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Biomedical subjects

Y Mochizuki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mochizuki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[A case report of lung abscess caused by Capnocytophaga gingivalis infection].

A 48-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of fever, cough and of loss appetite. Chest X-P revealed an abnormal shadow in the left upper lobe. Bronchoscopy was performed and Capnocytophaga gingivalis was cultured from the bronchial lavage and bronchial curreting fluid. Ceftizoxime sodium and Clindamycin phosphate was administered intravenously. He was discharged after 30 days. He did not have any immunosuppressive underlying disease including HIV infection and diabetes mellitus which cause these lesions.

Capnocytophaga↗
PubMed2000

Study of the smoking behavior of medical doctors in Fukui, Japan and their antismoking measures.

We conducted a survey on smoking among all members of the medical association in Fukui Prefecture, using a questionnaire to be filled in by the subjects. The survey was conducted from December of 1996 to February of 1997, and the return rate was 90.8%. The main results of this survey were as follows: the prevalence of current smoking among medical doctors was 26.0% (male: 27.8%, female: 5.2%), which was lower than that of adults in the general population. The prevalence of past smoking among doctors 20 to 34 years old by age cohort was highest and that among doctors 35 years old and higher declines as age cohort increased. Doctors' participation in activities for the prevention of smoking in the general society was also found to be at a low level.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Smoking behaviors and attitudes among school teachers in Mie, Japan.

We conducted a questionnaire survey of public kindergarten, elementary and high school teachers in Mie Prefecture, concerning smoking habits and attitudes from November 1995 to February 1996. A self-reporting questionnaire was sent to approximately 16,000 teachers and school employees. The questionnaires were collected in a way which took into consideration the privacy of the respondents. A total of 13,998 questionnaires were returned. The percentages of smokers among the teachers were 44.7% for males and 3.1% for females, percentages which are lower than those for the general Japanese population. Almost all of the men and women agreed that anti-smoking education is needed. Most of those who did not feel anti-smoking education was needed were smokers themselves. Seventy percent of both men and women responded that anti-smoking education was a teachers' duty, however, only thirty-six percent of the male and twenty-one percent of the female teachers had actual experience at such education. Finally, almost all teachers wish wish that schools were totally smoke-free or had a partial ban on smoking and believe that school anti-smoking policies in Japan should be introduced.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Household size related to prevalence of smoking in women in Japan.

We investigated the relationship between the prevalence of smoking in females and various social factors, such as household size. Ten thousand and sixty-nine subjects over 20 years of age were randomly selected from the general population of Mie Prefecture. The results showed that the habit of smoking was significantly associated with household size in women (P< 0.01), but not in men. Regarding household size, current smoking rate of women aged 20-59 who live in three-generation household was lower than those who live in others. Therefore, the steady replacement of the traditional three-generation household by smaller households in Japan may lead to an increase in the number of young women who smoke.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Acetazolamide reactivity in atherothrombotic, cardioembolic and lacunar infarctions.

Ten cases of atherothrombotic brain infarction, 10 cases of cardioembolic brain infarction, 10 cases of lacunar brain infarction, 10 cases of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 10 age-matched controls were studied. The cerebral blood flows in the cerebral cortex and cerebral white matter were significantly lower in the atherothrombotic, cardioembolic and lacunar infarction groups than in the TIA and control groups. The acetazolamide reactivity in the cerebral cortex was significantly lower in the atherothrombotic and lacunar infarction groups than in the cardioembolic, TIA and control groups. The rate of association of hypertension was significantly higher in the atherothrombotic, lacunar and TIA groups than in the cardioembolic and control groups. Plasma fibrinopeptide A, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin concentrations were higher in the atherothrombotic, cardioembolic and lacunar groups than in the TIA and control groups. The present study suggests that the degree of thrombolysis and platelet activation is less in TIA than in cerebral infarction and that underlying cerebral arteriosclerosis is more severe in atherothrombotic and lacunar infarction than in cardioembolic infarction.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2000

Cerebral blood flows in the acute and chronic stages of cerebral infarction.

Regional cerebral blood flows (rCBFs) were studied in the acute and the chronic stages of 8 patients with supratentorial cerebral infarction. In 2 patients with cardioembolic infarction, the rCBF increased in one patient and decreased in the other during the chronic stage. This decrease was explained by the risk factors of the latter patient because the patient had more risk factors than the former patient with increased rCBF. In 6 patients with lacunar infarction, the rCBF increased in 2 patients and decreased in 4 during the chronic stage. In all the patients with decreased rCBF, the number of lacunar infarction and/or the degree of leuko-araiosis on MRI increased during the chronic stage. Therefore, the decrease in rCBF during the chronic stage in lacunar infarction is considered to be due to the increase in the number of lacunar infarction, the increased degree of leuko-araiosis or both.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Diaschisis and acetazolamide reactivity in brainstem infarction.

Regional cerebral blood flows (rCBF) were studied in 6 patients with lateral medullary infarction and 4 patients with pontine infarction, using stable xenon computed tomography method. In lateral medullary infarction, the rCBF and acetazolamide reactivity were decreased in the ipsilateral cerebellum and the rCBF was decreased with normal acetazolamide reactivity in the contralateral frontal lobe in one patient accompanying ipsilateral cerebellar infarction. rCBF was decreased with normal acetazolamide reactivity in the cerebellum in 3 patients, and both rCBF and acetazolamide reactivity were decreased in the whole brain in 2 patients. In pontine infarction, rCBF was decreased in ipsilateral frontal lobe and contralateral cerebellum in one patient, rCBF was decreased in the cerebellum with normal acetazolamide reactivity in the other patients. The hypoperfusion with normal acetazolamide reactivity was considered to be due to diaschisis. The rCBF decrease in the remote areas in patients with brainstem infarction was considered to be due to diaschisis or underlying arteriosclerosis.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2000

Effect of cilostazol on cerebral blood flows in chronic stage of cerebral circulation.

In order to find out the difference between cilostazol and ticlopidine hydrochloride in the cerebral vasodilating effect in the chronic stage of cerebral infarction, cerebral blood flows were measured while the patients were on ticlopidine hydrochloride and after ticlopidine hydrochloride was switched to cilostazol. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed using Prism 2000XP gamma camera system. Ultrasound examinations of the carotid artery was performed using Ultramark 9. The blood flows in the frontal white matter, temporal cortex and occipital cortex after cilostazol were significantly higher than those before cilostazol. The peak systolic velocity, time-averaged peak velocity and volume flow after cilostazol were significantly higher than those before cilostazol. The total cholesterol, triglyceride and apolipoprotein B concentrations after cilostazol were significantly lower than those before cilostazol. The present study suggests that cilostazol has better influence on cerebral circulation than ticlopidine hydrochloride in the chronic stage of cerebral infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of multiple cranial neuropathy with positive antinuclear antibody responded to steroid].

A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral ptosis, total ophthalmoplegia, bilateral facial palsy and left hypoglossal nerve palsy. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) showed high titer of 1280 but other data were normal. With oral prednisolone therapy (40 mg/day), the symptoms improved gradually but ANA titer did not show any significant change. We thought multiple cranial neuropathy of the patient was due to autoimmune disease such as collagen disease or cranial nerve type of Guillain-Barré syndrome from her symptoms and positive ANA. In contrast to other reported cases of multiple cranial neuropathy with positive ANA, in our patient ANA titer was high, only motor cranial nerves were impaired, and total ophthalmoplegia was found. Steroid therapy was useful in accordance with other reports. Although our patient has no symptoms related to collagen diseases, a long follow-up of this patient is considered to be necessary.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed2000

Effects of bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation on cerebral circulation.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the cerebral blood flow in mild to moderately hypertensive patients with chronic cerebral infarction before and after the administration of bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation, a selective sympathetic alpha1 receptor blocker. METHODS: Eleven mild to moderately hypertensive patients (mean age 65.6 years) with chronic cerebral infarction were studied. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were on enalapril maleate, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, for one week and then enalapril maleate was switched to bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation. MEASURES: The cerebral blood flow study was performed before and 8 weeks after starting the administration of bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation. Cerebral blood flow was measured using the stable xenon CT method. The picture analysis was performed using AZ-7000. The regional cerebral blood flow was measured by placing the region of interest on the CT images. The regional cerebral blood flows were measured before and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 17 mg/kg acetazolamide. RESULTS: The blood flows in the parietal cortex and caudate nucleus 8 weeks after starting the administration of bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation were significantly greater than those before. The cerebrovascular acetazolamide reactivity in the occipital cortex and caudate nucleus was significantly lower after switching to bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation than before. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the reports that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors show little influence on cerebral blood flow, the present study suggests that bunazosin hydrochloride sustained-release formulation may show a good influence on cerebral blood flow in mild to moderately hypertensive patients with chronic cerebral infarction.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2000

[Management strategy for patients with coronary artery disease associated with valve disease].

BACKGROUND: The indication of combined operation of coronary artery bypass (CAB) and valve surgery is controversial. METHODS: Between April 1992 and January 2000, 13 patients underwent a combined operation with CAB and valve replacement, and 4 patients (2 were overlapped) who had had a previous CAB underwent a reoperative valve replacement. RESULTS: One patient who underwent AVR and reCAB 11 years after the initial CAB died. Another patient with preoperative MRSA pneumonia and received MVR and CAB died 4 months after surgery with MRSA sepsis. However, others showed an excellent post-operative course. The causes of necessitating the reoperation were: unawareness of aortic stenosis at the initial emergency CAB in 1 patient, progression of aortic stenosis in 1 patient, progression of aortic regurgitation in 1 patient, and progression of mitral regurgitation in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: The results of the combined CAB and valve replacement operation were acceptable. Patients with mild-moderate valve disease should be considered as candidates for valve surgery at the time of CAB.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case report of a successful surgical treatment for infective endocarditis involving four valves in a elderly patient with ventricular septal defects].

A 72-year-old female was examined because of acute congestive heart failure. Echocardiogram revealed vegetations on aortic and pulmonary valve, regurgitation of four valves, and perimembraneous ventricular septal defect. Aortic valve replacement, mitral valve replacement, repair of tricuspid valve using a Carpentier ring, partial resection of pulmonary valve, and direct closure of VSD was performed. Pathological finding of resected valves showed acute endocarditis. A patient resumed social activities after surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of sarcoid myopathy presenting muscle pain and muscle weakness and with muscle MRI abnormality].

We experienced a 70-year-old female diagnosed as sarcoidosis. She complained bilateral femoral pain from 70-year-old. 3 months after the onset, she developed muscle weakness extending to her upper extremities with high fever of 38-39 degrees C. The erythema appeared at the right femoral region 4 months after the onset. She admitted to our hospital because of further evaluation. When she was admitted, she had tenderness on grasping the femoral muscles, proximal limb muscle weakness and Gowers' sign. On laboratory examination, CRP, aldorase, myoglobin, lysozyme were increased mildly. The EMG demonstrated a myogenic pattern. Muscle biopsy performed from the left quadriceps femoris muscle revealed non-caseating granuloma and muscle fiber necrosis. A diagnosis of muscle sarcoidosis was made from the biopsy findings and the clinical features. With oral prednisolone administration, muscle weakness and other clinical features improved gradually. On muscle MRI, multiple small high intensity areas were scattered in the femoral muscles. Muscle MRI is considered to be useful for differential diagnosis of muscle sarcoidosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Novel inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase localizes at membrane ruffles.

We have cloned a novel inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase from the rat brain cDNA library. It contains two highly conserved 5-phosphatase motifs, both of which are essential for its enzymatic activity. Interestingly, the proline content of this protein is high and concentrated in its N- and C-terminal regions. One putative SH3-binding motif and six 14-3-3 zeta-binding motifs were found in the amino acid sequence. This enzyme hydrolyzed phosphate at the D-5 position of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inositol 1,3,4, 5-tetrakisphosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, consistent with the substrate specificity of type II 5-phosphatase, OCRL, synaptojanin and synaptojanin 2, already characterized 5-phosphatases. When the Myc-epitope-tagged enzyme was expressed in COS-7 cells and stained with anti-Myc polyclonal antibody, a signal was observed at ruffling membranes and in the cytoplasm. We prepared several deletion mutants and demonstrated that the 123 N-terminal amino acids (311-433) and a C-terminal proline-rich region containing 277 amino acids (725-1001) were essential for its localization to ruffling membranes. This enzyme might regulate the level of inositol and phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates at membrane ruffles.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Induction of tight junctions in human connexin 32 (hCx32)-transfected mouse hepatocytes: connexin 32 interacts with occludin.

Small gap junction plaques are associated with tight junction strands in some cell types including hepatocytes and it is thought that they may be closely related to tight junctions and the establishment of cell polarity. In order to examine roles of gap junctions in regulating expression and structure of tight junctions, we transfected human Cx32 cDNA into immortalized mouse hepatocytes (CHST8 cells) which lack endogenous Cx32 and Cx26. Immunocytochemistry revealed that endogenous integral tight junction protein occludin was strongly localized and was colocalized with Cx32 at cell borders in transfectants, whereas neither was detected in parental cells. In Northern blots, mRNAs encoding occludin and the other integral tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and -2, were induced in the transfectants compared to parental cells. In Western blots, occludin protein was increased in the transfectants compared to parental cells, and binding of occludin to Cx32 protein was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. In freeze fracture of the transfectants, tight junction strands were more numerous and complex compared to parental cells, and small gap junction plaques appeared within induced tight junction strands. Nevertheless, no change in barrier function of tight junctions was observed. These results indicate that in hepatocytes, gap junction, and tight junction expression are closely coordinated, and that Cx32 may play a role in regulating occludin expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Role of MaxiK channels in vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric artery.

We investigated the functional relevance of large conductance voltage-dependent and Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+)(MaxiK) channels in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced relaxation of rat mesenteric artery. VIP, which is known to increase cAMP levels, produced a concentration-dependent relaxation in endothelium-denuded arteries. Iberiotoxin, a MaxiK channel blocker, greatly diminished the VIP-induced relaxation. In a similar manner, a significant portion of the relaxant response to dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP), a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP, was inhibited by iberiotoxin. These results suggest that activation of MaxiK channels significantly contributes to the relaxant response of rat mesenteric artery to VIP, possibly via cAMP-mediated pathways.

Animals↗