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Biomedical subjects

Y Mizoguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mizoguchi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Release of leukotriene B4 from rat Kupffer cells.

In order to examine the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from Kupffer cells, Kupffer cells isolated from the normal rat liver were incubated with calcium ionophore A23187, opsonized zymosan, or platelet activating factor (PAF), and the amount of LTB4 in the culture supernatant was determined by the combined technique of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. As a result, when activated in vitro with calcium ionophore A23187, Kupffer cells generated LTB4. When Kupffer cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore after 10-min preincubation with AA861, a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, the release of LTB4 from Kupffer cells was markedly suppressed. PAF, which is a phospholipid mediator having a wide spectrum of biological activities, significantly enhanced the release of LTB4 from Kupffer cells stimulated with calcium ionophore or opsonized zymosan. Even when the Kupffer cell were not stimulated with calcium ionophore or opsonized zymosan, LTB4 production was significantly increased by PAF. Thus, our studies indicate that Kupffer cells could generate LTB4 as well as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. In addition, it is suggested that Kupffer cells may be able to modify inflammatory and immunological events in the liver tissue by the release of LTB4.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Controlled prospective trial to evaluate Syosakiko-to in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver].

A controlled prospective study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Syo-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pairs of patients were matched for age, sex, presence of HBs antigen and the scores of the severity of liver dysfunction from 260 cirrhotic subjects. We randomly assigned each patient to receive either a conventional medicine (control group), or 7.5 g/day of Syo-saiko-to (trial group). The patients were monitored during 34 months of treatment, and the incidence of HCC in the two groups were compared. Seventeen patients were found to have HCC in the control group, and nine were found to have HCC in the trial group. The incidence of HCC was significantly lower in the trial group. The results of this study suggested that Syo-saiko-to may prevent or delay the emergence of latent HCC in patients with cirrhosis of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of the cholestatic factor and the prostaglandin E1 derivative on the level of cAMP in isolated hepatocytes of rats].

It has been reported that cAMP in hepatocytes plays an important role in bile discharge. Therefore, in order to examine the action mechanism of the cholestatic factor, we studied the effect of the cholestatic factor and prostaglandin E1 derivative which inhibits the activity of the cholestatic factor on the cAMP level in hepatocytes. As a result, the cAMP level in hepatocytes was decreased by treatment with the cholestatic factor, but was increased by the prostaglandin E1 derivative. Furthermore, the cAMP level which was decreased by the cholestatic factor returned to the original level by treatment with the prostaglandin E1 derivative. Because the increase in the cAMP level in hepatocytes promotes the bile acid independent bile discharge, it is suggested that the cholestatic factor reduces the bile flow by the decrease in the cAMP level in hepatocytes, and that the prostaglandin E1 derivative competes with the action of the cholestatic factor through the increase in the cAMP level in hepatocytes.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1989

T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

T lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of 10 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were examined by using various kinds of monoclonal antibodies directed to the surface markers of the lymphocytes. We found that the population of Leu 2a+, Leu 15- cytotoxic T cells was decreased in PBC patients compared to normal controls, especially in those with a high serum titer of anti-mitochondria antibodies. However, there was no significant difference in the population of Leu 2a+, Leu 15+ suppressor T cells between PBC patients and normal controls. Although the population of Leu 3a+, Leu 8- helper T cells was not significantly different, the population of Leu 3a+, Leu 8+ suppressor-inducer T cells was remarkably increased in PBC patients compared to normal controls. On the other hand, no such difference was seen for the NK cells. Furthermore, the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio was significantly higher in PBC patients especially in those with a high serum anti-mitochondria antibody titer, which was thought to be due to the decreased population of cytotoxic T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Current status of Jatene's operation].

The current status of Jatene's operation for transposition of the great arteries was described by showing the analysis of our results of an arterial switch operation addition to the review of the literatures. The arterial switch operation recently has become the operation of first choice because of its low surgical mortality (4.5% in author's series) and low incidence of postoperative complication. Surgical techniques to avoid complications such as postoperative bleeding, kinking of the transplanted coronary arteries, aortic valve insufficiency and pulmonary arterial stenosis were presented. One-stage anatomic correction has been performed with low mortality less than 10% in centers dealing high volumes of neonatal surgery (7% in author's series). One-stage correction in the neonate is advocated in views of its low surgical mortality and excellent postoperative left ventricular function.

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on intrahepatic cholestasis.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was administered to 16 intrahepatic cholestasis patients with severe jaundice, and its clinical effects were studied. As a result, it was remarkably effective in 6 patients, significantly effective in 5 patients, slightly effective in 2 patients and unchanged in 3 patients. As for the dose, when 600 mg/day was administered, it was effective in all patients, but even when only 150 mg/day was administered, it was effective in one patient (50%). Duration of treatment was 15 to 177 days with a mean of 55.3 days. These results suggested that while there is no adequate treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis with severe jaundice, UDCA should be considered as a possible method of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Choleretic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on experimentally-induced intrahepatic cholestasis.

When a lymphokine, the cholestatic factor, is intravenously injected into rats through a mesenteric vein, remarkable reductions in bile flow and bile acid excretion are observed. Using this experimentally-induced intrahepatic cholestasis model, the choleretic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were studied. When UDCA was injected with the cholestatic factor, the reductions in bile flow and bile acid excretion were significantly suppressed. Remarkable choleretic effects were also noted, when UDCA was administered to normal rats. These results suggested that UDCA may be effective in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estradiol receptors in the cytosol of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis virus carriers.

Sex hormones are known to affect the immune system. Asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are thought to be immunologically tolerant to HBV, but in some HBV carriers, the immune response to HBV is induced, especially in females during their sexually-mature periods. This may be caused by the effects of estrogen on the immune system. In this study, we found that the level of estradiol receptors in the cytosol of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in asymptomatic HBV carriers and patients with chronic hepatitis (B type and non A non B type) compared to healthy controls. This suggests that one cause of the deficiency in virus elimination in hepatitis virus carriers may be the unresponsiveness of the immune system to sex hormones, as a result of the low level of cytosol estradiol receptors.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1989

[Malignant melanoma of male urethra: a case report].

A case of male urethral melanoma is reported. A 85-year-old male with a 2-month history of progressive, severe obstructive urinary symptoms and bloody urethral discharge was referred to us after an unsuccessful management at a local doctor. Physical examination revealed an ill looking old man with no evidence of nevi or other cutaneous pigmentation looking like malignant melanoma. Neither palpable periurethral mass nor inguinal lymphadenopathy was noted. RUG showed an irregular shadow defect in bulbous urethral regions. In cystourethroscopy, a raised nodular reddish black lesion in the urethra without adjacent satellite lesions was found. Histologic examination revealed that the tumor was made up of closely spaced, anaplastic, spheroidal or polyhedal cells. Intracellular brown pigment was richly present, gave a negative reaction for iron, but stained black with Masson-Fontana's method. Further examination for evaluating metastases including bone scintigraphy, computer tomographic scan, chest X-ray film were negative. Due to his poor risk, radical operation such as cystourethrectomy might be undesirable. We performed TUR to relieve urethral obstruction, because the patient refused cystostomy. He died of wide spread metastases at 6 months after the operation. This case seems to be the second report in the Japanese literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Serotonin and tryptamine metabolism in the acute hepatic failure model: changes in tryptophan and its metabolites in the liver, brain and kidney.

When heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes, a gram-positive anaerobe, is intravenously injected into mice followed by an intravenous injection of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 7 days later, most of the mice die of massive hepatic cell necrosis within 24 hours of LPS injection. Using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced in mice, and the tryptophan metabolism in the liver, brain and kidney was studied. As a result, the tryptophan level was remarkably high in all three organs, and the metabolism of both the tryptamine pathway and serotonin pathway was induced. However, in the brain, the tryptamine metabolism was more induced compared to the serotonin, suggesting that the metabolites of tryptamine, may be involved in hepatic encephalopathy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Total repair of complete atrioventricular canal: relationship between age at operation and late results].

Twenty five consecutive patients with complete atrioventricular canal (CAVC) underwent one-stage operation from April 1981 to Aug. 1987. Average ages at operation was 18 months (2 to 72) and average weight was 7.0 kg (2.8 to 13.8). Fifteen patients were infants and fifteen had Down syndrome. Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass with pulsatile bypass pump (PBP) and moderate hypothermia at 28 degrees C was utilized in all patients. Single patch technique (SPT) was adopted for initial five patients and two patch technique for the latter twenties. Two patients died perioperatively (operative mortality 8.0%), one of whom from mitral stenosis after SPT and the other from misdiagnosis of large subpulmonary VSD. There was no hospital death. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPA), pulmonary systolic pressure to systemic systolic pressure ratio (Pp/Ps) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) were decreased remarkably from preoperative values of 56 +/- 14 mmHg, 0.92 +/- 0.13 and 6.2 +/- 4.9 WU.m2 to postoperative of 31 +/- 16 mmHg (p less than 0.001), 0.54 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.001) and 4.6 +/- 4.0 WU.m2 (NS), respectively. Six patients had residual pulmonary hypertension in which mPA was more than 40 mmHg. One patient who was complicated with severe mitral regurgitation due to dehiscence of suture line and torn chordae had mitral valve replacement. Mean follow-up period was 26 months (5 to 63). The mean weights of 67%N at operation catched up with 87%N 3 years after operation. There were two late deaths, 4 and 20 months after operation between age at operation, both of whom had residual pulmonary hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Systemic origin of the sole artery to the basal segments of the left lung without pulmonary sequestration].

A sixty-one year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the left upper lobe had an aberrant systemic artery to the left basal segments without pulmonary sequestration. Physical examination revealed neither cardiac murmur nor any sign of heart failure, which was at variance with reported cases in the literature. Chest X-ray film showed no abnormal density suggesting sequestrated lung. Bronchogram disclosed obstruction of the left upper lobar bronchus by the tumor and normal segmental bronchi of the lower lobe. Left pulmonary angiogram showed normal arterial distribution of the left upper lobe and the superior segment of the lower lobe, but the basal segmental arteries were not visualized. The aberrant pulmonary artery arising from the descending aorta was visualized by computed tomography. Following dissection of the abnormal vessel pneumonectomy was performed. Pathological examination of the left basal segments revealed prominent atheromatous changes in the aberrant systemic intrapulmonary artery and irreversible obstructive lesions in its tributaries. These arterial lesions in this patient would have precluded plastic operations such as transfer of the origin of the aberrant vessel to the left pulmonary artery even if other circumstances had been favorable for preservation of the left lower lobe.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in production of platelet activating factor by adherent hepatocytes of mice with experimental liver failure].

It is thought that the platelet activating factor (PAF) enhances the immune response and inflammatory reaction. We studied the production of PAF from liver adherent cells. As a result, liver adherent cells produced PAF, when they were stimulated with calcium ionophore. In addition, when mice were treated with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes and the mononuclear cells were infiltrated into the liver, a significantly larger amount of PAF was produced compared to normal mice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of glycyrrhizin on the production of platelet-activating factor from rat peritoneal exudate cells].

We examined the effect of glycyrrhizin (GL) on the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF) from rat peritoneal exudate cells. GL was shown to significantly suppress the production of PAF from the rat peritoneal exudate cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187. This result suggests that GL have an anti-inflammatory or allergic action by the suppression of PAF production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries, with special reference to left ventricular function.

Between June 1984 and September 1987, 48 patients underwent Lecompte's modification of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries, including transposition with intact ventricular septum with preparatory pulmonary artery banding (n = 18), with patent ductus arteriosus (n = 11), with dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (n = 4), and transposition with ventricular septal defect (n = 15). Ages ranged from 12 days to 36 months (mean 8 months) and weights ranged from 2.7 to 12.8 kg (mean 5.7 kg). Two deaths occurred, yielding an operative mortality rate of 4.2%. Preparatory pulmonary artery banding resulted in an increase to 65 +/- 5 mm Hg in the left ventricular afterload. Linear regression of the optimum circumference of the band (Y, millimeters) against left ventricular end-diastolic volume (X, milliliters) yielded the following formula: Y = 0.23X + 19.7 (r = 0.885, p less than 0.001). Influence of left ventricular mass on cardiac function after anatomic correction was evaluated. The total amount of dopamine used after repair in patients in whom the left ventricular mass was less than 60% of normal was significantly larger than that in patients with a left ventricular mass greater than or equal to 60% of normal (p less than 0.002). The left ventricular end-diastolic volume in patients with a left ventricular mass less than 60% of normal increased significantly 2 months after operation (p less than 0.05), whereas it decreased in patients with a left ventricular mass greater than 60% of normal (p less than 0.01). We believe it is safe to perform this procedure in patients in whom the left ventricular mass is larger than 60% of normal. Most newborn infants with simple transposition can undergo correction between 10 and 20 days of life if the ductus arteriosus is kept patent with prostaglandin E1 and the left ventricle is thereby loaded. Preparatory pulmonary artery banding, when necessary, will be satisfactory if the left ventricular pressure is greater than 65 mm Hg and/or the left ventricular/right ventricular pressure ratio is greater than 0.8.

Aorta↗
PubMed1989

[Anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries].

The present status of the surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries was described by showing the analysis of our results of an arterial switch operation in addition to the review of the literatures. The arterial switch operation recently has become the operation of first choice because of its low surgical mortality (author 4.5%) and low incidence of postoperative complication. One-stage anatomic correction has been performed with low mortality less than 10% in centers dealing high volumes of neonatal surgery (author: 7%). One-stage correction is preferable and it can be accomplished with the cooperative treatment plan of surgeon and pediatrician, starting immediately after birth.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical examinations of thymic abnormalities and significance of thymectomy in the patients with autoimmune disease].

Results and significance of thymectomy in 427 patients with autoimmune disease, which include myasthenia gravis, ulcerative colitis. Behçet's syndrome and others, were studied. Preoperative pneumomediastinography was useful to delineate the outline of the nontumorous thymus and small "latent thymoma". The thymus was almost always successfully removed by our procedure "thymectomy via the suprasternal notch" (Method I), but the procedure combined with dissection through a parasternal incision (Method II) was frequently performed. Method II has been routinely adopted since 1976. Thymectomy was performed on a series of 180 patients with myasthenia gravis associated with nontumorous thymic abnormalities. In the resected thymuses, lymphoid follicle formations, which are often encountered in other autoimmune diseases, were found in 74% of cases. Follow-up observation, ranging 2 to 17 years after surgery, revealed complete recovery and significant improvement in 100 (75%) out of 133 patients with nontumorous thymic abnormalities. Thymectomy was also performed in 44 myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma, including 13 small "latent thymoma". Seventy-seven thymectomized patients with ulcerative colitis were also studied, and in these resected thymuses lymphoid follicle formations were fond in 45%. Follow-up observation revealed 84% inactive condition (counted by patient year) after thymectomy compared with 50% before operation. In the patients with Behçet's syndrome, recurrence and progression of skin, oral and genital lesions were markedly suppressed after thymectomy.

Adolescent↗