Characterization of complement-independent neutralizing epitopes on pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gp50.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Murakami
Publications and source records attributed to Y Murakami.
[Study on recurrence of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage].
Recurrence of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage confirmed by computed tomography scan has rarely been reported. The authors have experienced nine cases of recurrent hemorrhage among 494 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Recurrence rate was 1.8%. There were eight males and one female with an average age of 60.5 years. Six cases had their first and second attacks in ganglionic regions. Among them, three cases had the second attack in the ipsilateral side, and the other three cases had the second attack in the contralateral side. Two cases had the first attack in the thalamic and the second in the cerebellar regions. One case had the first attack in the pontine and the second in the putaminal regions. Intervals between the first and second attacks were within 6 months for ipsilateral ganglionic attacks and over 4 years for contralateral ganglionic attacks. In all cases systemic blood pressure was normalized or well controlled by antihypertensive agents after the first attack. The mechanism of rebleeding has not been clarified.
Activities of Daily Living↗
[Clinical application of evoked otoacoustic emission].
Evaluations were made concerning the efficiency and location of the optimal index values of the e-OAE recording method of ILO88 on 10 normal hearing subjects and 10 subjects having inner ear hearing loss. Furthermore, noise from the surrounding environment, noise made during the time of measurement, and the depth of probe insertion into the external auditory meatus as well as the type of probe tip used, were also studied in relation to its effect on the e-OAE recording method in 5 other normal hearing subjects. The results were as follows; 1) Total echo power (TEP) and the highest peak between the 1-2kHz frequency range (HPP1-2) were considered to be the optimal index values for ILO88. 2) The surrounding noise did not cause any significant change in the TEP and HPP1-2 values. 3) Noise during the actual measurement by the patient did not cause any significant change in the TEP and HPP1-2 values. 4) The depth of probe insertion into the external auditory meatus had no significant effect upon the TEP and HPP1-2 values. 5) Data reproducibility was difficult and e-OAE power was less for the pinch pump type ear cuff compared to the rubber and silicon probe tips. In conclusion, TEP and HPP1-2 were considered to be the optimal index values for ILO88, and with the use of an appropriate probe tip, it is possible to obtain accurate data with the application of the e-OAE recording method regardless of external noise from the surrounding environment or by patients such as infants.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[Immunohistochemical investigation on expression of cytokeratins in normal epithelium, precancerous lesions and carcinomas of the hypopharynx].
In order to obtain a more objective method to evaluate epithelial disorders and carcinomas of the hypopharynx, the expression pattern of cytokeratins (CKs) was investigated by ABC technique using several kinds of monoclonal antibodies that react monospecifically with each subclass of CKs. In normal epithelia, CK-19 was strongly positive in the basal layer but apparently reduced in suprabasal layers and completely negative in superficial layers, while CK-13 showed a striking contrast to CK-19, being expressed within the whole thickness of epithelia except only in the basal layer. These 2 subclasses were also observed in "abnormal" epithelia, and characteristic changes of their combination were demonstrated in proportion to the histological gradings. In invasive carcinomas, CK-19 was strongly positive in all carcinoma cells of poorly differentiated carcinomas. It was sporadically positive in moderately differentiated carcinomas, the more differentiated the more sporadic. It was completely negative in well differentiated carcinomas. CK-13, on the other hand, was negative in poorly differentiated carcinomas but positive in keratinized cells of moderately or well differentiated carcinomas. Strong expression of CK-1 was observed only in well keratinized cells of hyperkeratotic epithelia and well differentiated carcinomas. These characteristic findings are consistently observed in all samples and, then, may be useful in evaluating epithelial disorders and carcinomas of the hypopharynx, when used in conjunction with standard histological techniques. It seems most likely that these results play a part in investigating normal and abnormal processes of cell differentiation.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Secondary malignant tumors of the temporal bone. A histopathologic study and review of the world literature].
Metastatic involvement of the temporal bone by malignant tumors is considered to be rare. The actual incidence of metastatic temporal bone tumors, however, is probably much higher than suggested by reports in the literature. The reason for this is that histologic studies are rarely performed on temporal bones in routine postmortem examinations of patients with possible metastatic disease. Also, in patients with multiple metastatic lesions, otologic complaints and signs may often be overshadowed by other more disabling symptoms. Twelve temporal bones were histopathologically examined from 6 patients who had metastatic temporal bone disease from various primaries and the results obtained in our present series of 6 cases were: 3 cases of hematogenous dissemination from a distant primary (a hepatic cell carcinoma, a bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, and an adenocarcinoma of unknown primary); 2 cases of direct invasion from adjacent head and neck tumors (squamous cell carcinomas of the eyelid and hypopharynx); and one case of diffuse metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (a transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis). Among these, to our knowledge either hepatic cell carcinoma or renal pelvis carcinoma metastatic to the temporal bone has not been reported previously in the world literature. We reviewed the previously published reports of metastatic temporal bone tumors and found that there were 212 reported cases cited in the literature and that the most common sites of origin in order of frequency were breast, lung, pharynx, kidney, and prostate. Our temporal bone study and literature survey reveal that there are three distinct routes of tumor spread from the primaries to the temporal bone: 1) hematogenous dissemination from a distant primary, 2) direct neoplastic extension from adjacent areas, and 3) diffuse metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (DMLC). Our study also indicates that in most cases temporal bone symptoms appeared late in the course of disease, but in some cases the otologic symptoms were an initial sign of tumor, which was particularly conspicuous in the cases of DMLC. In the cases of hematogenous dissemination, the metastatic lesion tends to be overlooked or undiagnosed because occult metastases are relatively common or, when symptomatic, the otologic symptoms often resemble the features characterized by a severe form of mastoiditis. In the cases of direct neoplastic invasion, on the other hand, recognition of temporal bone involvement is usually simple since the primary disease is quite evident. Although metastatic temporal bone malignancies are rare, otologist should always be aware of existence of this disease entity in clinical practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Aged↗
Recurrence after incompletely resected acousticus neurinomas.
It is known that the recurrence rate is high when an acoustic neurinoma is incompletely excised, but the details of the process of recurrence are still unclear. We reviewed the recurrence of acoustic neurinomas, as evaluated by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in 51 consecutive patients over the past 10 years who underwent tumor resection and had postoperative follow-up by CT or MRI. The factors promoting recurrence related to incomplete excision of tumor were analyzed. Total resection of the tumor was performed in 22 patients (43%), nearly total resection in 17 patients (33%) and subtotal resection in 12 patients (24%). The recurrence rates were 29% (5 of 17 patients) and 25% (2 of 8 patients) for nearly total and subtotal resection, respectively, whereas no recurrence occurred following total resection. Of the patients having nearly total resection, all recurrences arose from residual tumor in the internal auditory meatus (5 of 12 patients). In contrast, there were no recurrences from residual tumor at the site of the brain stem (none of 4 patients). Acoustic neurinomas should be totally removed through neurosurgical and neuro-otological approaches whenever possible. If a small fragment of tumor is left in the internal auditory meatus due to fear of damaging the facial or cochlear nerves, it should be strictly followed up by CT or MRI.
Adolescent↗
[Molecular biology of SV 40, polyomavirus and adenovirus].
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Adenoviridae↗
[Diagnosis of a predisposition of retinoblastoma at the DNA level].
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor that arises in the eyes of children at a frequency of about 1 in 15,000 live births in Japan. Thirty to 40 percent of the patients with retino-blastoma have a heritable predisposition to this tumor. This predisposition is determined by a germinal mutation in the RB gene, which was located at q14 region of chromosome 13 and isolated in 1986. Retinoblastoma will develop in about 90 percent of the persons who carry a mutated RB allele. Thus, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tests that can identify persons who have inherited the mutation. To this end, RBcDNA clones or several polymorphic markers which link to the RB gene have been identified and used for the diagnosis of retinoblastoma predisposition and five RFLP markers within the RB gene have been shown to be useful (Wiggs et al. 1988). Recently we have developed a simple, rapid method for detecting aberrations of RBmRNA including single nucleotide substitutions directly, using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in combination of reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction (RT-PCR-SSCP). For this analysis, we obtain mRNA from 10 ml of peripheral blood and entire procedure including time for isolating mRNA can be completed within 48 hours. By this way we could detect a point mutation of RB gene transcript in peripheral blood cells from two of eight hereditary retinoblastoma patients. We conclude that it is practicable and clinically useful to use this RT-PCR-SSCP analysis of RB gene transcript for direct determination of the risk of retinoblastoma.
DNA, Neoplasm↗
[Clinical study on soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with sarcoidosis].
Levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in sera of 18 patients with sarcoidosis were measured by a sandwich ELISA method established by the authors and were found to be significantly higher than those in sera of normal subjects. Levels of soluble IL-2 receptor in sera of sarcoidosis cases of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) were significantly higher than those in sera of sarcoidosis cases without BHL. In patients with sarcoidosis, levels of soluble IL-2 receptor did not differ in relation to the presence or absence of ocular lesions, or in relation to positive or negative response to protein purified derivative of tuberculosis (PPD).
Adult↗
[Gastric acid response to graded dose of pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer].
To characterize gastric acid response and its age distribution in the patients with duodenal ulcer (DU), we conducted pentagastrin (PG) dose-response study and calculated maximal response (Vmax-c), half maximal dose of PG (Km-c), and the mean response to 0.22 microgram/kg/hr of PG as percent of highest observed response (SI). The mean values of basal secretion (BAO), Vmax-c, and SI in DU were significantly greater than those of normal subjects (N). The mean values of Km-c were significantly less than those of N. The greater BAO, Vmax-c, and SI, and less Km-c were observed in all age groups of DU. The results indicate that DU patients not only secrete more acid but also are more sensitive to stimulation by pentagastrin than N, and that the characteristics are common in all age groups of DU.
Adolescent↗
[Giant müllerian duct cyst: a case report].
A case of giant müllerian duct cyst is reported. The patient was a 27-year-old male, complaining of microscopic hematuria. A giant cystic abdominal mass was palpable. After screening examination including ultrasound tomography, intravenous pyelography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance-imaging, müllerian duct cyst was suspected. Operation for this cyst was performed with median incision. The cyst measured 25 x 21 x 14 cm. The surface as smooth and consistency was soft. Included fluid was slightly turbid and yellowish measuring 2,200 ml. This was considered to be the largest müllerian duct cyst case reported in the Japanese literature.
Adult↗
[My first step in Paraguay--a midwife on JICA project].
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Female↗
[Correlations between blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients].
We examined the relationship of hypertension to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular diastolic function by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device and echocardiography. We studied 36 untreated hypertensive non-diabetic patients (16 males and 20 females) whose casual systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (CDBP) were higher than 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively. All patients were less than 65 years of age without organic heart disease. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (RSBP, RDBP) were measured after lying in a supine position for 30 min by the auscultatory method. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured every 30 or 60 min for 24 hours by Colin ABPM 630, and the mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressures (ASBP, ADBP) and the systolic and diastolic hyperbaric indices (SHI, DHI) were obtained. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was obtained as an indicator of LVH by M-mode echocardiography. The ratio of peak velocity of mitral inflow caused by atrial contraction to that of rapid inflow (A/R) was obtained as an indicator of the LV diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography. The coefficients of correlation between BP and the LVMI, and the A/R were determined. There were significant positive correlations between the LVMI and ASBP (r = 0.51, p < 0.005), the SHI (r = 0.49, p < 0.005), CSBP (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and RSBP (r = 0.41, p < 0.05), however, there were no significant correlations between the LVMI and ADBP, the DHI, CDBP, RDBP and age. There were significant positive correlations between the A/R and ADBP (r = 0.44, p < 0.01), age (r = 0.40, p < 0.02), CSBP (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) and RDBP (r = 0.38, p < 0.05), however, no significant correlations between the A/R and ASBP, the SHI, DHI, RSBP and CDBP. Only a weak correlation was observed in all subjects between the LVMI and A/R, which was slightly improved by use of > 90 mmHg CSBP readings (r = 0.32). It was concluded that LVH is related mainly to continuous systolic hypertension, and that LV diastolic dysfunction is related mainly to continuous diastolic hypertension. Therefore, it was suggested that LVH and LV diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients are caused by different mechanisms.
Adult↗
[Transient focal abnormalities of MRI and angiographic neuroimaging in status epilepticus: case report].
We reported transient changes in computed tomography (CT), angiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a patient with status epilepticus, referred to us with a tentative diagnosis of neoplasma based on CT, MRI and angiographic findings, MRI showed increased signal intensity, and CT showed decreased left hemisphere attenuation without enhancement. Two months later, resolution of these radiological and clinical abnormalities had been attained. The transient CT and MRI changes probably represented focal cerebral edema, developing during focal status epilepticus.
Adult↗
[Effects of halothane and barbiturate on hepatic circulation and hepatic oxygen metabolism during hypoxia in dogs].
Hepatic oxygen metabolism and the hepatic energy charge were assessed in 21 mongrel dogs receiving 1 to 1.5 MAC of halothane or thiamylal (20-30 mg.kg-1.hr-1) intravenously while inhaling graded hypoxic mixtures (FIO2 0.21-0.08). Hepatic blood flow was measured using electromagnetic flowmetry: hepatic oxygen delivery and consumption were calculated from measured hepatic blood flow and oxygen content in hepatic arterial, portal venous blood and hepatic venous blood. In the hypoxia-halothane group, portal venous blood flow (FIO2 0.15-0.10), portal venous oxygen content (FIO2 0.10-0.08) and hepatic oxygen consumption (FIO2 0.08) significantly decreased compared with the hypoxia-thiamylal group. Arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR), which indicates the mitochondrial energy charge level, decreased with the development of hypoxia, and in the hypoxia-halothane group, the decrease of AKBR was significantly greater than in the hypoxia-thiamylal group at FIO2 0.08. The serum catecholamine levels, epinephrine and norepinephrine, increased in both groups at FIO2 0.08. In the hypoxia-halothane group, however, the increase of norepinephrine was significantly higher than in the hypoxia-thiamylal group at FIO2 0.08. These results suggest that, compared with halothane, thiamylal could suppress the exaggerated reaction to hypoxic hypoxemia, maintain hepatic circulation and hepatic oxygen metabolism and therefore maintain the hepatic mitochondrial redox state in better condition.
Animals↗
Detection of p53 gene mutations in human brain tumors by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products.
Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products (PCR-SSCP analysis) was used for detection of mutations of the p53 gene in surgical specimens of human brain tumors. Six of 45 brain tumors showed mobility shifts in the analyses. These six tumors also showed loss of a normal allele. The samples were examined further by direct sequencing. Results showed that four of them had single-base substitutions and the other two had deletions of one and eight base pairs. Five of the six mutations detected were clustered in highly conserved regions of the p53 gene. The frequency of p53 gene mutations in primary brain tumors examined was 9.8%. We also found two new polymorphic markers in the p53 gene, one in intron 7 and the other in an Alu repeat in exon 11. Both markers could be detected by SSCP analysis. Using these two markers, we found two cases of loss of heterozygosity in other brain tumor specimens. Results suggested that aberrations of the p53 gene were not correlated with the malignancy of some types of brain tumors such as anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, contrary to previous observations on colorectal cancers.
Astrocytoma↗
[Four boys with multiple floppy valves involving all cardiac valves and hyperextensive joints].
We experienced four boys (two siblings) whose cardiac valves were all prolapsed, which have never been reported as a recognized disease. All had hyperextensive joints without any other stigmata of Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The severity and progression of regurgitation of each valve differed by a case, though they had similar echocardiographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of multiple floppy valves. Three of the four patients had severe aortic regurgitation, and two received aortic valve replacement. Their excised valves revealed myxomatous degeneration. The tricuspid valves were more thickened and redundant than the mitral valves. Although three patients had moderate tricuspid regurgitation, none of them had clinically important mitral regurgitation. We recommend aortic and/or mitral valve replacement, whenever the regurgitation exacerbates left ventricular dilatation. Aortic regurgitation deteriorated rapidly in one case due to valve rupture. In this case, moderate tricuspid regurgitation was relieved after aortic valve replacement. Skin fibroblast did not show any abnormalities in collagen biosynthesis.
Adolescent↗
Platelet activating factor (PAF) effects on ciliary activity of human paranasal sinus mucosa in vitro.
The effect of PAF on ciliary activity was investigated in vitro. Normal human paranasal sinus mucosa was obtained from the ethmoid sinuses by surgical procedure and incubated in the form of tissue culture. Mucosal surface profile was viewed under an inverted microscope and ciliary activity was photoelectrically measured. Ciliary inhibition was significantly induced after a 60 min period of incubation with 10(-8) M PAF in vitro followed by irrigation. However, when the mucosa was irrigated after a 15 min incubation period the ciliary activity showed no remarkable change. The effect of 10(-8) M PAF on ciliary activity was completely blocked when pre-incubated and then incubated with 10(-6) M CV-3988 (a specific PAF receptor antagonist); however, it was moderately inhibited when only preincubated with CV-3988. These data indicate that PAF specifically affects ciliated cells in the first 60 min after the challenge.
Cells, Cultured↗