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Biomedical subjects

Y Moriyama

Publications and source records attributed to Y Moriyama.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The monitoring of cytomegalovirus antigenemia and arterial oxygen saturation for the early detection of cytomegalovirus pneumonia].

Eighteen patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo. BMT) during the period May, 1991 to December, 1992 in the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. They were monitored for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). More than 10 antigen-positive cells per 50,000 polymorphonuclear leukocytes were detected in five of 18 patients. Three of these 5 patients developed CMV pneumonia several weeks after the first detection of more than 10 positive cells. Six of 18 patients developed interstitial pneumonia (IP) (3 CMV pneumonia and 3 idiopathic IP). SaO2 decreased less than 95% several days before the development of IP in 3 of these 6 patients (2 of CMV pneumonia and 1 of idiopathic IP). CMV antigenemia assay and SaO2 assay were thus both considered to be useful for the early detection or prediction of development of CMV pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A successful case of two-staged operation for Stanford type B acute dissecting aneurysm complicated with total occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta].

A successful case of two-staged operation for Stanford type B acute dissecting aneurysm complicated with total occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta was reported. A 62-year-old male patient with a long history of systemic hypertension developed acute severe chest, back and bilateral legs pain. An enhanced CT demonstrated Stanford type B dissecting aneurysm with occlusion of the left renal artery and bilateral common iliac arteries. On the day of admission, an emergent right axillo-femoral bypass operation using 8 mm ringed EPTFE graft was undertaken to rescue the ischemic legs. The patient's postoperative course was complicated with acute renal failure and paralytic ileus, which were treated with medical treatment. Four months later, the second operation was done for the localized residual dissecting aneurysm in the proximal descending thoracic aorta. The aneurysm was excised, and the entry was closed with Dacron patch using the previously placed axillo-femoral bypass as a technique for preventing distal ischemia. He was recovered uneventfully and was discharged in a good condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Use of radiopaque markers for the diagnosis and management of small bowel obstruction].

Radiopaque markers were used for the diagnosis and management of small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to adhesion in 50 patients. Conservative therapy was begun after the patients received a capsule containing 20 radiopaque markers. The movement of the markers in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated on X-P after 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. On supine abdominal X-P, the abdomen was divided by a straight line connecting the right costophrenic angle and the left anterior superior iliac spine, thus defining an upper and lower abdominal segment. After 24 hours, the number of markers in the upper abdominal segment was 4.1 +/- 4.5 in 30 patients who recovered within 7 days, and 16.7 +/- 3.8 in 20 patients who required more than 7 days of conservative therapy (mean +/- SD). In cases requiring long-term management with conservative therapy, the markers in the small bowel were calculated on a daily basis using X-P. On day 7, there were more than 10 markers in the small bowel of 7 patients who underwent surgery. By using radiopaque markers, it was possible after 24 hours to differentiate patients with SBO who would need long-term management, and to determine the limits of conservative therapy and the timing for surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Acidification of phagosomes and degradation of rod outer segments in rat retinal pigment epithelium.

PURPOSE: The authors investigated the phagocytic processes of the rod outer segments (ROS) in rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and the appearance of lysosomal enzymes, acidification, and degradation of the contents in the phagolysosomes. In particular, they examined the effect of bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, on the degradation of ROS in the RPE cells in vivo. METHODS: A lysosomal enzyme (cathepsin D), a lysosomal membrane protein (LGP107), and opsin were localized in the RPE cells by the immunogold electron microscopic technique. Bafilomycin A1 was injected into the vitreous, and acidification of the phagosomes was measured in vivo by injecting 3-[2,4-dinitroanilino]3'amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP) in the vitreous and detecting the accumulation of DAMP in the phagolysosomes using anti-dinitrophenol antibody. RESULTS: Opsin was abundantly detected in phagosomes that did not contain cathepsin D, but the immunolabeling of opsin rapidly disappeared soon after the appearance of cathepsin D. By double staining with cathepsin D and DAMP, it was shown that the pH of the phagosomes dramatically decreased after fusion with lysosomes. When bafilomycin A1 was injected into the vitreous, many large phagolysosomes containing cathepsin D appeared in the RPE cells, in which the immunoreactivity of opsin was well preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Degradation of opsin and acidification proceeded almost parallel with the appearance of cathepsin D in the phagolysosomes. Bafilomycin A1 did not inhibit the fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes, but it increased intraphagosomal pH and markedly inhibited the degradation of ROS in the phagolysosomes. This result indicates that vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase is essential for acidifying the lumen of phagolysosomes and subsequent protein degradation of ROS in the RPE cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis--an analysis of the risk factors for operative mortality and long-term follow-up].

From September, 1978, through January, 1993, 67 patients (mean age: 44 years) underwent surgical treatment for infective endocarditis (IE) at Kagoshima University. Of 67 patients, 36 showed active endocarditis and 31 healed endocarditis at the time of operation. The over-all hospital mortality was 22.4% (15/67). Risk factors associated with operative mortality by univariate analysis included increased blood urea concentration (BUN), increased cardiothoratic ratio, higher New York Heart Association functional class, infection status (active/healed), aortic valve infection, prolonged aortic cross-clamp time, annular abscess, and calendar year. The patients were operated earlier in the latter part of this series (1988-1993. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated three factors to be statistically significant: BUN, operative year, and aortic valve infection. Complete survival information was obtained in all 52 discharged patients with a mean follow-up time of 4.8 years. There were 5 late deaths including 3 patients with valve related complication. The actuarial survival rate at 10 years after operation excluding hospital mortality was 89%, 92% for active infection 88% for healed infection. The actuarial freedom from valve related complication was 86% at 10 years. The degree of activity of the infection is not a risk factor for operative mortality by multiple logistic regression analysis. We conclude that surgical intervention should be undertaken without delay in the patients with IE before development of hemodynamic deterioration causing renal dysfunction and hypercatabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evidence for a common binding site for omeprazole and N-ethylmaleimide in subunit A of chromaffin granule vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase.

Vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase from adrenal chromaffin granules was found to be sensitive to omeprazole, a known gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, the concentration required for 50% inhibition being 80 microM freshly-prepared and 12 microM acid-treated reagent. ATP and ADP protected the enzyme from inhibition by omeprazole. The activity of the inhibited enzyme was restored by the addition of reduced glutathione. Omeprazole protected the enzyme from inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide and its binding to the subunit A. As subunit A has a nucleotide binding site(s) and as a cysteine residue is involved in the inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide, these results suggested that the two sulfhydryl reagents bind to the same cysteine residue near the nucleotide binding domain in the subunit A, resulting in inactivation of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Immunological detection of F1-ATPase gamma-subunit in rat liver peroxisomes.

The gamma-subunit of F1-ATPase was detected in highly purified rat liver peroxisomes by immunoblot analysis using an antiserum against purified mitochondrial F1-ATPase. Other subunits of F1-ATPase such as alpha, beta and delta were not detected in the peroxisomes. The polypeptide corresponding to the gamma-subunit in peroxisomes was also recognized by affinity purified antibody against F1-ATPase gamma-subunit. The amount of gamma-subunit in liver homogenate increased in parallel with proliferation of peroxisomes after administration of clofibrate in rats, whereas the amounts of alpha, beta and delta-subunits were not increased. These results suggest that the gamma-subunit of F1-ATPase is a constituent of peroxisomes in rat liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of human autoantibodies reactive to gastric parietal cells.

Human sera from autoimmune gastritis patients containing autoantibodies to gastric parietal cells were analyzed by immunological methods. Enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay demonstrated that all nine sera reacted with pig gastric vesicles enriched in H+/K(+)-ATPase (gastric proton pump). Immunoblotting experiments indicated that the alpha subunit of the H+/K(+)-ATPase was the major antigen in the vesicles with two of the sera reacting strongly. We further characterized the specificity of the antibodies using partial sequences of the pig alpha subunit fused with truncated TrpE (anthranilate synthase). The antibodies from autoimmune gastritis patients reacted differently to the two fusion proteins (Met-1 to Ala-79, and Arg-606 to Ile-964), indicating that each patient sera contains a mixture of autoantibodies recognizing different epitopes with variable contents.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Uptake of the neurotoxin, 4-methylphenylpyridinium, into chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles: a proton gradient drives its uptake through monoamine transporter.

Energy dependence for uptake of 4-methyphenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurotoxin causing Parkinsonism-like symptoms, by adrenal chromaffin granule membrane vesicles and brain synaptic vesicles was studied. The compound was actively taken up by the chromaffin vesicles dependent on hydrolysis of ATP with a Km value of 22 microM and maximum velocity of 2.9 nmol/min/mg protein. The uptake was sensitive to reserpine (1 microM) and bafilomycin (50 nM) (inhibitors of the vesicular monoamine transporter and vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, respectively) and substrates for monoamine transporters, but insensitive to imipramine (an inhibitor of the monoamine transporter present in the plasma membrane). The uptake was greatly reduced upon dissipation of the proton gradient by ammonium ion or nigericin with KCl, but stimulated 1.6-fold by valinomycin plus K+. Dissipation of the proton gradient also induced rapid efflux of MPP+ from the vesicles. The MPP+ (monoamine) transporter was solubilized from chromaffin vesicles and reconstituted into liposomes with purified bacterial F0F1-ATPase. MPP+ was taken up by the liposomes coupled with ATP hydrolysis by F0F1, and the uptake was sensitive to reserpine, dissipation of the proton gradient, and azide. Brain synaptic vesicles also accumulated MPP+, showing similar kinetics, inhibitor sensitivities, and energy coupling to those of chromaffin vesicles. Furthermore, MPP+ inhibited the uptake of dopamine without affecting the uptake of glutamate or gamma-aminobutyrate. These results indicated that MPP+ was taken up through the reserpine-sensitive monoamine transporter into chromaffin vesicles and synaptic vesicles and that the energy for accumulation of MPP+ was supplied as a proton gradient (acidic inside) established by H(+)-ATPase.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium↗
PubMed1993

Energy-dependent accumulation of neuron blockers causes selective inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake by brain synaptic vesicles.

The effects of neuron blockers on neurotransmitter accumulation in synaptic vesicles were investigated. Upon addition of ATP, brain synaptic vesicles accumulated chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and propranolol against concentration gradients of more than 100-fold. Bioenergetic analysis indicated that the transmembrane pH gradient (delta pH) established by the vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase is a direct driving force for these uptakes. Essentially the same results were obtained with vesicles from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules and proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, indicating that the energy-dependent accumulation is due to diffusion and does not involve transport carriers specific for the blockers. Incubations of the two organelles with the blockers resulted in dissipation of delta pH and slight increase of membrane potential (delta psi) without affecting ATPase activity. Under the same conditions, uptake of dopamine or gamma-aminobutyrate (delta pH-driven transport) was inhibited by neuron blockers, whereas uptake of glutamate (delta psi-driven transport) was slightly stimulated. Thus, neuron blockers inhibited delta pH-driven uptake of neurotransmitter by dissipating the driving force. These results strongly suggest that synaptic vesicles are one of the target sites of neuron blockers.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Gliosarcoma of the posterior cranial fossa: MRI findings.

We report the MR findings of a biopsy-proven gliosarcoma of the posterior cranial fossa. Multiple homogeneously enhancing lesions had shaggy margins and broad-based dural attachments, which may reflect the gliomatous and sarcomatous element of this tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia in patients with malignancies.

To investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced granulocytopenia, we performed an open nonrandomized clinical trial in 46 patients with malignancies receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen. Twenty-six patients who received two cycles of the identical chemotherapy regimen and had granulocytopenia less than 1 x 10(9) cells/l after the first cycle of chemotherapy were eligible for this study. They received 60, 125 or 250 micrograms/m2/day of rhGM-CSF randomly. The nadirs of peripheral granulocytes demonstrated significantly much higher levels in all dosages studied than those of control cycles. The duration of granulocytopenia was shortened with rhGM-CSF support. Such granulocyte recovery appeared in parallel with increasing dosages of GM-CSF, thus, infections with febrile episodes were reduced. Toxicity of rhGM-CSF was generally well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Phase II study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia.

As phase II study, we treated 18 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 37 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) for 14-28 days. Administration of rhGM-CSF resulted in a dose-dependent increase in circulating granulocyte counts, which was statistically significant in patients with AA. There were no consistent changes in monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Although no increase in both thrombocyte and erythrocyte counts was detected in the majority of the patients, a response of both lineages to rhGM-CSF, in addition to granulocyte lineage, was observed in 3 patients. Drug-associated adverse events developed in 28 patients (51%). The most frequent adverse event was fever. In general, the treatment with rhGM-CSF was well tolerated. The results suggest that rhGM-CSF is effective for patients with MDS and AA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The relationships of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting insulin in healthy men].

The relationships of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting insulin (IRI) were investigated in healthy employed men (n = 235). In simple correlation analysis, the SHBG was positively related to total cholesterol and HDL-C, and negatively related to IRI. There were no relationships among SHBG, triglyceride and fasting blood glucose. In multiple linear regression analysis, SHBG was one of determinant of HDL-C, but not IRI. From these results, it was suggested that SHBG was one of the determinants of HDL-C level in healthy men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) after chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; a placebo-controlled double blind phase III trial.

To assess the clinical and hematopoietic effects of rhGM-CSF, a placebo-controlled double blind multicenter phase III study was undertaken in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Sixty-two patients who had granulocytopenia (< 1 x 10(3)/microliters) after the first cycle of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisolone were enrolled. After the second cycle of chemotherapy with the same regimen, patients randomly received either rhGM-CSF (125 micrograms/m2/day) or placebo for 14 days (rhGM-CSF; 31 patients and placebo; 31 patients). Administration of rhGM-CSF induced a significant increase in granulocytes mainly with neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes, but elevation of lymphocytes, platelets, and reticulocytes was not induced. Median days of granulocytes less than 1 x 10(3)/microliters in patients receiving rhGM-CSF were significantly shorter than in patients receiving placebo (p = 0.001). Adverse reactions encountered with rhGM-CSF, and observed in 58% of the patients were never life-threatening and always rapidly reversible. They included fever, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, skin eruption, and malaise. These results suggest that rhGM-CSF can be safely administered to prevent neutropenia after chemotherapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Adolescent↗