Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Morikawa.
A 39-year-old man suffered from corneal neovascularization, through to result from hypoxia caused by improper use of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hard contact lenses. The condition was successfully treated by oxygenation of the corneas under swimming goggles.
In the fall of 1988, an outbreak of streptococcal infections was observed at 2 pediatric clinics in Sanda City, Hyogo prefecture. The 2 clinics were independent of each other; one (clinic A) was located in the down town area, in the older part of the city, where there is little population turn over, while the other (clinic B) was in a newly developed-fast growing residential district. The strains and the distribution of T-serotypes isolated at each location are as follows: clinic A; 58 strains (34.5% serotype T-4, 31.0% serotype T-12, 10.3% serotype T-1, and 23.3% serotype T-28), clinic B; 43 strains (48.8% serotype T-28, 23.3% serotype T-12, 11.6% serotype T-4 and 7.0% serotype T-1). According to the data from Kobe City infectious disease surveillance center, there were a total of 102 group A hemolytic streptococci strains isolated in 1988, the T-serotypes distribution of which was as follows: 47.0% serotype T-4, 15.7% serotype the T-12, 10.8% serotype T-1 and 9.8% serotype T-28. Serotype T-4 was dominant here, as it was in location A of Sanda City. The epidemic proportion of serotype T-28 found at location B is considered to be due to the fact that location B has very little social interaction with location A and other areas. No difference was observed among the different serotypes on the drug susceptibility test: all strains showed a sensitivity to ampicillin and penicillin G, but were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol.
We describe a 62-year-old male with brain metastasis from prostatic carcinoma, which regressed with medical and surgical endocrine therapies. The patient's presenting complaints were left periocular and deep ocular pain and a defect of the left visual field. During treatment of the above symptoms, macrohematuria, dysuria and pollakiuria occurred. Pathological examination of a transrectal needle biopsy disclosed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Computerized tomographic scan (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a brain tumor at the frontal skull base and the region of the frontal lobe suspected to be a metastasis of the prostatic carcinoma. One week after a period of daily administration of estramustine phosphate sodium, the prostate was observed to be softened and slightly decreased in size. The visual field defect and disturbance of urination gradually improved. The prostate decreased to normal size and no tumor mass could be detected on the brain CT after 3 months of treatment.
Perinatal changes in the apical surface of the colonic absorptive cells in the rat were studied morphometrically. Cell microvilli length increased from day 20 through neonatal day 3, during which a maximum incremental growth rate was noted between fetal day 22 and neonatal day 1. Microvilli width remained almost constant throughout the period. Enlargement of the apical surface of the microvilli showed a similar developmental pattern as was seen from the measurement of length and surface area of any one of the microvilli. Fetal oral administration of milk in utero caused incremental growth in length and surface area, as well as an associated apical surface enlargement. The present study indicates that the function of the colonic absorptive cells, which is acquired later on in utero, is activated by ingestion of maternal milk after birth.
The correlation between the resected weight of prostate and the estimated weight of prostate by transrectal longitudinal ultrasound was evaluated for 53 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Sonography was done with a real time linear scanner and 5.0 MHz transducer. Maximal prostatic dimensions were measured along the two major axes, namely the maximal length and the maximal thickness of total prostate and adenoma. By regarding benign prostatic hypertrophy as an ellipsoid, we calculated the weight of prostate according to the ellipsoid formula. The correlation coefficient was calculated as; r = 0.929, Y = 0.942Xt - 2.642 (Xt: total estimated weight), r = 0.962, Y = 0.965Xa + 0.028 (Xa: estimated weight of adenoma). The estimated weight of the prostate correlated with the resected weight of the prostate. These results suggested that rough estimation of the weight of benign prostatic hypertrophy was found to be possible by using this calculation technique.
Peplomycin emulsified in hydroxypropyl cellulosum (HPC-PEP) was prepared for intravesical chemotherapy. Clinical efficacy of HPC-PEP and tissue concentration of peplomycin (PEP) were studied in 12 patients with bladder tumor. Histopathology showed transitional cell carcinoma; 2 in grade 1,8 in grade 2, and 2 in grade 3. The total volume of 30 ml HPC-PEP was prepared from a mixture of 2% HPC and 90 mg PEP in 15 ml saline, and was intravesically administered through a urethral catheter and retained for two hours. Clinical evaluation 7 days after the initial instillation demonstrated good tumor regression in 2, good response in 5, and no change in 5. The mean PEP level in tumor tissue was 0.36 microgram/gr after 7 days and 0.19 microgram/gr even after 14 days. These clinical observations and tissue levels of PEP suggest that HPC-PEP might be useful as an intravesical instillation agent for bladder tumor.
Ten temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants derived from the Edmonston strain of measles virus were characterized by the complementation test and were shown to have four defective sites (A, B, C, and D). Five ts mutants which were confirmed to have a defective site D, induced neither cytopathic effect (CPE) nor an infectious virus. Among the other five ts mutants which produced viral proteins with CPE and showed positive HAD at 39.5 degrees C, the three ts mutants (P253-505, P333, and F2-104) were studied in detail. P253-505 had a defective site C and both P333 and F2-104 had a defective site A. P253-505 and F2-104 produced neither a cell-free nor cell-associated infectious virus and P333 produced only a low level of cell-associated infectious virus. P253-505 and P333 produced virus particles at 39.5 degrees C, while F2-104 did not. The pulse-chase experiment showed a normal pattern of synthesis and processing of viral proteins, but immunofluorescence tests using monoclonal antibodies indicated that P253-505 lacked two epitopes of the M protein at 39.5 degrees C, and both P333 and F2-104 lacked one epitope of the P protein. The lack of these viral epitopes was shown to correlate with the temperature-sensitivity of the three ts mutants.
A 47-year-old male visited our hospital complaining of painless swelling of the right scrotum. Ultrasonography demonstrated hydrocele and a 13 x 12 x 10 mm cystic space along the margin of the right testis. Hydrocelectomy and simple resection of the cyst were performed. Pathologic examination of the excised cyst showed a serous cyst lined with simple flattened epithelium. Ultrasonography is useful for the diagnosis of tunica albuginea cyst.
The contribution of B cells and antibodies to the regulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was investigated in mice rendered B-cell-deficient by treatment with anti-mu antibodies. In normal rabbit immunoglobulin (Ig)-treated mice as well as normal mice, the intravenous injection of a large amount of keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) suppressed DTH, and serum titres of the anti-KLH antibody were significantly elevated. However, in anti-mu-treated mice, the intravenous injection of a large amount of KLH could not induce either suppression of DTH or the elevation of anti-KLH antibody titres. The transfer of anti-KLH antibodies suppressed DTH in a H-2 non-restricted, probably Igh-restricted, way in anti-mu-treated mice. In addition, the transfer of anti-KLH antibodies induced effector-phase suppressor T cells whose phenotype was L3T4-, Lyt-2+. We concluded that antibodies play a significant role in the regulation of DTH.
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A 65-year-old man was hospitalized with prolonged fever. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 62 mm/hour and the c-reactive protein was 5+. Serum lactic dehydrogenase was 1005 IU with elevation of isozyme types II and III. A computerized tomography scan of the abdomen showed large, bilateral adrenal masses. An aspirated specimen of the bone marrow revealed some clustered atypical cells. These findings suggested the patient had metastatic carcinoma, but the primary lesion could not be found. The patient had an episode of transient unconsciousness in mid course and died of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. A postmortem examination was performed. Microscopic examination showed an accumulation of neoplastic cells in the vascular system throughout the body and their extravascular proliferation in several organs. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded fixed tissues. The neoplastic cells were positive with the monoclonal antibodies LCA, LN 1, LN 2 and N 26 but did not show positive staining for factor VIII-related antigen, a marker for endothelial cells. These studies defined the neoplastic cells as being of a germinal-center B lymphocyte origin. On the basis of the above-mentioned results, we suggest that this case may be diagnosed as angiotrophic lymphoma.
A case of bone metastasis from TCC of the bladder that attained complete remission by cisplatin-etoposide therapy was reported. The patient was a 68-year-old male, already treated with total cystectomy. At 29 months after operation, bone metastasis in left acetabulum was found. 3 courses of cisplatin-etoposide therapy were started. At 12 weeks after initiating the therapeutic regimen, the tumor mass of left acetabulum had disappeared completely on the computed tomogram.
Bladder neck stricture is a late complication of transurethral prostatectomy (TUR-P). Two patients with bladder neck stricture after TUR-P were treated by the balloon dilatation method. The procedure was performed with topical anesthesia using 2% viscous lidocaine applied liberally within the urethra. The dilating balloon catheter was inserted over a 0.035 in. (0.09 cm) floppy-tip guidewire and the balloon was inflated by normal saline. The balloon was placed at the level of the prostatic urethra above the external sphincter. The balloon pressure was then increased to 3 atm and maintained for 10 minutes. All maneuvers were conducted under guidance of transrectal longitudinal linear scanning to ensure proper positioning of the catheter. The 18 Fr pelvic catheter was passed over the guidewire into the bladder and the next day the catheter was removed. After the procedure, clinical and uroflowmetric improvements were seen in both cases. They continue to do well. Balloon dilatation can be performed on an outpatient basis and by using only topical anesthesia. Therefore, balloon dilatation seems to be a useful method for treatment of bladder neck stricture after TUR-P. However, it is not clear how dilatation brings about long-term relief of obstructive symptoms.
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Development of the proximal tubule in the fetal kidney was studied following ligation of both ureters of pregnant rats. The ligation was performed on days 15, 17, 19, and 21 of gestation and autopsy followed 24 hours after each operation. On fetal days 20 and 22, the proximal tubular length per unit volume (1 mm3) of whole kidney of the fetuses from the ligated mothers was significantly increased, while the ratio of total glomerular volume to total proximal tubular volume was remarkably decreased when compared to that of the fetuses from the non-ligated mothers. Apical vacuoles in proximal tubular cells were increased by the ligation on fetal days 20 and 22. These findings suggest that maternal bilateral ureteral ligation accelerates the growth and differentiation of the proximal tubule in fetal kidney, when the fetal kidney is functional in urine production.
We obtained immune sera from mice which received suppressor B cells induced in vitro, injected them into immunized mice, and measured suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) of these recipient mice. In the recipients, effector-phase suppressor T (Ts) cells were induced, and the action of these Ts cells was antigen-nonspecific. The suppressive material of the sera was adsorbed on a Sepharose column coated with anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody and acid elution of the column yielded the elute fraction that showed significant suppressive activity. The suppressive activity of the sera was also adsorbed by an antigen-coated Sepharose column, and the eluate from the column had suppressive activity. Moreover, we established antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies, some of which suppressed the DTH in an H-2-nonrestricted way. The isotype or specificity of the antibodies was not related to the suppression, because suppressive and nonsuppressive antibodies belonged to the same immunoglobulin isotype and because the antibodies that recognized the same epitope had different suppressive activities. The Fc portion was not the functional site, because the F(ab')2 fragment had the activity. The suppressive antibody induced effector-phase Ts cells, which had the anti-idiotypic receptor. These findings suggested that antigen-specific antibodies in the immune sera mediated the suppression of DTH by the induction of effector-phase Ts cells in vivo and the idiotype of the antibody stimulated the anti-idiotypic receptor of these Ts cells.
A non-glycosylated form of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 and four truncated derivatives have been expressed as non-fused secreted products in the periplasmic space of E. coli. We show that the full length molecule, whilst folded and soluble, fails to bind to CD4 consistent with other work that suggests an essential role for carbohydrate in gp120 function. In addition, when used in conjunction with the truncated derivatives, rapid epitope mapping of anti-gp120 monoclonal antibodies is achieved using both Western-blot and ELISA formats.
The soluble domains of the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 (gp120) and human CD4 (sCD4) have been individually expressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. Each product is secreted from infected cells and accumulates in the surrounding media to levels of 1-2 mg/liter of 2 x 10(9) cells. Both molecules have full biological activity, and conditioned media from infected cells have been used to establish a simple assay for gp120-sCD4 interaction that is highly specific and amenable to mass screening. The crystallization of sCD4 purified from this source is reported.