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Biomedical subjects

Y Nakai

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakai.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Relationship of regional adiposity to serum leptin level in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic male patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between serum leptin levels and regional adipose fat area, BMI, and the measures of variables including serum insulin in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 121 nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients [aged 35 to 83 years, body mass index (BMI) (15.4 to 26.8 kg/m(2))] were studied. They all were male patients. In conjunction with serum leptin level, BMI, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), and fasting concentrations of plasma glucose and serum insulin and lipids (triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol) were measured. RESULTS: Univariate regression analysis showed that serum leptin levels were positively correlated to subcutaneous (r=0.566, P<0.0001) and visceral (r=0.481, P<0.001) fat area in our diabetic patients. Furthermore, serum leptin levels were positively correlated to serum insulin (r=0.517, P<0.0001), BMI (r=0.428, P<0.0001), serum triglycerides (r=0.279, P<0.005), and age (r=0.225, P<0.05). There was, however, no relationship between serum leptin levels and measures of other variables including total and HDL cholesterol. Multiple regression analyses showed that serum leptin levels were predicted by subcutaneous fat area (F=5.92, P<0.0001) and serum insulin level (F=5.60, P<0.0001), which explained 29.0% of the variability of serum leptin concentrations in our nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic male patients. Visceral fat area, BMI, serum triglycerides, and age, however, were not independently associated with serum leptin levels in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that serum leptin levels are reflective of subcutaneous fat area in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic male patients.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2003

[Lateral femoral circumflex artery as a free graft for coronary artery bypass grafting to an 85-year-old man; report of a case].

An 85-year-old man had a 2 vessel coronary disease. Preoperative echogram showed the lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) had enough diameter and length. We performed coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) with the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and LFCA. Postoperative coronary angiogram showed that the LFCA bypass graft was patent and supplied sufficient blood to the anastomosed vessel.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Mediastinal lymph-node carcinoma with no apparent primary lesion; report of a case].

A 57-year-old woman was admitted to our department because of a chest X-ray showing a mass shadow about 40 mm in diameter in the right side of the middle of the mediastinum. A chest computed tomography(CT) scan demonstrated a large tumor, adherent to the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery. No other metastases and no primary tumor were found. The tumor was resected through median sternotomy. Intraoperative frozen section analysis showed that the mediastinal tumor was a metastatic lymph-node carcinoma. Postoperative examination, too, did not detect the primary lesion. Radiotherapy was given after the operation. This case was thought to be a very rare case of T0N2M0 lung cancer or primary mediastinal lymph-node carcinoma (yolk sac tumor).

Female↗
PubMed2002

Concentric structure of thalamic lesions in acute necrotizing encephalopathy.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANE) is characterized by multiple, symmetrical brain lesions affecting the bilateral thalami, putamina and cerebral white matter, which often show a concentric structure on CT and MRI. To reveal the pathological substrate of this finding, comparison was made between CT and necropsy findings of three fatal cases of ANE. Cranial CT demonstrated a concentric structure of the thalamocerebral lesions in one patient who died 3.5 days after the onset of encephalopathy, but not in the other two patients who died within 30 h. Neuropathological examination of postmortem brains revealed laminar changes of vascular and parenchymal pathology in all the cases. Excessive permeability of blood vessels and resultant vasogenic edema became more prominent with increasing depth from the cerebral surface. The deep portion of the lesions showed severe perivascular hemorrhage, accounting for the central high density on the CT images of one patient.

Child Welfare↗
PubMed2002

Effect of short-term low-intensity exercise on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose and lipid metabolism in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of short-term physical exercise that did not change body mass on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose and lipid metabolism in 39 non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were estimated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA-B-cell function proposed by Matthews et al., respectively. All patients were hospitalized and were engaged in low-intensity exercise that consisted of walking and dumbbell exercise for successive 7 days. There were no changes in hospital diet and the dose of any medications used throughout the study. Fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were measured before and after exercise. After exercise, serum triglyceride levels significantly decreased, but no significant changes were observed in total and HDL cholesterol concentrations. Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels significantly decreased after exercise, but HOMA-B-cell function did not change during the study. There was no significant difference between BMI levels before and after exercise. From these results, it can be concluded that short-term (7 days) low-intensity physical exercise combined with hospital diet reduces serum triglycerides, insulin resistance, and fasting glucose levels without affecting BMI in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Short communication: characterization of DRB3 alleles in the MHC of Japanese shorthorn cattle by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing.

A study was made of exon 2 of the bovine leukocyte antigen BoLA-DRB3 gene of 176 Japanese Shorthorn cattle at six farms in Japan using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). An initial round of PCR using conserved locus-specific primers, a second round of PCR using a locus-specific primer, and at least one sequence-specific primer (SSP), followed by direct sequencing of products of PCR with SSP were conducted. Twenty-one BoLA-DRB3 alleles were identified with frequencies ranging from 0.3 to 19.6% in 176 individuals, and two of these alleles were new alleles that have not been reported previously. The three most frequently observed alleles (DRB3*1201, *0301, and *0801) accounted for 43.8% of the alleles in the population of these herds. Next, we tested the products of amplification by PCR of BoLA-DRB3 exon 2 with RsaI, BstYI, and HaeIII, and identified 18 previously described PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types. The PCR-RFLP types reflected the results of PCR-SBT exactly. Our results indicate that exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene is highly polymorphic in Japanese Shorthorn cattle.

Alleles↗
PubMed2001

Increase of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after spinal cord injury.

The reaction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly understood. In this study, we examined oligodendroglial reactions after contusion SCI in adult rats by immunohistochemistry. OPCs were identified by staining with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) A2B5 and O4. Each of the A2B5-, O4-positive OPCs and galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes dramatically increased in the lesion of the dorsal posterior funiculus. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation studies showed that most O4-positive cells in the lesion were labeled with BrdU, suggesting that these OPCs were proliferative. In contrast, the expression of myelin basic protein was decreased in the lesion compared with controls that received laminectomy only. From the injured cord, OPCs were isolated by immunopanning with mAb A2B5. We observed an increased number of OPCs from the injured spinal cords compared with those isolated from controls and unoperated animals. After several days in culture, the OPCs from the lesion expressed galactocerebroside. These results suggest that OPCs are induced and can differentiate following SCI in the adult rat.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Perception of hunger to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in anorexia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on changes of hunger ratings in anorectic patients before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy. METHOD: The subjects were 17 females with restricting anorexia nervosa at low body weight (AN-R), 6 anorectic patients whose weight was restored after cognitive-behavioral therapy (AN-T), and 11 age-matched female controls. All subjects gave hunger ratings by linear visual analog technique before and after insulin or saline injection. RESULTS: Hunger ratings increased significantly 45 min after insulin injection in control females. However, ratings paradoxically decreased after insulin injection in AN-R females. They increased slightly after insulin injection in AN-T females, but the difference was not statistically significant. One-factor analysis of variance for the peak values of hunger ratings was significant. These values in control females were significantly higher than those in AN-R and AN-T females. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that perception of hunger to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in AN patients is disturbed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A study of the combination of gemcitabine hydrochloride (LY188011) and cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer: 3-week schedule.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the combination of gemcitabine (LY188011; GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) in a 4-week schedule showed a high response rate for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but GEM could not be administered on day 15 because of increased myelosuppression in many patients. The present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of GEM and CDDP in a 3-week schedule. METHODS: Patients with unresectable NSCLC without prior chemotherapy were enrolled. We administered 1000 mg/m2 of GEM on days 1 and 8, and 80 mg/m2 of CDDP on day 1. The feasibility of the combination therapy was confirmed in 8 patients, and then 20 more patients were enrolled, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy for all 28 patients. RESULTS: The response rate was 42.9% (12/28) and the median survival time was 12.6 months. Neutropenia, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia or lymphocytopenia of grade 3 or higher were observed as hematological toxicity, and anorexia, nausea, fatigue, or vomiting of grade 3 were the nonhematological toxicities, but most of these toxicities were of grade 2 or less. For GEM and CDDP, 89% and 91% of the scheduled doses, respectively, were administered. CONCLUSION: This is the first study of the combination of GEM and CDDP with a 3-week schedule in Japan, and the results showed a low level of myelosuppression, high dose intensity, and high response rate, similar to the results reported in other countries. Accordingly, the combination of GEM and CDDP with a 3-week schedule may be a promising regimen for the treatment of NSCLC in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Inflammatory pathological changes in a 2-year-old boy with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

We report histopathological findings in a 2-year-old boy with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1A, which had some similarities to those of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. These findings are unusual in adult CMT patients but are reported in some patients with corticosteroid-responsive hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) that are characterized by rapid worsening of symptoms. We administered betamethasone based on the inflammatory pathological features but no improvement was seen. Active demyelination is also reported as an early morphological feature in HMSN. It is probable that edema, active demyelination and a few onion bulb formations, which were recognized in this patient, are characteristic early histological changes of HMSN rather than those of corticosteroid-responsive HMSN.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease↗
PubMed2001

An autopsy case of giant cell myocarditis probably due to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

An autopsy case of giant cell myocarditis (GCM) in a 74-year-old woman is presented. She suffered from hepatic dysfunction, skin eruption and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to the side-effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. After admission, heart failure progressed rapidly, and the patient died suddenly. At autopsy, her heart was slightly enlarged and the heart muscle was thickened with many small whitish nodules. She was diagnosed with GCM because of the infiltration of multinuclear giant cells, histiocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes into the heart. We did not find any similar lesions in any other organs. Giant cell myocarditis, the etiology of which is not defined, is a rare disease with unfavorable prognosis. This case suggests the possibility of drug-induced GCM.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Effects of bezafibrate on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bezafibrate on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in 30 non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dL). Insulin sensitivity was measured with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) proposed by Matthews et al. HOMA-B-cell function, proposed by Matthews et al validated against minimal model-derived insulin secretion, was used to assess pancreatic insulin function. Twenty-two patients were treated with glibenclimide and the rest were treated with diet alone. All patients were treated with bezafibrate (400 mg/d) for 3 months. There were no changes in diet and the dose of any medications used throughout the study. Fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after treatment of bezafibrate. After treatment of bezafibrate for 3 months, serum triglyceride levels significantly decreased from 277 +/- 30 to 139 +/- 9 mg/dL (P <.001) and serum HDL cholesterol levels increased significantly from 45 +/- 2 to 52 +/- 2 mg/dL (P =.003). Serum cholesterol level was unchanged during the study (198 +/- 7 v 201 +/- 7 mg/dL, P =.383). Fasting glucose (163 +/- 8 v 139 +/- 6 mg/dL, P =.006) significantly decreased after the treatment with bezafibrate. HbA1c levels decreased, although not statistically significant (7.50 +/- 0.25 v 7.17% +/- 0.19%, P =.147). On the other hand, fasting insulin (9.3 +/- 0.7 v 7.3 +/- 0.5 microU/mL, P =.010) and HOMA-IR (3.61 +/- 0.24 to 2.53 +/- 0.20, P <.001) levels decreased significantly after the treatment with bezafibrate. In contrast, HOMA-B-cell function did not change during the study (41.4 +/- 5.5 v 41.8 +/- 4.7, P =.478). There was no significant difference in body mass index (BMI) levels before and after the therapy (23.0 +/- 0.4 v 23.1 +/- 0.4 kg/m(2), P =.483). From these results, it can be concluded that bezafibrate reduces serum triglycerides, insulin resistance, and fasting blood glucose levels in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of the extract of the bark of Magnolia obovata and its biphenolic constituents magnolol and honokiol on histamine release from peritoneal mast cells in rats.

We have previously reported that saiboku-to, an Oriental herbal remedy composed of a mixture of 10 different herbal extracts, possesses anti-histamine release effect on mast cells in rats. This effect may be due mainly to the extract of the bark of Magnolia obovata (M. obovata), a constituent herb of saiboku-to. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the bark extract inhibited compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced histamine release from mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner (50 % inhibitory concentration, IC(50) = 56.98 microg/ml). Furthermore, the inhibitory activity was found in the methanol fraction, but not in water and 50 % aqueous methanol fractions derived from the bark extract. Magnolol and honokiol isolated from the methanol fraction inhibited C48/80-induced histamine release from mast cells. The potency of magnolol (IC(50) = 1.04 microg/ml) was greater than that of honokiol (IC(50) = 2.77 microg/ml). Furthermore, the actual amount of magnolol (49.76 +/- 1.14 mg) contained in the bark of M. obovata (5 g) was greater than that (8.58 +/- 0.19 mg) of honokiol. Taken together, the present results suggest that magnolol may be responsible for the biological efficacy of the bark extract of M. obovata.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from Tapioca starch reduces zinc and iron absorption, but not calcium and magnesium absorption, in rats.

Male rats were fed a fiber-free, purified diet containing either gelatinized tapioca starch that was not modified chemically (TS, 50 g/kg diet) or gelatinized chemically modified tapioca starch (CMS, 50 g/kg) for 21 d. TS was used as the control. The six kinds of gelatinized hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) from tapioca with two different degrees of substitution (DS) and three different degrees of cross-linking (DC) were used as CMS sources. The wet weight and moisture of fecal output of the rats fed HDP with higher DS were 100 and 20% greater than that in the control rats, respectively. The weights of cecal wall and cecal contents were also 30 and 50% higher in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than those in the control rats. The pH of the cecal contents was more acidic in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than that in the control rats. Fecal excretion of bile acids was 40% higher in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than in the control rats. These effects of HDP were only slightly affected by the DC. The plasma cholesterol concentration was 16% lower in the rats fed HDP with higher DS and highest DC than in the control rats. The concentrations of liver lipids and plasma triglycerides and the cecal pool of organic acids were not affected by diet. The apparent absorptions of Ca and Mg were not affected by diet, but those of Zn and Fe were 75 and 70% lower in the rats fed HDP with higher DS than in the control rats. These results suggest that the physiological effects of HDP depend on the DS but not on the DC.

Animals↗