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Biomedical subjects

Y Nakada

Publications and source records attributed to Y Nakada.

136 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiological survey of severely mentally and physically disabled children in Okinawa.

A survey of severely mentally and physically disabled children (SDC) aged 6-15 years was conducted in Okinawa. There were a total of 170 SDC on 1 May 1989, the prevalence rate being 0.89/1,000. The prevalence rate of SDC over the last 20 years has shown a decreasing trend, which seems to be associated with the decreased incidence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the latter half of the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. Furthermore, CP accounted for the largest percentage (51.8%) of underlying disorders or conditions of SDC, similar to 20 years ago. This suggests that the incidence of CP could be an important factor in the prevalence of SDC. In addition, the percentages of SDC with CP with profound mental impairment and epilepsy, 97.7% and 79.5%, respectively, were larger than 20 years ago. This suggests that SDC with CP who have severe associated impairments have increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of pseudo-Zellweger syndrome with a possible bifunctional enzyme deficiency but detectable enzyme protein. Comparison of two cases of Zellweger syndrome.

Three infants with peroxisomal disorders were investigated clinicobiochemically and neuroradiologically. Two had classical Zellweger syndrome, and cranial CT scans showed typical disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles (colpocephaly) with marked hypodensity of the white matter. In one female infant, although the clinical findings were similar to those in Zellweger syndrome, some findings, such as elevated transaminase levels, liver fibrosis, the absence of renal cortical cysts and colpocephaly, were negative or milder. Biochemical analyses revealed increased very long-chain fatty acids, dicarboxylic aciduria and impaired beta-oxidation of lignoceric acid. However, peroxisomes were abundantly present in hepatocytes and cultured fibroblasts, and all peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme proteins were detected on immunoblot analysis. A cell fusion study suggested that the enzyme responsible for this case of 'pseudo-Zellweger syndrome' is bifunctional.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ameliorative effects of a cognitive enhancer, T-588, on place learning deficits induced by transient forebrain ischemia in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the effect of (1R)-1-benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl-2-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol hydrochloride (T-588), a newly synthesized cognitive enhancer, on place learning deficits in rats with damage selective to the hippocampal CA1 subfield induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Three weeks after the ischemic insult, T-588 was daily administered (0.3 or 3.0 mg/kg/day po). Place learning was tested in a task in which the rat was required to alternatively visit two places located diametrically opposite each other in an open field. The ischemic rats without the treatment of T-588 displayed severe learning impairment in this task; their performance level was significantly inferior to that of the sham-operated rats. The treatment of T-588 improved dose-dependently the task performance in ischemic rats, although no apparent protective effects on ischemic damage were found histologically. These results suggested that T-588 has ameliorative effects on learning deficits induced by brain ischemia, which could be produced through enhancement of residual cognitive functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thermoradiotherapy of refractory malignant tumors: an experience with microwave and RF capacitive hyperthermia.

Basic and clinical evidence that hyperthermia with radiation therapy or selected chemotherapy could significantly improve therapeutic ratios has attracted considerable interest. A variety of heating equipment and techniques have been used in many early clinical studies, with encouraging results: 60-70% with complete tumor regression without concomitant increase of normal-tissue toxicity. New generations of hyperthermia systems being developed should improve results significantly. However, since tumor response is directly related to hyperthermic temperature and the uniformity of the temperature distribution within target tissues, adequate characterization of the temperature profile within tumors as well as normal tissues is of primary importance. Clinical experience with microwave hyperthermia treatment combined with radiotherapy has been encouraging (complete regression response rate of 68% in 63 tumors in 50 patients) at Duke and VA Medical Centers, as have the results obtained (complete regression in 21 of 40 tumors treated in one clinic; 13 of 20 tumors treated in another clinic) with an 8-MHz RF capacitive hyperthermia system being evaluated in Japan.

Adenocarcinoma↗