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Biomedical subjects

Y Mizukami

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mizukami.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Angiomyolipoma of the liver: a collective review.

This review summarizes the clinical and pathological findings of 52 cases of hepatic angiomyolipoma to discern and establish the most pertinent clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. The disease was symptomatic in 60% of the patients. Abdominal pain or distress was the most common symptom, appearing in 37% of the patients, followed by malaise and upper abdominal mass or hepatomegaly. Of the 52 patients, only three (5.8%) showed associated tuberous sclerosis. Antemortem diagnosis of the tumor has been made with increasing frequency with the recent advent of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US). The tumor was usually visualized as a hyperechoic mass by US imaging and as a low density mass less than -20 Housefield units by CT, and was hypervascular on angiography. The tumor was usually yellow to light tan, depending on the amount of fat tissue. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by an admixture of mature fat cells, blood vessels, and smooth muscle cells, with occasional foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis. The amount of smooth muscle component varied and often exhibited hypercellularity, pleomorphism with occasional bizarre giant cells, and moderate motitic activity. These features are considered conducive to an erroneous diagnosis of malignant tumor. However, since no malignant counterpart has been reported, it can easily be accurately differentiated histologically, if one is aware of the entity and can identify the three components of the tumor; blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and fat. With regard to the histogenesis of angiomyolipoma, primitive mesenchymal cells around blood vessels may be the precursor cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in breast cancer.

The association between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, clinicopathological variables, silver-stained nuclear organizer region (Ag-NOR) counts, and patient survival was determined in 93 patients with operable breast cancer. The EGFR expression was found to be significantly associated with the presence and number of axillary lymph node metastases (P = 0.0429), but not with age, menopausal status, tumor size, histologic type or grade, or Ag-NOR counts. In a univariate analysis, a significant difference was also observed in the survival of patients stratified by tumor size (P = 0.0091), histologic grade (P = 0.0352), axillary lymph node metastases (P = 0.0001), and EGFR expression (P = 0.0263). However, a multivariate analysis revealed that axillary lymph node metastases was the only strong independent predictor of survival (P < 0.0001). When axillary lymph node metastases were excluded from the Cox model, the EGFR expression tended to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.0558). The results of this study thus indicate that the prognostic value of EGFR expression is limited because the EGFR expression is significantly associated with axillary lymph node metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The relationship of p53 protein and lymph node metastases in invasive breast cancer.

The p53 expression in invasive breast cancers from 106 patients was correlated with clinicopathological variables to ascertain its usefulness for estimating prognosis. The p53 expression was significantly associated with the number of axillary lymph node metastases and the presence of internal mammary lymph node metastases; however, it was not associated with age, menopausal status, histologic type, or tumor size. Although p53 expression was a significant prognostic factor according to univariate analysis, it did not appear to be an independent prognostic factor according to multivariate analysis. Thus, the prognostic power of p53 expression is likely to be weak and therefore probably of limited clinical value. Nevertheless, the number of patients in our study was small, and we believe that an investigation of a larger series of patients is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case of choledochal cyst associated with adenocarcinoma exhibiting sarcomatous features.

One complication of choledochal cyst in adulthood is the development of secondary carcinoma, usually well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. We report a case of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma associated with choledochal cyst and presenting predominantly sarcomatous features. The patient was a 52-year-old female who presented with abdominal fullness and pain. Ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and cholangiography revealed a choledochal cyst with a tumor. The resected choledochal cyst was 10 x 7.5 cm and contained a protruding, ulcerated tumor, measuring about 4.0 x 2.5 cm. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped or fusiform cells with occasional pleomorphic or bizarre giant cells and abundant fibrous stroma, similar to malignant mesenchymal tumors. However, further histologic and immunohistochemical examination revealed that the tumor was adenocarcinoma with prominent sarcomatous features. To our knowledge, sarcomatous change in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma associated with choledochal cyst has not been previously described.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a case report and review of the literature.

A rare case of columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is reported. The tumor was characterized by a predominantly papillary proliferation of tall columnar cells with marked nuclear stratification with associated focal areas showing solid or microfollicular growth. The nuclei of the tumor cells did not have the ground-glass appearance that characterizes papillary thyroid carcinoma; rather their nuclear features resembled follicular carcinoma. The tumor was found in an advanced stage and the patient died of lung metastases 2.5 years after surgery. The unique histopathological features and highly aggressive nature of columnar cell carcinoma require that this variant be differentiated from common papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. We also reviewed the literature emphasizing the lethal biological nature of this variant.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Sarcoidosis of the thyroid gland manifested initially as thyroid tumor.

A rare case of a patients with sarcoidosis of the thyroid gland, who was preoperatively diagnosed as having thyroid carcinoma and who had no other clinical features of sarcoidosis, is reported. Thyroidectomy specimen revealed numerous noncaseating, epithelioid granulomas in the thyroid tissue. Mycobacteria, fungi and foreign body material were not identified. Similar granulomas were also found in the lymph nodes and muscular tissue adjacent to the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland After the diagnosis of sarcoidosis of the thyroid, systemic examination failed to reveal any involvement in other sites, including lung, eye and skin. This case demonstrated that sarcoidosis can manifest initially as a thyroid tumor with no other evidence of disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and fibular osteosarcoma in a 13-year-old girl.

Bronchogenic cancer in the pediatric age group is extremely rare and less than 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. We report a 13-year-old girl with simultaneous occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and osteosarcoma. The patient was admitted with lower leg pain, and an abnormal shadow in the right fibula was noted on X-ray examination. Further examination of the fibular lesion including tumor biopsy revealed an osteosarcoma. Following completion of the first course of preoperative chemotherapy, multiple lung shadows were found on chest X-ray films. After five courses of preoperative chemotherapy, however, all lung shadows except one in the right lower lobe disappeared. The fibular tumor was then resected. Postoperatively, an additional six courses of chemotherapy was given. However, the lung shadow in the right lower lobe was still present. Exploratory thoracotomy was performed. Pathologically, the lung tumor measured 0.8 cm in diameter with an ill-defined border, and histological examination revealed a well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, only a few cases of pediatric lung cancers have been reported to be associated with congenital cystic malformation of the lung. However, this combination of pediatric lung adenocarcinoma and osteosarcoma has not been previously reported.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1994

Autonomously functioning (hot) nodule of the thyroid gland. A clinical and histopathologic study of 17 cases.

The authors present the clinical and pathologic findings of 17 patients with autonomously functioning (hot) nodule of the thyroid (AFNT). The patients were 13 to 68 years of age, and 12 were female. Five had obvious laboratory findings of hyperthyroidism, but the other 12 were euthyroid. Fifteen patients had solitary or multiple benign nodules. The remaining two had autonomously functioning carcinomas; one of these patients had a papillary carcinoma with no distant metastases, and the other had a follicular carcinoma with widespread metastases. Total thyroidectomy was performed in one patient, subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in four, and hemithyroidectomy in eight. Diagnostic large needle biopsy was performed in only four patients. Of the 13 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, 3 had multiple hot nodules, and 10 had a solitary hot nodule. The size of the nodules ranged from very small to 6 cm, with no definite correlation found between the size of the nodule and thyroid function. Pathologically, cystic change and hemorrhage to various degrees were common features of AFNT. On histologic examination of the nodules, 13 were diagnosed as follicular adenoma (6 predominantly macrofollicular; 4 mixed micro-, normo-, and macrofollicular; and 3 predominantly papillary) and 2 as adenomatous goiter (1 predominantly papillary and 1 predominantly macrofollicular). The remaining two were diagnosed as carcinoma (1 follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and 1 follicular carcinoma). Two children had benign nodules showing a predominantly papillary architecture. Microcarcinoma outside the nodules was found in two patients, and both microcarcinomas were a papillary type. The AFNTs showed characteristic pathologic findings, and the pathologic differentiation of AFNTs from usually observed nonfunctioning (cold) nodules was not difficult. Pathologists should pay particular attention to AFNTs showing a papillary architecture, because these papillary lesions are sometimes mistaken for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1994

Solid cell nests of the thyroid. A histologic and immunohistochemical study.

A histologic and immunohistochemical study was performed to identify the histogenesis of solid cell nests (SCN), which were found incidentally in 11 thyroid glands obtained by surgery. Histologically, SCN consisted of small nests showing solid and cystic structures. Cystic features of SCN were found in 3 of the 11 cases (27%), with mucinous materials in their lumens. Some goblet cells were also present in three cases (27%). In one case, SCN were associated with lymphocyte aggregation. Immunohistochemical analysis using serial sections of the SCN showed that the cells comprising SCN were positive for calcitonin in 5 cases (45%), for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detected using polyclonal antibody in 11 (100%), for CEA detected using monoclonal antibody in 3 (27%), for calcitonin gene related peptide in 2 (18%), for chromogranin A in 5 (45%), and for keratin in 11 (100%). These antigens were expressed concomitantly in the same SCN, but the number and distribution of the positive cells for the antigens were different for each antigen in the same SCN in each case. These findings strongly support the view that SCN are derived from the ultimobranchial body. In addition, the biologic function to produce the antigens may vary greatly in individual cells comprising SCN.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical demonstration of thyrotropin (TSH)-receptor in normal and diseased human thyroid tissues using monoclonal antibody against recombinant human TSH-receptor protein.

We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of TSH-receptor in normal and diseased human thyroid tissues using a monoclonal antibody (T3-356) against the C terminal region of human TSH receptor. In normal human thyroid tissues, a positive staining was observed exclusively along the basal cell surface of the flattened follicular cells. In the tissues from adenomatous nodules, adenomas, and papillary carcinomas, a positive staining was also found along the basal cell surface of the follicular cells. In addition, a considerable cytoplasmic staining was observed. The apical and lateral cell surfaces of the follicular cells showed no staining. The foci of squamous cell metaplasia of papillary carcinomas, anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma did not show a positive staining. In Graves' thyroids, the positive staining was also observed along the basal cell surface of the follicular cells. The staining was obviously intense in the Graves' thyroids, and the most intense staining was noted in the foci of papillary projection of the columnar follicular cells. These findings indicate that TSH receptor is preserved essentially in the basal cell surface of the thyroid follicular cells in neoplastic conditions and that the amount of TSH receptor protein is increased in Graves' thyroid.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Preferential uptake of lactosylceramide-bearing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-liposomes into liver: role of membrane fluidity.

The effect of the membrane fluidity of lactosylceramide (LacCer)-bearing liposomes on their liver uptake was investigated in rats. Liposomes consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC): cholesterol:dicetylphosphate:LacCer (7:2:1:1, molar ratio) were prepared with various fluidities using dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and egg PC. These liposomes were all equally stable in serum and were small enough to pass freely through the fenestrae and be taken up easily by liver cells. The LacCer modification of DPPC-liposomes markedly facilitated blood clearance, whereas no enhancing effect of LacCer was observed with egg PC- and DMPC-liposomes. Tissue distribution studies showed the preferential liver uptake of LacCer-bearing DPPC-liposomes, which was largely compatible with the rapid clearance induced by the LacCer modification. In addition, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic analysis revealed that the LacCer modification of DPPC-liposomes significantly enhanced the order parameter S, indicating that LacCer-bearing DPPC-liposomes were the most rigid of those used in this study. These observations suggest that the membrane fluidity of liposomes in vivo is a crucial factor for their preferential liver uptake.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Simultaneous detection of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) and carcinoembryonic antigen in lung adenocarcinoma.

Simultaneous detection of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was investigated in AMeX (Acetone, Methyl benzoate and Xylene)-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections of 24 adenocarcinomas of the lung, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Distinct expression of both ICAM-1 and CEA was found in tumor cells in all cases. The staining pattern of these two antigens was quite similar and was mainly affected by the tumor grade. In well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, uniformly positive staining was demonstrated predominantly along the apical surfaces of the tumor cell nests, and to a lesser degree on the lateral cell surface and in the cytoplasm with apical concentration, but no positive staining was found on the basal cell surfaces. In poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, positive staining was found along the entire cell surface and in the cell cytoplasm without any apical concentration, and the staining intensity varied from region to region in the same tumor cell and from cell to cell within the same tumor cell nest. In moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, the staining pattern was intermediate between those of well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with some degree of apical concentration. The expression pattern of ICAM-1 or CEA on tumor cells did not correlate well with stromal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results indicate that the expression pattern of CEA and ICAM-1 is an inherent characteristic of tumor cells, and that their abnormal expression may play an important role in the physiological behavior of tumor cells because the polarity of their expression is lost in parallel with histological tumor grades.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Gastroduodenal lesions in patients with liver cirrhosis--pathogenesis and management].

Gastroduodenal lesions are a common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. The etiology of this problem has been investigated from the standpoint of both mucosal protective factors and aggressive factors. Among the various mucosal protective factors, much emphasis has been placed on the disturbance of microcirculation in the gastric mucosa as a result of stasis in the portal vein. Duodenogastric reflux may be involved in the etiology of the gastric mucosal changes. And, Phospholipids levels in the gastric mucosa were reduced in cirrhosis. Regarding aggressive factors, there have been many reports of diminished secretion of gastric acid. But, patients with ulcer had a tendency to be higher gastric acidity than those without ulcer. Drugs increased mucosal defense might be effective in healing gastroduodenal lesions in cirrhosis. Despite the observation that acid secretion decreased in cirrhosis, inhibition of acid secretion induces ulcer healing. In cirrhosis, a high incidence of gastric cancer was reported, so that patients should be undergo periodic screening with endoscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Manometric study of the biliary sphincter zone: a comparison between the length of phasic activity and the narrow distal segment].

Motor activity of the sphincter of Oddi has been evaluated in 26 patients who underwent ERCP examination. Manometric recordings from the common bile duct and the sphincter of Oddi were performed with a single end-lumen perfused catheter. The number of successive 3 mm spaced black marks, observed during the pull-through from the first appearance of the proximal sphincter activity to that of duodenal pressure, was used to measure the length of the sphincter zone. In 14 of 26 patients, the length of phasic activity zone of the sphincter of Oddi was 9 mm. However, the narrow distal segment of the common bile duct was 15.1 +/- 3.6 mm in length. In same patients, the length of phasic activity zone was shorter than the anatomical one. The mean sphincter of Oddi pressure (SOP) at the distance of 6 mm from the papillary pore (77.8 +/- 22.1 mmHg) was greater than that of 9 mm (58.4 +/- 27.0 mmHg) and 12 mm (51.0 +/- 16.9 mmHg). These results suggest that the location of the orifice of catheter should be taken into consideration when comparing the SOP.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and sequencing of a novel rat cytochrome P450 2B-encoding gene.

A novel rat P450 2B gene encoding cytochrome P450 2B15 was cloned and sequenced. The gene is separated into nine exons by eight introns. This gene structure is very similar to those of P450 2B1 and 2B2, except that the coding sequences of the gene are longer in the first and ninth exons than those of the P450 2B1 and 2B2 genes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and characterization of the binding sequences for the product of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS.

The Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS (AG) is required for normal flower development. The deduced AG protein contains a region which shares substantial sequence similarity with the DNA-binding domains of known transcription factors, SRF (human) and MCM1 (yeast). Therefore, it is likely that AG is also a DNA-binding protein regulating transcription of floral genes. We describe here several experiments to characterize AG-DNA binding in vitro. We show that AG indeed binds a DNA sequence matching the consensus of SRF targets. Further, we have selected the AG-binding sequences from a pool of random oligonucleotides, and deduced an AG-binding consensus sequence of TT(A/T)CC(A/T)(A/t)2(T/A)NNGG(-G)(A/t)2. We have demonstrated that AG binds to the consensus region of three of the oligonucleotides by footprinting analysis. Finally, we have examined AG's relative binding affinity for different sequences, as compared to SRF, by gel mobility shift analysis. Our results indicate that AG is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, and that the AG-binding consensus sequence is similar to those of MCM1 and SRF.

AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis↗