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Biomedical subjects

Y Nakae

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakae.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Cold pain prolongs gastric emptying of liquid but not solid meal: an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) study.

Stressful stimuli are reported to affect gastric emptying. However, methods for measuring gastric emptying are, in themselves, stressful. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a method for measuring gastric emptying noninvasively. We used EIT to measure gastric emptying of liquid and solid meals to determine the effect of cold pain stress on gastric emptying. EIT (DAS-01P APT system; University of Sheffield, UK) was carried out in six healthy women (age, 21.6 +/- 0.4 [mean +/- SD] years) who had ingested a liquid (potage, 263 g; 139 kcal) or solid (beef patty, 205 g; 435 kcal) test meal. Cold pain stimuli consisted of repeated immersions of the subject's non-dominant hand into ice water (4 degrees C) for 1 min, with a 15-s recovery period between immersions, for a total of 20 min. For the control stimulus, water at 37 degrees C was used. The cold pain stimulus was applied immediately after the ingestion of a test meal. All studies were carried out randomly in each subject at intervals of more than 1 week. With cold pain, the half emptying time of the liquid meal was significantly greater than that with the control stimulus (47.6 +/- 26.1 min vs 28.1 +/- 10.8 min, P < 0.05). For the solid meal, the half emptying time did not differ between stimuli (101.9 +/- 44.8 min with cold pain vs 92.6 +/- 30.5 min with control stimulus). There were no significant differences in lag time between the liquid and solid meals. Cold pain stress delayed gastric emptying of liquid but not solid meals.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Association of fasting breath nitrous oxide concentration with gastric juice nitrate and nitrite concentrations and Helicobacter pylori infection.

Fasting breath nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration was determined in relation to pH, nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) concentrations in gastric juice, and Helicobacter pylori infection in 86 successive patients. N2O was measured with an infrared-photoacoustic analyzer. NO3- and NO2- were measured using the Griess reaction. Fasting breath N2O concentration in controls (87 +/- 21 ppb) was not significantly different from that in patients with gastric ulcer or other gastric lesions. Breath N2O was significantly correlated with gastric NO3- (P < 0.01) and was higher in patients with elevated gastric NO2- (246 +/- 87 ppb) than in patients without NO2- (75 +/- 13 ppb). Breath N2O did not differ significantly between subjects who were positive or negative for H. pylori. In conclusion, fasting breath N2O concentration is in some manner related to intragastric NO3- and NO2- concentrations. The possible use of measuring breath N2O as predictors of cancer needs further research.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Preoperative anxiety and volume and acidity of gastric fluid in children.

Forty-three patients aged 3-6 years, undergoing minor surgery were studied. Parents staying with their children were asked to evaluate the anxiety of their children and themselves by a visual-analogue scale the night before surgery (VAS-N) and just before premedication in the morning (VAS-M). After induction, gastric fluid was collected and the volume and pH were measured. Patients with a VAS-M lower than 5 were considered the low-anxiety group (L-group; n=24) and the remainder comprised the high-anxiety group (H-group; n=19). The gastric volume of the H-group was significantly lower than that of the L-group. No difference was found in pH. A significant overall correlation of VAS-N was found between patients and their parents. These results suggest that the low level anxiety of children and their parents could not reduce the volume and acidity of gastric fluid and consequently the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2000

Propofol inhibits Ca(2+) transients but not contraction in intact beating guinea pig hearts.

UNLABELLED: We investigated whether propofol inhibits Ca(2+) transients and left ventricular pressure (LVP) in intact beating guinea pig hearts at clinical concentrations and whether an inhibition of Ca(2+) transients by propofol results from an impairment of sarcolemmal or of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. By using a Langendorff's preparation, transmural left ventricular phasic intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured by the fluorescence ratio of indo-1 emission at 385 nm and 456 nm and was calibrated to Ca(2+) transients (in nM). The Ca(2+) transients during each contraction were defined as available [Ca(2+)](i). Sixty hearts were perfused with modified Krebs-Ringer's solution containing lipid vehicle and propofol (1 and 10 microM) in the absence and presence of ryanodine, thapsigargin, and nifedipine, while developed LVP and available [Ca(2+)](i) were recorded. Propofol (10 microM) decreased available [Ca(2+)](i) by 11.0% +/- 1.3% without decreasing developed LVP (% of control, P < 0.05). Propofol (10 microM) caused a leftward shift in the curve of developed LVP as a function of available [Ca(2+)](i). Propofol (10 microM) with nifedipine (1 microM), but not with ryanodine (1 microM) or thapsigargin (1 microM), decreased available [Ca(2+)](i) by 15.5% +/- 1.7% (P < 0.05). Propofol decreases available [Ca(2+)](i) without decreasing cardiac contraction, and it enhances myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in intact beating hearts at clinical concentrations. The inhibition of available [Ca(2+)](i) by propofol may be mainly mediated by an impairment of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) handling rather than the sarcolemmal L-type Ca(2+) current. IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study of the effects of propofol on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity under physiologic conditions in intact isolated beating guinea pig hearts.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed2000

Do plasma and urine trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) really increase in trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis?

Plasma and urine levels of trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) reflect the severity of acute pancreatitis in experimental and clinical acute pancreatitis. In trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats, the extrinsic bovine trypsin used for the induction of pancreatitis might influence on the TAP levels after induction of pancreatitis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether infused trypsin itself affects TAP levels in trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis. Rats were divided into three groups. In the pancreatitis group, acute pancreatitis was induced by a retrograde infusion of bovine trypsin and sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. In the duct infusion group and peritoneal injection group, a mixture of bovine trypsin and trypsin inhibitor, ONO-3403, was infused into the pancreatic duct or the peritoneal cavity. Plasma and urine TAP concentration significantly increased in trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis but not in the duct infusion and peritoneal injection groups for 6 hours after the infusion of trypsin. Serum rat immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and amylase significantly increased in the pancreatitis and duct infusion groups but not in the peritoneal injection group. Serum levels of bovine IRT in the pancreatitis group was significantly lower than those in duct infusion and peritoneal injection groups. In conclusion, an intraductal infusion of bovine trypsin itself into pancreatic duct does not influence the levels of plasma and urine TAP in trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

The effect of chronic exercise on the rat pancreas.

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that chronic physical exercise increases pancreatic protein content and basal amylase secretion. It is unknown whether chronic exercise causes hypertrophy or proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells. METHODS: Female F344 rats (age, 6 wk) were divided into control (n = 7) and exercise (n = 6) groups. Food consumption was matched between the 2 groups. Rats in the control group were kept sedentary. Rats in the exercise group were exercised for 60 min, 5 d/wk during the experiment. After 8 wk, the pancreas and hindlimb muscles were rapidly excised and weighed. Protein and DNA content and enzyme activity in pancreatic tissue were measured. Pancreatic tissues from control and exercised rats were also prepared for transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Inhibition of growth and hypertrophy of hindlimb muscles were exhibited by the exercise group. In the exercise group, pancreatic wet weight, protein content, and amylase and lipase activities, but not DNA content, were significantly higher than those in the control group. Electron micrographs clearly revealed that acinar cells were hypertrophied and zymogen granules were increased in number in exercised rats. CONCLUSION: Chronic endurance exercise increases pancreatic weight, protein content and enzyme activity through hypertrophy of acinar cells.

Amylases↗
PubMed2000

[Two sibling patients with non-Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy with low serum selenium levels--therapeutic effects of oral selenium administration].

We report a pair of siblings with non-Fukuyama type, merosin-positive congenital muscular dystrophy, born to unrelated parents. Patient 1 was a 16-year-old girl with myopathy, cardiomyopathy, severe mental retardation and epilepsy. Patient 2 was a younger brother of patient 1, a 10-year-old boy with myopathy, severe mental retardation and epilepsy. Their serum selenium levels were decreased to 25 micrograms/l and 55 micrograms/l, respectively (normal 97-147 micrograms/l). Their muscle biopsy findings were similar to those seen in selenium deficient myopathy, showing abnormal mitochondrial distribution and giant mitochondria. After oral administration of selenium for 3 months, their gait disturbance apparently improved, which was confirmed by a gait analysis system. Why their gait improved remain unclear, but a defect in selenium metabolism may play a role in the development of congenital muscular dystrophy and mental retardation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1999

Localisation and quantification of dehydrogenase activities in single muscle fibers of mdx gastrocnemius.

The kinetics of succinate (SDH) and lactate (LDH) dehydrogenases were determined in single muscle fibres in unfixed sections of the gastrocnemius of dystrophic mdx mice (with an X-linked genetic disorder lacking a cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin) and age-matched C57BL/10 control mice. Quantitative gel substrate-film techniques and a real-time image analysis system were used. Three main fibre types were observed in regenerated mdx gastrocnemius and in corresponding controls: small fibres (S) with high SDH and LDH initial reaction velocities and activities, large fibres (L) with low activities of these dehydrogenases and intermediate-sized fibres (I) with intermediate enzyme activities. The small and intermediate fibres in both mdx and control muscles exhibited respectively high and moderate sub-sarcolemmal SDH and LDH activities attributable to accumulated mitochondria. The ratios of the initial velocities of the intrinsic enzyme reactions in the sarcoplasm, excluding the subsarcolemmal regions, of mdx muscle fibres compared to those in control fibres were 0.958 (S), 1.09 (I) and 0.959 (L) for SDH, and 1.03 (S), 1.06 (I) and 1.07 (L) for LDH. A parameter a, a measure of the diffusion of LDH out of muscle sections during incubation on gel substrate films, was found to be 0.981 and 1.00 in mdx and control muscles, respectively. Thus there are no significant differences in the activities and microenvironments of the enzymes between regenerated mdx muscle fibres and normal control muscle fibres. These data suggest that dystrophin deficiency in mdx muscles has no effects on the interactions of LDH with cytoskeletal proteins or on SDH activities in mitochondria whose number and morphology differ in mdx muscle fibres compared to those in normal controls. SDH and LDH activities were also found in the mitochondria clustered on two longitudinally directed poles of each central nucleus in regenerated mdx muscle fibres. They were proportional to the activities in the sarcoplasm excluding the subsarcolemmal regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effects of aging and gastric lipolysis on gastric emptying of lipid in liquid meal.

Lipid delays gastric emptying, and aging is associated with changes in gastric motor function and transit. However, little is known about the effect of lipid on gastric emptying time in the elderly. To determine the effect of aging on lipid gastric emptying, we used electrical impedance tomography (EIT) to study gastric emptying of liquid meals with or without lipid in five young (23.0 +/- 0.6 years, mean +/- SEM) and six elderly (73.3 +/- 1.6 years) healthy male volunteers. These subjects drank 400 ml of non-lipid soup (triglycerides, 0 g) or lipid soup (triglycerides, 24.6g) in liquid test meals. To study the effect of lipolysis in the stomach, a liquid test meal containing 240mg of lipase in the lipid soup was also administered. Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration was measured by specific radioimmunoassay before and 30 min after the ingestion of a test meal. The gastric emptying time of the lipid soup was longer in the elderly than in the young subjects, and the time was significantly longer for lipid soup than for nonlipid soup (P < 0.05) in both the young and elderly subjects. Gastric emptying time for non-lipid soup was not significantly different between the elderly and young subjects. The administration of lipase shortened the gastric emptying time for lipid in both the elderly and the young subjects. Basal CCK concentration was significantly higher in the elderly than in the young subjects. However, there was no relationship between gastric emptying time and plasma CCK concentration after the ingestion of a test meal in the subjects overall. In conclusion, the delaying effect of lipid on gastric emptying is increased in the elderly, and the administration of lipase accelerates the emptying of lipid from the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Molecular forms of serum pancreatic stone protein in acute pancreatitis.

CONCLUSION: Elevation of serum pancreatic stone protein-(PSP) S1 suggests activation of trypsinogen in the pancreas. This information would prompt the start of intensive treatment and may improve prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). BACKGROUND: PSP exists in two molecular forms, PSP-S2-5 and PSP-S1. PSP-S1 is produced by enzyme cleavage of PSP-S2-5 by trypsin. Total serum PSP rose in AP, but little is known about its molecular forms. In this study, we characterized the molecular forms of serum PSP in AP. METHODS: Sera were taken from 8 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (sAP) and from 11 patients with mild acute pancreatitis (mAP). Serum PSP was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by the specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS: The total serum PSP in sAP was higher than in mAP, but the difference was not significant. The PSP-S1 was detected in serum in all (7/7) patients in sAP and in 72% (8/11) of patients in mAP. Serum level of PSP-S1 was significantly higher in sAP than that in mAP (p < 0.05), and the cutoff value to distinguish the two groups was 30 ng/mL. Serum PSP-S1 did not show significant correlation with total PSP, immunoreactive trypsin, or C-reactive protein.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Investigation of school life of children with acquired brain damage].

We investigated the status of the school life of 72 children with acquired brain damage attending to different schools: special schools (30 cases), special classes in an ordinary school (9 cases), and ordinary schools (33 cases). In the special school group, the main disorder was the sequelae of encephalitis/encephalopathy; there were 26 cases unable to walk, 29 with severe mental retardation, and 25 with epilepsy. In the ordinary school group, main problems were the sequelae of a cerebrovascular disorder or a traumatic brain injury. Impairment was mild in this group; only 2 cases were unable to walk, and only 4 were mentally retarded. However, many patients had learning difficulty and costed the families much work to achieve school lives. In all groups, the use of welfare equipments improved the activity of daily living. We emphasize that welfare equipments and community support systems should be utilized for these children.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Effect of a new inhibitor of type II phospholipase A2 on experimental acute pancreatitis in rats.

The catalytic activity of type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in blood has been reported to increase in acute pancreatitis and to reflect the severity of pancreatitis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a new inhibitor of type II PLA2, S5920/LY315920Na, on trypsin-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by an infusion of a mixture of trypsin and taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. S5920/LY315920Na was administered subcutaneously at 0 h and 3 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Survival rates for 24 h in rats treated with 0.1 and 1 mg/kg of S5920/LY315920Na were significantly higher than that in untreated rats (71 and 86% vs. 14%). Serum levels of amylase and lipase in rats treated with 1 mg/kg of S5920/LY315920Na were significantly lower than those in untreated rats (amylase, 6,903 vs. 32,516 U/L; and lipase, 514 vs. 6,710 U/L) at the time of death or 24 h after the induction of pancreatitis. Plasma levels of S5920/LY315920Na were enough to inhibit catalytic activity of PLA2 in plasma for 9 h. A new inhibitor of type II PLA2, S5920/LY315920Na, inhibited catalytic activity of PLA2 and improved the survival rate in experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

[Functional outcome after diffuse axonal injury in childhood traumatic brain injury].

We investigated the functional prognosis after traumatic diffuse axonal injury in children. We evaluated the status of the acute stage, as well as the functional independence measure (FIM) and intelligence quotient (IQ) at 4, 12, and 24 months after the injury. Physical disabilities persisted in all but 1 case, but 5 cases could walk by themselves after 1 year. IQ at 2 years after the injury was 64 in one case, but between 81 and 100 in others. Concerning the higher cortical function, all cases showed memory disturbance. None developed epilepsy. All cases showed abnormalities on cerebral MRI. Five of the 7 cases showed EEG abnormalities. As to the course of recovery scaled by FIM and IQ, marked improvement was seen in 4 cases during the first 4 months, 3 cases during the first 1 year. After 1 year, the degree of improvement became slower in all. All cases showed learning disability at school.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Cold milk accelerates oro-cecal transit time during the luteal phase but not the follicular phase in women.

The effect of the menstrual cycle on oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) has been controversial. Since poor reproducibility of OCTT measurements by lactulose might be responsible for this controversy, we measured OCTT with either milk or a solid test meal during the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine healthy young women (21.9 +/- 0.42 years old) with regular menstruation were studied for 4 consecutive menstrual cycles. Control (37 degrees C) or cold (10 degrees C) milk was used as a liquid meal, and the OCTT measurements were taken 3 times at each milk temperature during each of the 2 phases for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. OCTT after a solid test meal (cooked rice, miso soup, a boiled egg, and cooked soybeans with mixed vegetables) was studied twice in 1 menstrual cycle. Breath hydrogen was determined every 15 min for 6 h. OCTT was defined as the time when breath hydrogen showed a sustained rise of 3 ppm or more from baseline. OCTT was not different between the luteal and follicular phases when the test meal was control milk or the solid meal. When cold milk was used as the test meal, OCTT was significantly shorter during the luteal phase (134 +/- 15 min) than during the follicular phase (165 +/- 21 min). In conclusion, cold milk accelerates OCTT during the luteal phase but not the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in women.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Triggering delay time and work of breathing in three paediatric patient-triggered ventilators.

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of three patient-triggered ventilators by evaluating triggering delay time and pressure-volume loops during initiation of inspiration. METHODS: In a two-part study, a model lung was used in part 1 and 20 children, after tracheal intubation, in part 2. Triggering delay time and work of breathing (WOB) during pressure support ventilation using three patient-triggered ventilators: Servo Ventilator 300, VIP Bird, and SLE 2000 Neonatal Ventilator. Triggering delay time was from the beginning of negative deflection in the oesophageal pressure trace, to the onset of inspiration. The WOB was estimated directly by measuring the oesophageal pressure-volume loop. RESULTS: The Servo demonstrated superior triggering delay time and reduced WOB in the model study. The VIP Bird demonstrated shorter triggering delay and reduced WOB in the clinical component of the study. In the model lung, triggering delay time in the Servo 300 [62 +/- 6 msec (mean +/- SD)] was shorter than that in the VIP Bird (76 +/- 7 msec) (P < 0.05), and WOB with the SLE 2000 (202 +/- 37 g.cm) was greater than with other ventilators, (Servo 300, 112 +/- 32 g.cm and VIP Bird 72 +/- 41 g.cm) (P < 0.05). In the clinical study, triggering delay time in the VIP Bird (52 +/- 19 msec) was shorter than in the other ventilators, Servo 300 (66 +/- 14 msec), SLE 2000 (68 +/- 65 msec) (P < 0.05). The Servo 300 (56 +/- 34 g.cm) required higher WOB than the other ventilators: VIP Bird (22 +/- 12 g.cm), SLE 2000 (14 +/- 3 g.cm) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Comparative model lung performance of these ventilators does not correspond with their clinical performance. In our clinical evaluation, the VIP Bird ventilator demonstrated superior performance with shorter triggering delay time, low WOB needed to initiate inspiration, and little air leak.

Air Pressure↗