distribution of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MLs against isolates of Staphylococcus aureus showed 2 peaks, one peak representing S. aureus isolates susceptible to MLs and the other peak representing those resistant to MLs. Proportions of resistant isolates to various MLs were 36% to erythromycin, 24% each to kitasamycin, josamycin, midecamycin and midecamycin acetate. MICs of rokitamycin (RKM), however, distributed themselves into 3 peaks of less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml (76%), 1.56-3.13 micrograms/ml (12%) and greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml (12%). Staphylococcus spp. including Staphylococcus epidermidis showed different resistance characteristics to 14-membered ring MLs and to 16-membered ring MLs. Further, the proportion of resistant organisms to RKM was the smallest among proportions of resistant organisms to various 16-membered ring MLs tested. These differences in proportions of resistant organisms to different MLs may have resulted from differences in resistance induction activities of different MLs. The above described ratios of resistant organisms to MLs among S. aureus did not vary since 1975 among clinical isolates tested in our laboratory. 2. Four per cent (4%) of Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were MLs resistant, and 18% of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were resistant to MLs. Among the isolates tested in our laboratory since 1985, resistant isolates of S. pyogenes are clearly decreasing and those of S. pneumoniae seem to be increasing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1990

[Antimicrobial activities of gentamicin against fresh clinical isolates].

Antimicrobial activities of gentamicin (GM), compared with activities of other aminoglycosides (AGs) and beta-lactam antibiotics, were studied against clinical isolates obtained during a period of July-December 1989. 1. GM-resistant strains were noted in 24% of Staphylococcus aureus, 12% of Enterobacter spp., 24% of Serratia marcescens, 7% of Morganella morganii and 26% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but no GM-resistant strains were observed among isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. 2. A majority of GM-resistant strains of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and a large number of GM-resistant strains of Enterobacter spp. was also resistant to new quinolones. GM showed, however, strong antimicrobial activities against new quinolones-resistant strains of S. marcescens, M. morganii and P. aeruginosa. 3. Among all the isolates tested of S. marcescens, 24% were GM-resistant, 72% were tobramycin (TOB)-resistant, 86% were dibekacin (DKB)-resistant and 64% were amikacin (AMK)-resistant, hence the incidence of GM-resistant strains was the lowest. This tendency was also observed with P. vulgaris. However, among P. aeruginosa, 26% were GM-resistant, 14% TOB-resistant, 18% DKB-resistant and 22% AMK-resistant, thus the incidence rate for GM-resistance was somewhat higher. These results suggest that different AGs-modification enzymes were produced by various clinical isolates under the present condition. 4. Comparing the ratio of GM-resistant strains in the present study with those in 1980 and 1983, the ratio increased among S. aureus, while decreases were observed among Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa, indicating that a unilateral tendency of increases in GM-resistant strains did not exist among clinical isolates over the years.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1990

Urban growth and health in Nagasaki after the atomic air raid.

According to development of the city, it has been revealed that demographic characteristics and living condition, as well as health status, have been differentiated among areas within it. On the causal relationships between urban growth and health, the present study shows no evidence, but a significant correlation between population density and demographic characteristics, and health, especially in maternal child health, have been observed in the same city (Takemoto et al., 1988). Considering the regionalization of characteristics in man and his environment within a city, public health activities based on the assessment of health needs in each community should be developed in urbanized society.

Demography↗

PubMed1990

[Synergy between sulbactam and ampicillin or cefoperazone in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing microorganisms. Results with the use of microdilution broth method].

Antimicrobial activities of sulbactam (SBT) with ampicillin (ABPC) or with cefoperazone (CPZ), in other words, the effects of SBT, an beta-lactamase inhibitor, against beta-lactamase producing strains of clinical isolates, were studied using microdilution broth method. 1. beta-Lactamase producing strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae decompose benzylpenicillin (PCG) which is one of substrates of the acid-metry disc method and show a strong reaction, while they do not decompose cefazolin (CEZ), another substrate, showing no or weak reaction. Thus, it is suspected that beta-lactamases produced by these organisms are mainly penicillinase (PCase). MIC-distributions of ABPC and CPZ against these clinical isolates which seemed to produce PCase shifted to lower MIC ranges with MIC's reduced to 1/4 or below when 0.025 to 0.39 microgram/ml of SBT was added. 2. It appears that beta-lactamase produced by Proteus vulgaris may be oxyiminocephalosporinase (CXase), because P. vulgaris showed strong reaction on CEZ, but moderate reaction on PCG in the acid-metry disc method. MIC-distribution of ABPC and CPZ against P. vulgaris shifted to a lower range with MIC's of 1/4 or below when 0.20 to 0.39 microgram/ml of SBT was added. 3. All the test strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed strong reaction on CEZ but only 56% of the test strains showed reaction on PCG. It appears that the beta-lactamases which showed strong reaction on CEZ is cephalosporinase and is encoded in chromosome, while those beta-lactamase that showed strong reaction on PCG is encoded in a plasmid which was acquired secondarily by P. aeruginosa. MIC-distribution of CPZ against P. aeruginosa shifted to a lower range with MIC values of 1/2 or below with the addition of SBT at 1.56 micrograms/ml. 4. It appears that the synergy of SBT with ABPC or with CPZ against the PCase or CXase producing strains may occur in the presence of SBT at a concentration far less than that reported previously.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of postoperative hypertonic sodium infusion in the patients with total gastrectomy for gastric cancer].

In 17 patients with gastric cancer undergoing total gastrectomy, the effect of postoperative hypertonic sodium infusion were studied. The subjects were divided into 2 groups by concentration in the postoperative infusions. Group 1(Na group): over 5.0 mEq/Kg/day of sodium were infused in the postoperative days (POD). (End of operation to POD-4), Group 2 (Control group): 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day of sodium (End of Op. to POD-1), 1.5-2.0 mEq/Kg/day (POD-2-4). 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day were infused after POD-5 in both groups. In the Na group, NAG-Index, FENa and BUN were higher than those of control group. And cumulative primary Na balance (from end of operation to POD-5) indicated positive balance in Na group, and negative in control group. Furthermore, the cumulative infused sodium dose correlated with cumulated urinary sodium dose, potassium dose and cumulative NAG dose (from end of operation to POD-5). Significant difference was observed between two groups in urinary nitrogen. These findings suggest that the sodium dose in the postoperative infusion were suitable with 2.0-2.5 mEq/Kg/day.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Annual changes in susceptibility of clinical isolates to midecamycin acetate].

To investigate annual changes in the susceptibility of clinical isolates to midecamycin acetate (MDM-AC), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDM-AC were determined for clinical isolates obtained from outpatients since 1985. MDM-AC-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. have shown similar degrees of resistance to midecamycin and josamycin. Regarding this as macrolide resistance, proportions of macrolide-resistant strains tended to increase for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae but to decrease for Streptococcus pyogenes. 1. For S. aureus, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 20% in 1987 and 20% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant. Of these macrolide-resistant strains, 70% or more in 1987 and 80% or more in 1989 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). 2. For S. pneumoniae, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 12% in 1987 and 12% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant, indicating a tendency for resistant strains to increase annually. 3. For S. pyogenes, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 4% in 1987 and 0% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant, showing a decreasing tendency. 4. MDM-AC is still thought to be a clinically useful antibacterial agent because it still shows antibacterial activity against 80% or more of Gram-positive cocci clinically isolated in recent years and a low degree of induction of macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus spp.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of nodal involvement with respect to survival rate after curative gastrectomy for carcinoma.

We investigated whether or not the survival rate after curative gastrectomy was related to the total number of lymph nodal metastases and the frequency of the metastases (number of nodes with metastases among number of dissected nodes) in 433 patients with carcinoma of the stomach. Of these patients, 45.3 per cent had lymph nodal metastases, and of a total of 10,130 dissected lymph nodes, 13.0 per cent had metastases. The present findings suggest that both the number and frequency of lymph nodal metastases are closely related to other prognostic factors, such as depth of invasion, histologic type, gross findings, histologic staging and vascular invasion. The five year survival rate significantly decreased as the number and frequency of metastases increased. Thus, it appears the number and frequency of involved lymph nodes are parameters of prognostic significance.

Gastrectomy↗

PubMed1990

[Measurement of MICs on 16 antimicrobial agents for freshly isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains].

MICs of 16 antimicrobial agents including a newly synthesized aminoglycoside antibiotic, arbekacin (HBK), were determined against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains which had been isolated since 1988 from patients with refractory infections. 1. The proportion of highly methicillin-resistant strains was large, especially among those isolated from blood and respiratory tract. 2. All the MRSA strains were resistant to all the beta-lactam antibiotics tested. 3. Most of the strains were also resistant to aminoglycosides. However, HBK inhibited the growth of 95% of the strains at 3.13 micrograms/ml or less, showing potent activities even against highly resistant MRSA strains. 4. The MIC distribution of HBK against MRSA strains showed no change since 1986 when year to year data were compared. Based on our studies on the drug resistance pattern of MRSA since 1986, a large proportion of MRSA strains isolated from blood and respiratory tract appeared to be coagulase type II. 5. Netilmicin-resistant MRSAs have increased since 1986, and MRSA resistant to fosfomycin, minocycline, ofloxacin and norfloxacin have also increased in 1989 compared to 1988. 6. The drug resistance pattern of MRSA has been changing every year and they are acquiring multi-drug resistance. Thus, in the treatment of MRSA infections, it is very important to identify the drug susceptibility of MRSA quickly and accurately.

Aminoglycosides↗

PubMed1989

Breast cancer arising de novo in recipients of kidney allograft.

Immunosuppressive therapy is not only an etiologic factor of de novo malignant disease but is also accelerates progression of the already developed malignant disease in immunosuppressed recipients. Two cases of de novo breast cancer arising in kidney transplant recipients are reported herein. A 25 year-old woman, transplanted one haploidentical kidney transplant 4 years and 9 months ago, developed a left breast tumor. Within one month the tumor had rapidly enlarged from 3.5 cm to 8 cm in diameter by the time she underwent a radical mastectomy. Nine axillary lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. Although her graft function had been poor due to chronic rejection, she was treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy, but not adjuvant therapy. Since local recurrent disease appeared two months postoperatively, the immunosuppressive therapy was ceased and 60Co therapy started. Recurrent disease progressed rapidly, however, and she died 7 months after her operation. A 27 year-old woman, having allograft from an identical sibling, noted a right breast tumor, 8 years and 7 months later. Again the tumor had grown rapidly from 1.8 cm to 3 cm in diameter within one month. She underwent a standard radical mastectomy. One axillary lymph nodes was positive for metastasis. She has been treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy and adjuvant endocrinochemotherapy. Presently, she is alive with a well functioning graft and no disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Features of schizophrenic patients and patients with depression as observed by family members--symptoms, social activities and social performance.

We carried out a comparative study of a group of schizophrenic patients and a group of patients with depression, looking at 1) symptoms and social behaviors, 2) the performance level of socially expected activities and free-time activities, and 3) the level of expectations of family members with respect to patients' activities according to the results of a KAS evaluation by the family members of the two groups. The evaluation of symptoms and social behaviors by the family members clearly reflected the clinical features of schizophrenia and depression. In respect to the performance level of socially expected activities, depressive patients were evaluated significantly higher than schizophrenic patients. As for free-time activities, there were no differences between the two groups in the evaluation of levels of performance, but the family members of the depressive group expected a significantly higher level of free-time activities than was achieved, while such a significant discrepancy between expectation and performance was not observed for the schizophrenic group.

Activities of Daily Living↗