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Biomedical subjects

Y Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to Y Murakami.

At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The mentality differences between the delinquent and non-delinquent boys].

The purpose is to explore the mentality differences between the delinquents and non-delinquents by sixty-item questionnaire. Subjects were 41 delinquents in the reformatory and 86 high school boys. In the first analysis, principal factor and geomax rotation were applied to these items, which yielded sociability, self-esteem, and will-power factors. ANOVA of scores on these three factors classified two groups well. In the second analysis, oblique geomax rotation as applied to the two groups separately. The data of delinquents yielded five factors, characterized by problem behavior and timidness, while the data of non-delinquents yielded three factors. The similarity of structure between the two was low, when the best matching solutions were considered as criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of computerized tomography-guided stereotactic evacuation of putaminal hematomas by somatosensory evoked potentials].

Computerized tomography (CT) guided stereotactic evacuation of intracerebral hematomas is effective and little invasive treatment at subacute or chronic stage. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of 23 patients with putaminal hemorrhage whose stereotactic evacuations were performed from day 4 to day 24 are studied about surgical result and CT findings. As for SEP, N20 which is thought to be generated in the thalamus or in the primary parietal area receiving direct projections from the thalamus is used for comparison with functional recovery. Among 12 patients whose N20s before the evacuation showed normal, 9 had good recovery of their hemiplegia. Motor recovery tended to begin quickly after the evacuation and the evacuation of hematomas were thought to make better result than conservative treatment. CT findings of 9 patients with good recovery revealed that the hematomas didn't invade to the internal capsule or invaded to the posterior part of the posterior limb alone. Among 3 patients whose N20s before the evacuation were not distinct and those after the evacuation were normal, 2 had good recovery of their hemiplegia. As those hematomas were relatively large but located laterally, the internal capsule was seem to be not invaded but only compressed. Among 8 patients whose N20s were not distinct both before and after the evacuation, 7 could not get the recovery of their hemiplegia. CT findings of them revealed that the hematomas were large or invaded toward the internal capsule and thalamus. From this study N20s of SEPs are thought to be useful to the decision of indication and the prediction of the functional prognosis about stereotactic evacuation of putaminal hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Excisional surgery of hypopharyngeal cancer and primary reconstruction of the defect].

A combination of total laryngopharyngectomy and primary reconstruction of the cervical esophagus is the operation of choice in the treatment of advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. For the excision, the most important task for the surgeon is to estimate the adequate safety margins superiorly and inferiorly. In order to ensure safer margins, animal experiments on lymph-flow in the submucosal layer of the hypopharyngeal cavity that is considered to be responsible for invisible submucosal invasion of cancer, were undertaken. Based on the results of both these experiments and clinical observations of many cases, it appeared most likely that cancers in the pyriform sinus or in the posterior wall tend to spread upward to the oropharyngeal cavity, while those in the postcricoid region have a tendency to invade in every direction but mainly downward to the cervical esophagus. In many cases, therefore, the cavity should be excised at a level just inferior to the palatine tonsil with a safety margin of more than 2 cm. The inferior excision level, on the other hand, should be decided according to whether the invasion extends beyond the level of the 7th cervical vertebra. When the tumor invades down to the level of the thoracic vertebrae, total esophagectomy should be indicated because of the high incidence of skip lesions in the lower esophagus. For better prognosis, bilateral neck dissection is recommended, since hypopharyngeal cancer has high (more than 30%) incidence of contralateral neck metastasis except for well differentiated T2 lesions in the pyriform sinus. For reconstruction of the cervical esophagus, a one-stage technique using a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has many advantages over other options, and technical details are reported here in this paper. In some patients, however, this technique is not advisable. In female patients with large breasts or thick subcutaneous fat, the flap cannot be utilized because of its bulkiness, and a newly developed technique that uses a skin-grafted pectoralis major muscle flap is indicated. For patients with a history of heavy radiotherapy, the use of the flap is also contra-indicated because of the risk of salivary fistula, and a staged operation using a deltopectoral skin flap is recommended.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[5 cases of renal pelvis and ureteral tumor].

The clinical results of three renal pelvic tumors and two ureteral tumors, experienced at Shimizu City Hospital between 1983 and 1985 are reviewed. The average age of the 5 patients was 56.8 years. The ratio of men to women was 4 to 1. The right side was involved in 4 cases and the left side in 1 case. The initial symptom was gross hematuria in all cases. Results of urinary cytology were positive in 3 cases. The prognosis of the patients with a high grade and high stage tumor was poor.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Role of antizyme in degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in HTC cells.

A good correlation was observed between the reciprocal of the half-life of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in the presence of cycloheximide and the relative amount of ODC-antizyme complex to total ODC (free ODC plus complexed ODC) activity in HTC cells examined at various times after cell dilution or change of medium. Pretreatment of cells with putrescine increased the relative amount of ODC-antizyme complex and decreased the half-life of ODC decay. These results suggested that antizyme plays a key role in ODC degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Accumulation of ornithine decarboxylase-antizyme complex in HMOA cells.

A new method was developed for the assay of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)-antizyme complex, in which alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-inactivated ODC was used to release active ODC competitively from the complex. ODC-antizyme complex was present in the extracts of hepatoma tissue-culture (HTC) cells and of ODC-stabilized variant HMOA cells, in much larger amounts in the latter. Cellular amounts of the complex fluctuated after a change of medium in a similar manner in HTC and HMOA cells, increasing during the period of ODC decay. After treatment with cycloheximide, the decay of ODC-antizyme complex in HMOA cells was more rapid than the decay of free ODC, but it was much slower than the decay of free ODC or complexed ODC in HTC cells. Administration of putrescine caused a rapid increase in the amount of ODC-antizyme complex in both HTC and HMOA cells, but nevertheless the decay of total ODC (free ODC plus ODC-antizyme complex) was more rapid with putrescine than with cycloheximide. These results suggested the possibility that ODC is degraded through complex-formation with antizyme. In contrast with complexed antizyme, free antizyme was not stabilized in HMOA cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Molecular mechanism for the regulation of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase.

A single injection of thioacetamide into starved rats induced a 40- to 100-fold increase in hepatic ODC activity. However, immunotitratable ODC protein increased by only 5-fold because of the presence of significant amounts of inactive ODC protein in the liver of untreated starved rats. Polysomal ODC-mRNA activity also increased only 5-fold, a significant amount being present in control liver. Furthermore, the peak of polysomal ODC-mRNA activity preceded that of ODC activity or ODC protein by several hours. These results indicate that the enzyme induction is due not only to increase in polysomal ODC-mRNA activity, but also to some translational and/or post-translational regulation. Exogenously administered diamines or polyamines cause rapid decay of ODC activity and induce antizyme that binds to ODC and inactivates it. Another protein factor, antizyme inhibitor, was found in the liver of thioacetamide-treated or protein-fed rats. Antizyme inhibitor binds to antizyme and reactivates ODC in the ODC-antizyme complex. A small, but significant, amount of antizyme was found in the liver of starved rats. Only small amounts of ODC-antizyme complex were detected in rat liver and cultured hepatocytes, even during the period of rapid ODC decay caused by exogenously added diamines. On the other hand, the complex was present in HTC cells and more especially in ODC-stabilized HMOA cells, even under physiological conditions. On addition of 10(-2) M putrescine, the amount of complex first increased and then decreased in both types of cells. Decay of total ODC activity (free plus complexed ODC) was more rapid with putrescine than with cycloheximide. These results suggest that antizyme plays an essential role in the degradation of ODC by a catalytic effect both in the presence and absence of exogenous putrescine and that antizyme inhibitor stabilizes ODC by removing antizyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Excision level and indication for contralateral neck dissection in hypopharyngeal cancer surgery.

Margins of extirpated specimens of hypopharyngeal cancer were examined histopathologically. Residual cancer nest, which is most likely due to directional preponderance of the submucosal lymph flow of the hypopharyngeal cavity, was characteristically demonstrated at the superior margin and in the submucosal layer. We propose that laryngopharyngectomy be done at the extended excision level superiorly at the base of the palatine tonsil and inferiorly at the level of the 2nd thoracic vertebra and with a safety margin of at least 2 cm. The incidence of ipsilateral and contralateral neck metastasis was also histopathologically evaluated from specimens obtained by neck dissection. Contralateral neck metastasis was histopathologically confirmed in more than 30% of the cases examined and showed a difference in incidence related to histological differentiation and T classification. We conclude that bilateral neck dissection is advisable in all cases of hypopharyngeal cancer except for patients with a well-differentiated T2 lesion.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis by a trough technique.

Many methods have been tried and reported in the treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis. Among them, a trough technique seems universal at present. To date, we have tried several methods of this technique, but each method had its own demerits. We used, as a cartilagenous framework, a homograft or tracheal ring cartilages for the last four cases of laryngotracheal stenosis. These tracheal ring cartilages were resected from relatively young patients with laryngeal carcinoma. Total laryngectomy was done just below the level of the fourth tracheal ring, then the fourth tracheal ring was resected and stored in 70% alcohol. The cartilage was used after it was made certain pathologically that there was no invasion of carcinoma at the third tracheal ring level. The operative procedure of this trough technique is as follows. In the first stage, a trough is created at the stenosed region and the trough is maintained by placing a Quick Set Silicone (Q.S.S.) stent mold over it. While waiting for scar formation of the tissues surrounding the trachea, the second stage reconstruction is performed four weeks after the first. The trough is closed with hinged skin flaps on both sides, and the reserved tracheal ring cartilages are sutured every 5 mm onto the outer surface of the hinged skin flaps to make a cartilagenous framework. The neck is closed with advanced neck skin flaps. A more ideal tracheal lumen is created by this technique. Our four patients are doing well two years or more after the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Scintiscanning of mucoepidermoid tumor of the parotid gland.

99mTc-O4 and/or 67Ga-citrate scintigraphies were preoperatively applied to 13 cases of parotid mucoepidermoid tumor. The resected specimens were histopathologically subdivided into three types: well (6 cases), moderately (one case), and poorly differentiated (6 cases). As the other parotid neoplasms except adenolymphoma and oxyphilic adenoma, all poorly differentiated tumors showed focal defect image in 99mTc-O4 scintiscanning (4/4). They indicated a focal hot image in 67Ga-citrate scanning at a high rate (4/6). Otherwise, well differentiated tumors were scarcely pointed out in cold image and were usually indicated as a symmetrical image (5/6) in 99mTc-O4 scanning. None of them showed a focal hot image in 67Ga-citrate scanning, but two cases indicated diffuse increased uptake and another case showed a focal defect image. The clinical prognosis of mucoepidermoid tumors is extremely correlated to the degree of cell differentiation in our prospective study. For that reason, the therapeutic method should be carefully selected in the tumors suspected of low grade malignancy. Our study suggests that RI (99mTc-O4 and 67Ga-citrate) scintigraphy is helpful in evaluating the malignancy grade of mucoepidermoid tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Characteristics of the epithelial component of parotid adenolymphoma.

Parotid adenolymphoma is composed of two histologic components, epithelial and lymphoid. Although some theories regarding the histogenesis of this tumor have long been disputed, there have been no definite conclusions. The purpose of this study was to clarify the origin of the epithelial components of this tumor using histochemical and immunopathological techniques, electron microscopy and a survey of HE-stained tumor sections. The results obtained indicated that the functions of the epithelial components were similar to those of the striated duct of the normal parotid gland, and morphological studies showed that the origin of the epithelial components may arise from parotid ductal inclusion in the lymphnodes in or around the parotid gland.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1985

Localized colitis cystica profunda of the sigmoid colon.

Localized colitis cystica profunda (CCP) is a rare condition found in the rectum. Localized CCP of 70-year-old man was found in the sigmoid colon, it was accompanied by a cancer in the ascending colon and an adenomatous polyp with focal malignancy in the sigmoid colon. Colonoscopically, the tumor appeared like a submucosal tumor.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of mouse FM3A cells defective in DNA replication.

The characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant (tsFT20 strain, dnats) of mouse FM3A cells is reported. After incubation of tsFT20 cells at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C), DNA synthesis ceased with little change in either RNA or protein synthesis. Flow-microfluorometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle of tsFT20 cells grown at 39 degrees C for 16 hr was similar to that of wild-type cells that were synchronized at the G1/S boundary and at S phase by treatment with aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. The DNA polymerase alpha activity of tsFT20 cells measured in crude cell extracts or in purified preparations was inactivated more rapidly at 39 degrees C than the activity of wild-type cells. In the growth revertants of the tsFT20 cell strain, the heat lability of DNA polymerase alpha decreased. These data suggest that tsFT20 is a temperature-sensitive mutant of DNA polymerase alpha or of a factor associated with DNA polymerase alpha that is essential for its activity.

Animals↗