Freeze-drying of yeasts.
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Biotechnology↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Miyamoto
Publications and source records attributed to Y Miyamoto.
Ventilatory responses during incremental exercise in men under hyperoxic conditions.
The aim of the present study was to explore the role of the carotid chemoreceptors in the regulation of breathing during incremental ramp exercise. We measured minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), end-tidal PO2 and PCO2 (PETO2 and PETCO2), and heart rate (HR) during incremental exercise in healthy young men breathing air and 50% O2. During incremental exercise (15 W/min, from 0 to 300 W) VCO2 in hyperoxia did not differ from the normoxic response, but VE in hyperoxia increased more linearly with an increasing load in comparison to the curvilinear rise of normoxic VE. The isocapnic buffering of PETCO2 observed in normoxia at the transition from moderate to heavy work did not appear in hyperoxia until a very heavy work load had been attained. This agrees with the observation that normoxic VE/VCO2 that was consistently falling with load and became flat near the isocapnic point and then turned upward with a further increase in work load, while VE/VCO2 in hyperoxia decreased continuously during heavy exercise. These results would suggest the delayed onset of anaerobic metabolism and the depression of VE under hyperoxic conditions. However, we found that VE and HR increased from a specific work rate with a steeper slope during incremental exercise under both normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. There was a significant correlation between the work rates at which the inflection points of the VE and HR slopes were observed. These findings suggest that factors unrelated to peripheral chemoreceptor activity and affecting both the ventilatory and circulatory systems may be responsible for hyperpnea during heavy exercise.
Adult↗
Serial changes in the prevalence of islet cell antibodies and islet cell antibody titer in children with IDDM of abrupt or slow onset.
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the significance of clinical and immunogenic heterogeneity in Japanese children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Serial changes in the prevalence of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) and in ICA titer were monitored for 10 years after diagnosis in 34 IDDM children, 17 with abrupt onset and 17 with slow onset, whose durations of disease were > 5 years. RESULTS: In slow-onset IDDM children, enough beta-cell function was maintained in the early phase of the disease within 2 years after diagnosis. There was a high prevalence of ICAs in children with both forms of IDDM at the time of diagnosis (abrupt onset 94%; slow onset 82%). However, the decline in the frequency of ICAs in slow-onset IDDM seemed less marked than in abrupt-onset IDDM after a duration of > or = 1 year (47 vs. 82%, 1-3 years; 24 vs. 47%, 3-5 years; 24 vs. 47%, 5-7 years; 18 vs. 53%, 7-10 years, P < 0.05). In terms of changes in ICA titer, abrupt-onset IDDM children initially had high ICA levels of 160-320 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units (JDF U), but these titers decreased rapidly after the 1st year. On the other hand, slow-onset IDDM children tended to continue to be ICA+ for a relatively long period with low titers of 20-40 JDF U. Among 12 children who remained ICA+ for > 5 years, slow onset was noted in 67% while abrupt onset was seen in only 33%. CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we speculated that changes in ICA titer reflect the slow autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. It may be probable that immunogenic factors as well as environmental factors could affect the clinical features in the early phase of IDDM in children.
Age of Onset↗
[HCV gene transfected animal using receptor mediated gene delivery].
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Animals↗
[Postoperative interstitial pneumonia in primary lung cancer patients--its causes and management].
Eight patients who developed interstitial pneumonia after surgery for primary lung cancer were reviewed to investigate its causes and the key points in treatment. These patients accounted for 1.8% of 633 operated lung cancer patients at our institution over the last 9 years. Risk factors such as bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and extensive mediastinal involvement were present in all of them. Pneumonia developed on the nonoperated side in all patients between the 2nd and 45th postoperative day (mean: 18 days). In most of the patients, faint reticular shadows initially appeared in the lower lobe of the nonoperated lung, rapidly spread to the upper lobe, and finally affected the whole lung. Among these eight patients, the initial five patients died because steroids were only administered after the pneumonia had become widespread, whereas the last three patients received early steroid therapy and were saved. The findings that 1) this pneumonia originated from the lower lobe of the nonoperated lung where blood flow is highest postoperatively, 2) the eosinophil count increased just before the onset of pneumonia, and 3) early steroid therapy and immunosuppressive therapy were effective suggest that an allergic or autoimmune mechanism may play some role in its development. When characteristic reticular shadows appear in the lower lobe on the nonoperated side in a lung cancer patient, even if not associated with any symptoms, an early diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia and initiation of steroid therapy is mandatory to ensure survival.
Aged↗
An autopsy case of B-cell lymphoma associated with macroglobulinemia (IgM-k).
While he was treated for macroglobulinemia showing symptoms, a 65-year-old man developed an enlargement of the left lateral cervical lymph node. Biopsy specimens of the cervical lymph node revealed large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The lymphoma cells had rearrangement in the immunoglobulin heavy chain and kappa light chain genes. There was osteolysis involving right metatarsal bones. And, a tumor appeared on the upper hard palate in the terminal stage. Autopsy specimens showed infiltration of lymphoma cells into multiple organs. Production of monoclonal immunoglobulin M was detected only slightly and focally in the tumors. Plasmacytic differentiation as in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia was not seen in any organs except the tumor on the upper hard palate. From these findings, it is speculated that B-cell lymphoma might have developed in the course of macroglobulinemia.
Aged↗
In vivo transfection of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA into rodent liver by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery.
An in vivo model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is needed to enable investigation of the mechanism of the liver injury that it causes. In this study, we used asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery to obtain expression of the complementary DNA (cDNA) coding the core and part of the envelope 1 protein of HCV because selective delivery to the hepatocytes has been reported to be attained with this method. The optimum carrier-DNA ratio was examined using in vitro transfection and found to be important for the efficiency of this method. In transfection in vivo, microautoradiographical examination showed that the transfected plasmids were delivered selectively to the liver parenchymal cells. To obtain an immunohistochemically detectable level of protein expression in rodent liver, some modifications for increasing the in vivo transfection efficiency were performed; a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, chloroquine, was used and the administration route of the carrier-DNA complex was changed from the tail vein to the portal vein. On the bases of these results, in vivo transfection with expression vector of HCV core/E1 region was performed. In rat liver transfected by intraportal injection with chloroquine, the transcript RNA and the core protein were detected. These results indicated that the HCV core/E1 expression vector was not merely delivered but also successfully expressed in the liver using asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery. The number of the HCV core expressing cells in the transfected liver was similar to that in patients with hepatitis C. These in vivo transfected animals should be useful for investigating the role of this region in the liver injury caused by HCV.
Animals↗
Expression of the hepatitis C virus genome in rat liver after cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer.
The lack of a small animal model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impeded elucidation of the pathogenesis of HCV. The aim of this study was to develop an HCV-expressing animal model by means of cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer. To examine the feasibility of this strategy, pActLacZ, an expression vector composed of the LacZ gene driven by the beta-actin promoter, complexed with lipofectin, was injected retrogradely into the common bile ducts of adult rats. X-Gal histochemical staining clearly showed that the LacZ gene was expressed in hepatocytes, but not in biliary epithelial cells. Maximal expression was observed at a DNA to lipofectin ratio of 1:4. Based on this observation, pAGS3M091, an expression vector containing the full length of HCV complementary DNA (cDNA) preceded by the beta-actin promoter, was evaluated. Two days after in vivo intrabiliary administration of pAGS3M091 complexed with lipofectin, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse-transcribed liver RNA demonstrated the 5' and 3' portions of HCV transcripts derived from pAGS3M091. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the HCV core protein in a small number of hepatocytes scattered in the hepatic lobules. We conclude that the full-length HCV genome was successfully expressed in adult rat liver by means of cationic liposome-mediated in vivo gene transfer. This model will be useful for determining the immunopathological role of HCV in vivo.
Animals↗
[Esophageal perforation by alkalis--a case report with conservative therapy].
In May 1993, a 59-year-old woman attempting suicide with toilet detergent (1% sodium hydroxide) was hospitalized as an emergency case. She developed sudden high fever (38-39 degrees C) on the 26th admission day. Thereafter diagnosis of left pyothorax due to perforation on caustic esophageal ulcer was made. Subsequent to thoracentesis continuous dranage of the left thoracic cavity ceased the fever after three days. Oral intake began on the 28th and extubation of the dranage was done on the 42nd after admission. Following hospital course of the patient was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 111th day after admission. Esophagofluoroscopy taken at 6 months after discharge revealed no esophageal stenosis, and the patient returned to full social activities in good health.
Drainage↗
Cis elements for transcriptional regulation of the human endothelin-A receptor gene.
To elucidate the transcriptional regulation of the endothelin-A receptor (ET-AR) gene, we defined the cis elements in the 5'-flanking region by functional analysis. Chimeric gene constructs were prepared using serial deletion mutants of a 5-kilobase (kb) fragment of the human ET-AR 5'-flanking region and the luciferase gene and were transfected into a rat vascular smooth-muscle cell line, A7r5. Deletion of the region between -2.0 kb and -857 bases caused a twofold increase in luciferase activity, and deletion from -137 bases to -53 bases reduced the activity by 50%. These results indicate the existence of a negative regulatory element and a positive regulatory element, respectively. The gel shift assay revealed the existence of nuclear proteins in A7r5 cells that bind to the region containing the positive regulatory element. Thus, we identified cis regulatory elements and nuclear factors that regulate the expression of the ET-AR gene.
Animals↗
Multiple transcripts of human endothelin-A receptor gene detected by reverse transcription and the polymerase chain reaction.
To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of gene expression of the human endothelin-A receptor (hET-AR), we characterized the hET-AR transcripts using reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in a variety of human tissues. The RT-PCR using a set of primers in exons 2 and 5 showed two lower-molecular-weight transcripts in addition to the expected fragment. PCR cloning of these two novel transcripts revealed that these transcripts contain a 199-base pair (bp) and a 327-bp deletion compared with the previously described hET-AR cDNA, respectively. Comparison of their sequences with that of the hET-AR gene showed that the lacking sequences exactly correspond to exon 4 and exons 3 and 4, respectively, suggesting that these lower-molecular-weight ET-AR transcripts may result from alternative RNA splicing. Therefore, we isolated the cDNAs of novel transcripts of hET-AR that might be generated by alternative RNA splicing. These results suggest that the alternative RNA splicing might contribute to the regulation of ET-AR gene expression.
Base Sequence↗
Electronic properties of tubule forms of hexagonal BC3.
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Journal Article↗
[Ultrasonography in primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid].
We analyzed retrospectively the sonographic appearance of eight cases of primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. Sonography showed hypoechoic masses replacing thyroid parenchyma with posterior acoustic enhancement. A hypoechoic and/or nearly anechoic confluent nodular appearance characterized malignant lymphoma of the thyroid.
Adult↗
Chiral tubules of hexagonal BC2N.
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Journal Article↗
Cloning and expression of a complementary DNA encoding the bovine receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP).
A cDNA encoding a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor was cloned from a bovine brain cDNA library using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the PACAP receptor purified from the bovine brain. The cloned cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 513 amino acid residues with seven putative transmembrane domains. The deduced amino acid sequence exactly matched the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified PACAP receptor. It also shared an apparent similarity with the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin, growth hormone releasing hormone, calcitonin, and glucagon receptors, suggesting that the PACAP receptor is a member of the secretin receptor subfamily of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein-coupled receptor family. Northern blot analysis showed that the size of the major mRNA band which hybridized with the cDNA was about 7 kb in the bovine cerebral-cortex and hippocampus. An expression vector containing the cloned cDNA for the PACAP receptor was introduced into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The affinity of PACAP receptors expressed on the transfected CHO cells was quite similar to that of natural PACAP receptors on the bovine brain membranes. Competitive binding experiments showed that PACAP38 displaced the binding of 125I-labeled PACAP27 to the receptors on the CHO cells more efficiently than PACAP27, while VIP was less effective. In addition, both of PACAP27 and PACAP38 elevated the levels of cAMP and inositol phosphates in the transformed CHO cells. These results indicate that the PACAP receptors encoded by the cloned cDNA are identical to the purified PACAP receptors, and that they can stimulate dual signaling cascades.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The inhibitory input from the substantia nigra to the mediodorsal nucleus neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex in the cat.
The effects of stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) on the neurons of the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PF) were studied in cats. The MD neurons projecting to the ventral part of the PF tended to be located in the ventral part of the MD, while those projecting to the dorsal part of the PF in the dorsal part. Spontaneous discharges of 30/57 tested MD neurons were suppressed by SNr stimulation at a latency ranging from 2 to 15 ms. The latency of the suppression corresponded well to that of antidromic responses of SNr neurons elicited by MD stimulation (from 1.4 to 14.0 ms). Intracellular recordings in a few MD neurons showed IPSP by SNr stimulation. The SNr is considered to exert an inhibitory effect on the MD neurons projecting to the PF.
Animals↗
[The usefulness of 201TlCl scintigraphy for the diagnosis of breast tumor].
The usefulness of 201TlCl SPECT (Tl SPECT) for the diagnosis of breast cancer was evaluated in 14 patients with various breast tumors (9 with invasive ductal carcinoma, 2 with fibroadenoma and 3 with benign process). These tumors ranged in size from 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm to 15.0 cm x 14.0 cm. Tl SPECT was carried out 2 hours after the intravenous injection of 201TlCl (185 MBq). For quantitative study, ROIs were set in the tumor (T), normal tissue of the opposite breast (B) and myocardium (M). Count ratios of T/B and T/M were calculated. Eight patients with breast cancer and a case of fibroadenoma showed intense accumulation of 201TlCl in the tumors. The T/B ratio was 1.20 +/- 0.68 and the T/M ratio was 0.68 +/- 0.31 in the 9 cases. Lymph node metastasis was detected in 2 of 6 cases that were confirmed at operation. No remarkable accumulation of 201TlCl was seen in 4 patients with benign process. One patient with benign tumor showed a false positive result. The rates of accuracy of mammography and ultrasonography for the same subjects were 82% and 84%, respectively. The results suggest that 201TlCl SPECT might be useful to assess breast cancer in cases in which the findings of other modalities are equivocal.
Adult↗
Assessment of urinary beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin as a new tumor marker of lung cancer.
BACKGROUND: Some patients with lung cancer have been found to have elevated levels of serum immunoreactive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/hCG beta (IR-beta), but it is uncertain whether it would be valuable as a tumor marker. Recently, IR-beta has been demonstrated to consist of at least three different molecules, intact hCG, free hCG beta, and hCG beta-core fragment (beta-CF), in body fluids. In this study, the authors qualitatively analyzed IR-beta in the serum and urine of patients with lung cancer and assessed its clinical usefulness as a tumor marker. METHODS: Highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassays were established to measure intact hCG, free hCG beta, and beta-CF in the serum and urine of patients with lung cancer. RESULTS: Of 99 patients with lung cancer, almost half of the patients achieved positive values of IR-beta in the urine, although only 12 had elevated values of IR-beta in the serum. The greater part of the elevated urinary IR-beta was identified to be beta-CF by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100 (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Tokyo, Japan), leading the authors to assess its usefulness as a tumor marker for lung cancer. Based on the cutoff value (0.2 ng/mg of creatinine) from healthy subjects, the overall positive rate of urinary beta-CF for lung cancer was 48.5% (48 of 99 patients). The incidence of the marker increased with stage of disease, from 35.7% (15 of 42) in Stage I and 35.7% (5 of 14) in Stage II to 62.5% (20 of 32) in Stage III and 72.7% (8 of 11) in Stage IV. These positive rates exceeded or equaled those of the serum tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)-related antigen, measured simultaneously in the same patients. The author were encouraged that there was no significant difference in the positive rates of urinary beta-CF between two major types of lung cancer: adenocarcinoma (49.2%) and SCC (45.2%). Immunohistochemical study revealed positive staining of IR-beta in the cancer tissues from 5 of 12 patients with elevated levels of IR-beta, in which most of the positive cases had the elevated levels of serum free hCG beta (> 0.5 ng/ml) and/or urinary beta-CF (> 1.0 ng/mg of creatinine). CONCLUSIONS: Ectopic production of IR-beta by lung cancer is not rare, and urinary beta-CF might be a potential tumor marker of lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗