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Biomedical subjects

Y Monden

Publications and source records attributed to Y Monden.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Electrical properties of extracted rat liver tissue.

We attempted to investigate the process of ischemia-induced disturbances in the rat liver, employing the electrical bio-impedance technique. The electrical bio-impedance was measured continuously over 6 h by the 4-electrode method, at various incubation temperatures, in six liver samples extracted from male Wistar rats. The electrical properties of biological tissues can be expressed in terms of three parameters: extracellular resistance (Re), intracellular resistance (Ri) and cell membrane capacitance (Cm). These three parameters were calculated from the measured values of the electrical impedance by the curve-fitting technique, using a computer program. The Re value increased rapidly after the rat livers were extracted, and then decreased slowly. The Re value reached a peak after about 13 min at 36 degrees C, and then decreased slowly, becoming constant after 3 h. There was a negative correlation between the Tmax of Re (the time when Re reached a maximum) and the incubation temperature (R = -0.973, P < 0.001). The Ri value decreased once in the early stage after extraction, followed by almost no change and then an increase after 4 h at 36 degrees C. The Cm showed a similar pattern of change to the Re value, and a negative correlation was also found between the Tmax of Cm and the incubation temperature (R = -0.969, P < 0.001). The increase in the Re and Cm values, and the decrease in the Ri value for quite long periods after the blood flow has stopped, suggest an increase in the resistance of extracellular fluid due to a decrease in its volume, an increase in cell membrane capacitance due to cell swelling, and a decrease in cellular fluid resistance due to an increase in its volume. The time when the Cm value decreases rapidly after an initial gradual decrease after the peak corresponds well with the time when the Ri value begins to increase, from which it is estimated that cell lysis proceeds and that the flow of extracellular fluid into the cell begins at this time. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of estimating the changes in liver tissue or the tissue structure due to ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

An experimental study of conductive heating using a concentric double-electrode applicator.

With hyperthermia for treatment of superficial tumors in mind, a prototype applicator with two electrodes arranged concentrically on a disk was designed for efficient local heating, and a basic heating test was carried out. Frequencies as low as 200 kHz were used in order to simplify the configuration of the power device. The applicator consists of two electrodes, a circular inner electrode and another looped outer electrode, arranged concentrically. Water was passed through the applicator as a cooling mechanism; it was placed in direct contact with the target tissue to be heated and then charged with electricity. In the heating test using a phantom, oval hot spots were noted below the inner electrode. Using cooling water at 3 degrees C and 8.2 W, an isothermal line of 45 degrees C was located at a 5-mm radius circle around the central axis with 9 mm depth. A similar temperature distribution map was obtained in heating tests on the thigh muscle of a mongrel adult dog. The temperature distribution maps obtained from these tests corresponded closely with the results of theoretical analysis carried out according to the finite-element method. Since a comparatively low frequency was employed for this applicator the power device was simplified, which made adequate heating possible with low electric power. The temperature distribution map indicated that efficient local heating of superficial tumors could be achieved.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1995

High positive rate of pS2 expression in forefront intraductal cancerous area in breast cancer.

Multiple sections of 40 consecutive cases with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, all of which bad wide intraductal cancerous extension, were examined by immunohistochemical analysis for evaluation of hormone dependency in several areas of breast cancer tissues. In this study, we examined the expression of pS2 protein in the central invasive area (CIV), central intraductal cancerous area (CDC) and forefront intraductal cancerous area (FDC). pS2 staining was positive in 52.5% (21/40) of CIV and a significant correlation was found between pS2 expression in CIV and the estrogen receptor status (ER). pS2 staining was positive in 77.5% of CDC and 85.0% of FDC, respectively. A majority (68.4%) of the cases that were negative pS2 in CIV were positive for pS2 in FDC. Moreover, the cases with noncomedo intraductal carcinoma in premenopausal status showed a higher positivity of pS2 expression in FDC than the cases with comedo-carcinoma, though the number of cases of comedo-carcinoma was limited. These findings suggest that endocrine therapy may be useful after breast conserving treatment regardless of the ER status of the primary tumor.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments lymphokine-activated killer activity from pleural cavity mononuclear cells of lung cancer patients without malignant effusion.

The role of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in augmentation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell induction by interleukin-2 (IL-2) from pleural cavity mononuclear cells (PCMNCs) was examined in sixteen patients with resectable primary lung cancer not associated with malignant effusion. None of the patients had received any anticancer therapy prior to this study. Incubation of PCMNCs of patients without malignant effusion with GM-CSF for 4 days in the presence of IL-2 resulted in a significant increase in LAK activity against natural killer-resistant Daudi cells. This result was obtained by using the 4 h 51Cr-release assay. PCMNCs and blood mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were harvested simultaneously from pleural cavity lavage fluid and peripheral blood in lung cancer patients. The LAK activity developed from PCMNCs and BMNCs following incubation with IL-2 for 4 days, but the LAK activity from PCMNCs was significantly lower than that from BMNCs (P < 0.05). Incubation of PCMNCs with GM-CSF augmented the LAK activity from PCMNCs to a level as high as that from BMNCs. These results suggest that the combined use of GM-CSF with IL-2 may result in augmentation of LAK activity developed from PCMNCs of lung cancer patients without malignant effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Familial hyperparathyroidism associated with jaw fibroma: case report and literature review.

A 53-year-old female suffering from renal stones and hypercalcaemia was diagnosed as having primary hyperparathyroidism caused by hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. She underwent total parathyroidectomy and implantation of parathyroid tissue. After one year, she underwent surgery for a jaw tumour. The pathological findings indicated it to be a cementifying fibroma. Jackson et al. (1990) reported the familial association of hyperparathyroidism with jaw tumours, and they suggested that this condition represents a new clinical syndrome. We believe that our case belongs to this syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Improvement of recurrent lung metastasis of breast cancer by Zoladex and cyclophosphamide].

The patient was a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having right breast cancer (T1aN1bM0, stage II) at the age of 36 when she underwent right mastectomy. Postoperative adjuvant therapy was performed using UFT and tamoxifen. After 2 years and 4 months, pulmonary metastasis was diagnosed from elevated tumor markers and chest X-P. After the relapse, treatment with goserelin acetate (Zoladex) and CPA was started. After 2 months of this treatment, the tumor in the lung had shrunk in size, and after 5 months partial remission (PR) was evaluated from improvements in chest X-P and normalization of tumor markers, This PR condition continues at present. A case report is presented of a patient with premenopausal recurrent breast cancer in whom good results were obtained by concomitant administration of Zoladex and CPA.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Significant Correlation between the Presence of Type W Collagen in the Duct Wall and the Development of Wide Intraductal Cancerous Extension in Breast Cancer.

To identify the characteristics of cases with an wide intraductal cancerous extension (WICE), we examined the relationship between WICE and type IV collagen distribution, and the relationship between WICE and the content of the proliferation-associated proteins in human breast cancer. The immunohistochemical distribution of type IV collagen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated in formalin-fixed tissue sections from 21 breast cancer cases. We demonstrated a significant correlation (p=0.014) between the presence of WICE and immunostaining of type IV collagen in the cancerous ducts (ducts occupied by cancer cells) in the central invasive area of breast cancer. However, no correlation was found between the presence of WICE and the PCNA index (percentage of positive cells per 1000 tumor cells). These findings suggest that the lack of the process of the loss of type IV collagen in the duct wall is more important than the nature of the tumor cells in the development of WICE.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

p53 alteration correlates with negative ER, negative PgR, and high histologic grade in breast cancer.

Seventy tumors of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were examined for p53 alteration by the RT-PCR-SSCP method. Sixty-five samples (92.9%) were investigated in the regions of codons 101-200 and 201-300. In total, 16 samples (24.6%) showed p53 gene alteration. We found that p53 gene alteration showed a correlation with (1) a negative ER status, (2) a negative PgR status, and (3) a high histologic grade (especially numerous mitotic figures) of the tumor. However, we found no correlation between p53 gene alteration and the lymph node status or clinical stage. Thus, p53 gene alteration in breast cancer may occur in highly malignant breast cancer other than advanced clinical stage cancer or node-positive cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing modified radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy for stage II breast cancer.

A controlled cooperative study was carried out to assess the value of modified radical mastectomy for patients with stage II breast cancer. The data was analyzed from 11 institutions in the Shikoku District participating in a prospective clinical trial in which patients were randomly assigned either to a modified radical mastectomy group or an extended radical mastectomy group. These two groups of patients were similar to each other in terms of such background factors as age distribution, menopausal status, TNM classification, tumor size, location of the primary tumor, axillary nodal involvement, histological type, and estrogen receptor status. The median follow-up times in the modified and extended radical mastectomy groups were 4.7 and 4.5 years, respectively. The cumulative curves indicated no difference between the two groups in either disease-free survival or overall survival. The survival rates were classified according to the presence or absence of axillary nodal metastases. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups. These findings thus suggest that the routine removal of the grossly uninvolved major pectoral muscle and parasternal lymph nodes is not necessary in patients with stage II breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Mucosa-specific DNA adducts in human small intestine: a comparison with the colon.

The presence of several covalent DNA adducts in the human colon was demonstrated by 32P-postlabeling in a previous study. We demonstrated that DNA of all the colonic mucosa tested were selectively adducted by a single genotoxic agent and this modification was completely absent in the DNA of muscular layers. In this study, the DNA adducts of the small intestine are compared with those of the colon to understand the role of mucosa-specific DNA adduct (MSA) in intestinal carcinogenesis. The mucosal DNA of the small intestine from 19 adults undergoing surgery due to gastric carcinoma (seven cases), pancreatic carcinoma (four cases), colon carcinoma (four cases), small intestinal tumor (two cases), intestinal trauma (one case) and ectopic pancreas (one cases) were analyzed. The mucosa-adjacent muscular layer DNA of the corresponding samples was examined as a control. Several common DNA adducts were observed in both mucosal and muscular layers of all the adults. Besides these common background DNA adducts, two MSAs (Si1, Si2) were detected in most of the adults as in colon cases. Si1 was present in all adults examined (19/19 cases) at a level of 0.04-0.22 adducts/10(8) nucleotides (average 0.09) and Si2 was found in 13/19 patients at a level of 0.03-0.08 adducts/10(8) nucleotides (average 0.05). Si2 was the same adduct detected in the adult colonic mucosa. However, they were absent in the adjacent muscular layer as well as in the neonatal intestine tested as a control. The total level of the mucosa-specific DNA adducts of the small intestine was approximately 28-fold lower than that of the colon. Considering that the incidence of cancer in the small intestine is rather lower than that in the colon, these results may be relevant to the development of human intestinal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

In vitro formation of DNA adducts with bile acids.

The in vitro experiment was carried out following 32P-postlabeling analysis to determine the DNA-reactive bile acids present in the human body. The unconjugated and conjugated forms of cholic (CA), chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), deoxycholic (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) were added to calf thymus DNA followed by 1 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. After the incubation the mixture was analyzed by the nuclease P1 modification of 32P-postlabeling. Among the 12 bile acids tested, our results showed that unconjugated CDCA and LCA and the glycine and taurine conjugates of LCA (g-LCA, t-LCA) were able to bind covalently with naked DNA in vitro without intervention of any catalyst. It was also shown that bile acid alone did not give any spot on TLC. These binding reactions depended on the bile acid concentration in a linear manner. The data on the extent of binding at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml showed values of 28.5 (t-LCA), 23.7 (g-LCA), 3.47 (LCA) and 1.32 (CDCA) adducts per 10(8) nucleotides. These reactive bile acids were also incubated with COLO 205 human colon carcinoma cells and Hep G2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells for 24 h, but no specific DNA adduct was formed. Further, when LCA or CDCA was administered into male Fischer 344 rats by gavage at a dose of 10 mg/rat every 8 h for 3 days, no specific DNA adduct was detected in their liver or colon. Covalent DNA adducts are believed to cause alteration of the primary structure of genes, which is potentially linked to carcinogenesis. Though our preliminary data failed to detect any bile acid-related DNA adducts in the cultured cells or in rats, the results may provide a basis for assuming some of these bile acids to be potential initiators of colon cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Pleural-changes in the lung allograft during acute rejection.

To ascertain the cause of pleural fibrosis in lung allografts, pleural changes were investigated in rat syngeneic and allogeneic lung grafts. The pleura of lung syngeneic grafts showed no pathological changes except for mild edema on the first day after transplantation. In lung allografts, recipient cells migrated into the subpleural tissue early after transplantation (latent phase). In the vascuar phase, recipient lymphocytes in the subpleural tissue increased in number, while almost all alveolar structures were free from infiltration. Both CD4-positive and CD8-positive cells infiltrated in almost equal numbers with macrophages. The subsets of infiltrating cells were similar to those of the perivascular and peribronchial areas. In the late vascular or alveolar phase, fibroblasts were observed among the infiltrating cells, and fibrotic changes started. In the destructive phase, collagen formation with marked pleural thickening was dominant. Pulmonary acute rejection should be treated at least up to the late vascular phase to prevent pleural fibrosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Pathogenesis of late airway changes in long-term surviving lung allografts.

Late airway changes are frequently observed in long-term surviving rat lung allografts. In this present study, we investigate this problem using the mixed lymphocyte reaction, graft-versus-host assay (popliteal lymph node assay), skin grafting from the donor strain to the lung allograft recipient, and histology to evaluate this problem. The results show that spleen cells from recipient rats with long-term surviving lung allografts possessed alloreactivity in mixed lymphocyte reaction against both donor and third-party ACI antigens. Suppressor cell activity was not detected in spleen cells from these recipient rats. The popliteal lymph node assay showed that the response to recipient spleen cells was detectable but weaker than that of naive spleen cells from the same strain. Mean survival time of skin grafts from the donor strain to long-term allograft survivors was significantly longer than that between donor and recipient strains. Chest roentgenograms revealed opacification of long-term surviving lung allografts at 2 to 3 wk after skin transplantation that was coincident with the rejection of the skin grafts, and histologic examination of the lung allografts revealed changes compatible with acute rejection. We conclude that alloreactivity can be demonstrated in rats with long-term surviving lung allografts and suggest that late airway changes in these lungs are immunologically mediated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Application of electrical impedance analysis for diagnosis of a pulmonary mass.

The electrical impedance of a pulmonary mass was measured in 53 patients of whom 44 had primary lung cancer, 5 had metastatic lung tumor, and 4 had organizing pneumonia. Because biologic tissue can be regarded, electrically, to consist of extracellular resistance (Re), intracellular resistance (Ri), and the electrical capacitance of the cell membrane (Cm), these three parameters were calculated from the measured electrical impedance of tissue by a curve-fitting technique using a computer program. The Re of lung tissue was significantly greater (p < 0.01) and the Cm of lung tissue was significantly less (p < 0.01) than that of a pulmonary mass. The Re of malignant tumors (both lung cancer and metastatic tumors) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) and the Cm of malignant tumors was significantly less (p < 0.01) than that of organizing pneumonia. With this information, we used a biopsy needle to diagnose nine intrathoracic lesions. This technique additionally allowed us to confirm the proximity of the needle tip of the mass. The electrical impedance of the lung mass was measured through the biopsy needle using a modified impedance analysis system before the biopsy was performed. There were no false-negative results, and one false-positive result. The rapid measurement of the electrical impedance of a pulmonary mass, preoperatively, may be of value in the clinical evaluation of a pulmonary mass both by facilitating needle guidance and by permitting diagnosis based on electrical impedance.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of umbilical polyp with aberrant pancreas and small intestinal mucosa--analysis of cases of umbilical polyp reported in Japan].

We report a case of a 60 year-old man with an umbilical polyp composed of the aberrant pancreas and small intestinal mucosa. This is an extremely rare lesion which originates in remnants of omphalomesenteric duct and is usually diagnosed in the infant period. Microscopic examination disclosed the aberrant pancreas with exocrine glands and ducts, but no islets of Langerhans. The above findings suggested that the pancreas might have been HEINRICH II in type.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Improvement of clinical symptoms by UFT and TAM and a case of bone metastasis from breast carcinoma during pregnancy].

At age 35, the patient was diagnosed with left breast carcinoma (T4bN0M0, Stage IIIb) during her first pregnancy, and underwent mastectomy of the left breast and bilateral oophorectomy. Although CPA was administered as adjuvant chemotherapy after the operation, left pelvic pain developed about a year after the operation, and bone metastasis was detected from the imaging diagnosis. Then, the therapy was switched to UFT (600 mg/day) and tamoxifen (20 mg/day), which markedly relieved the pain along with bone scintiscan (NC) and simple X-P (NC). Five years have passed since the operation, and the progress is excellent. There is neither increase of pain nor adverse reactions to drugs. Furthermore, the patient received breast reconstruction operation at her strong insistence in the third year after operation, and has achieved a high quality of life (QOL).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Two cases of thyroid cancer resected with trachea].

We described two patients of thyroid cancer with tracheal invasion. A 54-aged female visited our hospital with complaint of the neck pain. Echography showed a tumor in the right lobe of the thyroid. In operation the thyroid tumor invaded the trachea and right recurrent nerve. A 24-aged male visited our hospital with complaint of a mass of the left side neck. Echography showed a tumor in the left lobe of the thyroid. In operation the thyroid tumor invaded the trachea, lymph node and left recurrent nerve. In these two cases we could find thyroid tumors invaded into the trachea by echography. We re-evaluated the utility of echography.

Adult↗