Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Mizoi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mizoi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Endogenous formation of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3- carboxylic acid in man as the possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan.

1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) is now thought to be a possible causative substance of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan. In the present study a factor affecting endogenous formation of MTCA in 32 healthy men is studied. Urinary excretions of MTCA and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection after administration of a high or low protein diet as well as peroral tryptophan (0.5 g) or ethanol (0.4 g/kg). Blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were determined by gas chromatography after ethanol consumption. Both, the high protein diet and tryptophan resulted in a significant rise of urinary TCCA. In contrast, ethanol intake caused increased excretion of MTCA, though a relationship between blood acetaldehyde level and urinary excretion of MTCA was not shown. We showed for the first time that an elevation of urinary excretion of MTCA following ethanol consumption in man without ingestion of L-tryptophan tablets implicated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1991

Identification of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid in foodstuffs, human urine and human milk.

1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (TCCA), both precursors of mutagenic N-nitroso compounds (N-nitrosamines, 1-methyl-2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and 2-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid), were detected in various food-stuffs, urine from healthy human subjects and human milk. A purification procedure, involving a chemically-bonded material followed by HPLC combined with fluorometric detection, was used for the quantitative determination of these compounds, allowing the separation of two diastereoisomers of MTCA. An HPLC and mass spectrometry method was also developed for their identification. Comparing the concentration of MTCA and TCCA in fermented products and raw materials suggested that tetrahydro-beta-carbolines may have been produced through fermentation or by condensation of tryptophan and acetaldehyde formed from ethanol added as a food preservative. This is the first report of excretion of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in human urine and human milk. A comparison of the concentrations of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in urine from human infants and human milk indicates that tetrahydro-beta-carbolines may be synthesized endogenously in humans. A possible pathway of tryptophan metabolism in plants and animals is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Degrees of alcohol intoxication in 117 hospitalized cases.

The correlation among degrees of alcohol intoxication, facial flushing, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and blood acetaldehyde level was studied in 117 male alcoholic patients who underwent various tests to assess alcohol influence. Blood samples were collected and alcohol and acetaldehyde levels were determined. BACs ranged from 29 to 577 mg/dl in all patients and from 200 to 299 mg/dl in 48 of them. Fifty-one patients could stand erect (mean BAC [+/- SD] = 189 +/- 80 mg/dl), while 48 showed apparently normal reaction to a walking and turning test (mean BAC = 192 +/- 78 mg/dl). Some of the cases having BACs over 300 mg/dl could still stand and walk while others with BACs under 100 mg/dl already showed psychomotor impairment. Facial flushing was recognized in 75% of the subjects. Acetaldehyde concentrations in 27 patients ranged from 24 to 147 micrograms/dl. Appearance of facial flushing was correlated with relatively high concentrations of blood acetaldehyde. Seven out of 10 healthy volunteers given 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg of alcohol as a control could do nothing but sleep after reaching peak BAC (mean = 232 +/- 21 mg/dl). These findings are taken to indicate a great difference in response to alcohol between alcoholics and healthy men. This study is the first to report the occurrence of facial flushing and raised blood acetaldehyde concentration among Japanese alcoholics.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1991

[Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage developing in the apparent course].

The victim, 52 year old man, was thrust down and hit his left occiput against the concrete floor. He was hospitalised and his comatose state continued to the death. On admission, blood pressure was 212/110 mmHg and the computed tomography scan of the head showed only an extensive right subdural hematoma. But the intracerebral hemorrhages in the right frontal, temporal and parietal lobes were recognized 10.5 hours after the trauma. A subdural hematoma was evacuated by operation on the second hospital day. The intracerebellar hemorrhage also appeared 16 hours after the trauma. Blood pressure fluctuated between 160/80 and 200/110 mmHg. The photo of CT scan at 38.5 hours after the trauma showed little subdural hematoma and new intracerebral hemorrhage located in the left temporal lobe. On the third hospital day, he was equipped with a respirator and blood pressure was between 132/84 and 242/100 mmHg. The reaction of the pupils to light disappeared on the 8th hospital day. Blood pressure gradually decreased on the 9th and 10th hospital days and he died on the 11th day. Autopsy revealed a bruise in the left occiput, a linear fracture in the frontal and left parietal bones and a small amount of subdural hematoma on the surface of the right cerebral hemisphere. Cortical contusions were found in the right frontal, the both temporal and the left parietal lobes. Intracerebral hemorrhages were found in the right frontal, the both temporal and the right parietal lobes. Intracerebellar hemorrhage was also found. Cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis of the aorta were recognized. We thought that small hemorrhages which were not clearly detectable by CT scan immediately after injury may have developed into massive intracerebral and intracerebellar hemorrhages due to high blood pressure after a hospitalization.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1990

Hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adducts in human volunteers following acute ethanol ingestion.

Rabbit antibodies against albumin-acetaldehyde adduct were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect acetaldehyde-hemoglobin condensates from the blood of 12 volunteers following ingestion of 1.3 to 2.9 g of ethanol per kg body weight during 8 hr. Blood samples were drawn before drinking and between 2 to 46 hr after starting the drinking session. While there were no significant increases in blood acetaldehyde levels in these samples, acetaldehyde-hemoglobin adducts were significantly increased in the samples drawn after ethanol had been eliminated from the body. Administration of ethanol (0.1 g/kg) to an Oriental flusher resulted in an increase both in blood acetaldehyde and the hemoglobin-acetaldehyde adduct levels. These results suggest that acetaldehyde-hemoglobin condensates are formed in vivo following acute ethanol ingestion. Such condensates may be of value to mark alcohol consumption.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1990

[Injuries caused by automobile dragging: a report of three cases].

Three cases of victims who were dragged a long distance by automobiles are reported. Injuries caused by such dragging are discussed. [Case 1] A 50-year-old man was found dead under an automobile after having been dragged for a distance of 530 m. Deep abrasions were found in the right temporal region, both scapular regions, the buttocks, and the heels. There were excoriations toward upper side in the right hypochondriac region along the rib arch, and multiple rib fractures with and without severe hemorrhaging. Alcohol levels were 3.54 mg/ml in the femoral venous blood, and 4.54 mg/ml in the urine. It seemed that the victim was drunk and had been lying on his back and that the automobile's underbody had caught him in his right hypochondriac region and had compressed the thoraco-abdominal regions. [Case 2] A 50-year-old drunken man, who had been lying on his back on the side of a road, was dragged by a car for a distance of 2 km. The victim showed marked and deep abrasions of the back, the buttocks, the lateral surface of both ankles, and on the ulnar surface of the left forearm. In the left forearm, the ulna and soft tissues had been rubbed flat and were blackened. The alcohol levels in the femoral venous blood and in the urine were 3.31 and 4.19 mg/ml, respectively. [Case 3] An 83-year-old woman was found dead on the side of a road. In the right temporal region, the skull had been rubbed flat and the right cerebral hemisphere was exposed and flattened. Severe abrasions were observed on both shoulders, the buttocks, and on the back surfaces of the lower extremities. Her sandals and a broken cane were found on the road 2 km from the scene. The offender has not yet been arrested. Injuries caused by the road surface in traffic accidents usually take the form of excoriations or abrasions, and the three victims of this report showed severe and characteristic injuries. Excoriations or abrasions develop into abrasive injuries, defects of the skin or soft tissue, and to the exposure of the internal organs from continuous, prolonged dragging. Some of these accumulated injuries might have been caused by frictional heat.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

A pharmacokinetic study of ethanol elimination--first pass metabolism and elimination rate.

In this study two pharmacokinetic dispositions of ethanol metabolism were investigated. To determine the existence of first pass metabolism (FPM), Japanese male volunteers with and without a low Km isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) received 0.1 and/or 0.4 g/kg dose of ethanol either perorally or intravenously. Blood ethanol level was lower and the area under the blood ethanol concentration-time curve (AUC) was smaller under peroral than under intravenous administration, although tantamount doses of ethanol were administered. The difference in AUC between peroral and intravenous administrations was apparent when a lower dose of ethanol was given. These findings were taken to indicate that a significant fraction of ethanol administered perorally was metabolized during absorption before reaching the systemic circulation and that this FPM of ethanol became clearer in smaller ethanol doses. In order to compare the parameters of Widmark's zero-order kinetics and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, sixty-one male volunteers, i.e. 30 subjects with normal ALDH and 31 with a deficiency of it, ingested 0.4 g/kg of ethanol perorally. The elimination phase of blood ethanol-time curve was fitted to a two-compartment open model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. A significant difference was seen in beta 60 between the normal ALDH group and the deficient one. Vmax in the normal ALDH group was relatively higher than that in the deficient one and Vmax was significantly correlated to beta 60. Km varied widely among the individual subjects. In the case in which high or moderate dose of ethanol is administered, the Widmark's method is sufficient for ethanol elimination studies in clinical and medicolegal practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Forensic neuropathological and immunohistochemical studies on Alzheimer-type dementia (AD/SDAT).

Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) was discussed not only from the aspects of forensic neuropathology by using various techniques for general stains and silver-impregnation, but also immunohistochemically by using antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein which is a specific marker for astrocytes. There were marked differences in microscopic findings of ATD group and control group of elderly subjects whose intellectual have been maintained. The main histological features of ATD were presence of numerous senile plaques and neurofibrillary changes, and both of them were thought to be helpful diagnosis markers. Double stains by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) stain using avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method and Congo red stain were performed. By the former stain, typical senile plaques, encircled by reactive astrocytes and penetrated interior by their processes, were demonstrated. By the latter stain, amyloid core was well detected. Another method which is particularly sensitive to amyloid, such as amyloid core or amyloid angiopathy, is the thioflavin S stain. Immunohistochemical stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated an intense participation within the plaques by processes of reactive astrocytes. Using the autopsy criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease reported by Khachaturian, senile plaques were counted on microscopic magnification x200 field. Numerous plaques satisfying thoroughly the criteria were detected. The report by Blessed et al. that there is a highly significant correlation between mean plaque counts in sections of cerebral cortex of elderly subjects and degrees of dementia is very helpful for forensic pathologists and is highly evaluated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study on ethanol elimination and blood acetaldehyde between alcoholics and control subjects.

Factors influencing ethanol elimination rate and blood acetaldehyde concentration with regard to age, blood ethanol concentration, and degrees of alcoholic liver disorder were studied in alcoholic patients vis-à-vis healthy subjects. Ninety-four male alcoholic patients were divided into five groups according to age and into three groups according to blood ethanol concentration which ranged between 4.21 and 0.29 mg/ml. It was noted that as age increased, blood ethanol concentration decreased. Groups A, B, and C consisted of subjects whose ethanol levels were more than 2.5, between 1.0 and 2.5, and less than 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. Average values of ethanol elimination rate in Groups A, B, and C were 0.26, 0.23, and 0.18 mg/ml/hr, respectively. The rate increased as blood ethanol concentration elevated. The rate in Group B was significantly higher than that in the healthy control subjects who had blood ethanol levels between 1.0 and 2.5 mg/ml. The rate of ethanol elimination was independent of liver disorder judged by liver function test values. Blood acetaldehyde concentrations in the patients were less than 1.48 micrograms/ml, with an average value of 0.58 microgram/ml, and were significantly correlated with blood ethanol levels in both alcoholics and healthy subjects.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

Partition ratio of acetaldehyde between blood and breath after ethanol consumption.

Breath samples which were collected into Alcomille Breath Bags (Etzlinger Electronics, Geneve, Switzerland) were assessed for their acetaldehyde and ethanol levels by gas chromatography. Simultaneously, their levels in the venous blood were determined with the PCA method. A good correlation fit for acetaldehyde and ethanol levels was obtained in both blood and breath samples, respectively. The blood/breath partition ratio for acetaldehyde was 109 +/- 10 and that for ethanol was 2,300 +/- 100. The water/air, saline/air, and plasma/air partition ratios of acetaldehyde in vitro were 119, 120, and 155, respectively. Conversely, the water/air, saline/air, plasma/air, and blood/air partition ratios of ethanol were 2,160, 2,040, 1,920 and 1,720, respectively. The acetaldehyde in the bag was well preserved. In analyzing breath acetaldehyde, it is very important that only the end expiratory air is collected. Determination of acetaldehyde level with Alcomille Breath Bag is very useful to investigate alcohol metabolism, when some problems exist in the collection of blood samples and in the treatment for the analysis of blood acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

[Aortoesophageal fistula by swallowed foreign body--a case report and review of the literature].

A case of aortoesophageal fistula is presented. The etiology, symptoms, and diagnosis of aortoesophageal fistula are reviewed. A 22-year-old nurse died just after massive hematemesis. The autopsy finding revealed massive hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract and conspicuously pale organs. The fistula between the thoracic descending aorta and esophagus was observed. Microscopically, acute inflammation and blood clots containing bacterial colonies were found around the fistulous tract. Eight days before her death, she felt retrosternal sticking pain just after eating a baked slice of sea bream. She consulted a family doctor, but no foreign body was discovered in the esophagus with radiography and endoscopy. As a dull pain and slight fever did not disappear and continued intermittently, she often consulted the doctor. A small hemorrhage in the left wall of esophagus was noted 2 days before her death with endoscopy. She was hospitalized over the night and the next day she was discharged and get home. After taking a nap, she felt a syncopal attack in the afternoon. A tarry stool was noticed in the evening. The next morning, she died suddenly in exsanguination. The clinical feature of aortoesophageal fistula is uniform and has been described as Chiari's triad, i.e., the chest pain, the symptom-free interval and the signal hemorrhage, and the fatal hemorrhage. The present case showed the typical symptom of aortoesophageal fistula by swallowed foreign body, though fish bone or any foreign body was not discovered with examinations. Approximately 100 cases of aortoesophageal fistula by esophageal foreign body have been reported since 1818. The present case is the second one reported in Japan as caused by foreign body.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A homicidal strangulation by ligature, disguised as a suicidal hanging].

A naked 38-year-old woman was found dead, lying beside a bed in a guest room of a hotel. A cotton cord was looped around her neck, with one end tied to a bedpost. Thus it seemed that she had hanged herself in a lying position. Yet, certain suspicious factors gave rise to doubts. The hair and a necklace were intertwined with the cord and a man that had been staying in the same room had fled. On the postmortem examination, marked congestion and many petechial haemorrhages were seen in the face and the upper area of the neck, also in conjunctiva. A light-brown and highly dry ligature mark, about one centimeter in width, was found on the neck. The mark, crossing the front of the neck, was clearly evident from the back to the right side of the neck. The lower borders of the congestion and petechial haemorrhages in the face and neck were located 1 or 2 centimeters above the ligature mark. On the left side of the neck, another pale ligature mark with slight subcutaneous haemorrhages was seen between the dry mark and the lower border of the congested part of the neck. A similar ligature mark also was found on the back of the neck. On internal examination, congestion of the cervical lymph nodes and haemorrhages in the cervical muscles were recognized in the areas of the cutaneous congestion. These findings supported suspicions that the dry ligature mark had been caused by hanging after her death, and that the light ligature mark with slight subcutaneous haemorrhages on the left side and back of the neck had been caused by strangulation, which had brought on the victim's death. Therefore, it was decided that her death had been disguised as a suicidal hanging, after she had been strangled by ligature. A week later, her former husband was arrested and confessed his crime.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Unusual calcification in brain suspected to be caused by toxoplasmosis: a report of an autopsy case].

A very rare case of severe calcification in brain is reported. A 49-year-old man was hit and run by a motorcar in acrossing a road on foot, and he died 1 hour later in an emergency hospital. Medico-legal autopsy was done at 5 hours after his death. The cause of death was cerebral contusion caused by a struck on partieto-occipital region. Unusually severe calcification was observed in the right and left cerebral hemispheres, especially basal ganglia, in the border areas between grey and white matters of frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, as well as in the cerebellar nucleus, cortex and medulla. Histological examination showed severe multiple calcification in the brain tissue. Dispersed deposit of pseudocalcium-Ca and edema were observed around the calcifications. Proliferation of glia cells and decrease of nerve cells were also noted. In his past history, he began to speak distinctly and to stagger since 8 years ago. Three years ago, he collided with guardrail while driving his motorcycle, and he was hospitalized. Calcification in the brain was already revealed in the roentogenographic examination. In the laboratory findings, the data of serum calcium, serum phosphorus and Ellsworth-Haward test were normal. The antibody of toxoplasma, however, showed high level more than X 1,024. After he was discharged, dementia, instability of trunk and dysarthria still continued, and he used to across a crowded road unconcernedly. The cause of the calcification might be suspected to be toxoplasmosis, although neither trophozoites, cysts nor oocysts were found in the brain tissue.

Accidents, Traffic↗