Structure and function of renin binding protein.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Miyake
Publications and source records attributed to Y Miyake.
Effect of combination of oxacillin and non-beta-lactam antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The in-vitro activity of oxacillin combined with non-beta-lactam antibiotics, bacitracin, vancomycin, enduracidin, tunicamycin, flavomycin, fosfomycin, and cycloserine, was investigated in 23 methicillin-resistant and 15 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. In the presence of a non-beta-lactam antibiotic (0.25 MIC), the MICs of oxacillin for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were lowered. This effect was most marked with MRSA strains, and bacitracin, flavomycin, and tunicamycin increased the susceptibility of MRSA to oxacillin by greater than 200-fold. More than 87% and 77% of MRSA and MSSA strains, respectively, were synergically inhibited by a combination of oxacillin with bacitracin, tunicamycin, flavomycin or cycloserine (fractional inhibitory concentration < or = 0.5). Polyanetholesulfonic acid prevented the lysis of MRSA cells treated with a combination of oxacillin and 0.25 MIC of bacitracin, but did not prevent cell death. The penicillin binding protein (PBP) profile of MRSA was not affected by incubation with 0.25 MIC of non-beta-lactam antibiotics. These results suggest that the increased antibacterial activity of oxacillin in the presence of non-beta-lactam antibiotic is not the consequence of activation of autolysis or of a decrease in bulk PBP synthesis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
The effect of Triton X-100 on the in-vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin.
The effect of the non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100, on the in-vitro activity of oxacillin against methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. In the presence of Triton X-100, the MICs of oxacillin for both MRSA and MSSA isolates were reduced; this enhancing effect was particularly marked for the MRSA strains. Triton X-100 therefore counteracted the resistance to methicillin encoded by mecA. In the presence of oxacillin at subinhibitory concentrations, Triton X-100 induced the bacteriolysis of MRSA and potentiated the autolysis of these organisms. However, the detergent had no effect on the bacteriolytic enzyme profile or the susceptibility of the bacterial cell wall to bacteriolytic enzymes, nor did it promote the binding of oxacillin to the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2A. On the other hand, it stimulated the release from the bacteria of acylated lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a putative endogenous regulator of autolysins. Autolytic enzyme-deficient MRSA mutants were equally as sensitive as the parent strain to the effect of Triton X-100 on susceptibility to oxacillin. These results indicate that the enhanced in-vitro activity of oxacillin against MRSA in the presence of Triton X-100 cannot be accounted for simply by the induction of bacteriolysis following activation of autolytic enzymes by the detergent-stimulated release of LTA.
Autolysis↗
Early retinal involvement in mitochondrial myopathy with mitochondrial DNA deletion.
BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions have been reported in types of mitochondrial myopathy, including Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). We examined mtDNA, skeletal muscle findings, and retinal electrophysiologic function in a patient believed to have incomplete KSS with ptosis and characteristic (so called salt and pepper) retinopathy, but without limitation of ocular motility and without other involvement of the central or peripheral nervous system. METHODS: Muscle biopsy specimens were examined by Gomori trichrome stain and electron microscopy. DNA extracted from muscle was examined by Southern blot analysis. Deleted mtDNA was sequenced by direct sequencing with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Electroretinograms (ERG) and electrooculograms (EOG) were performed for electrophysiologic examination of the retina. RESULTS: There were no ragged red fibers in skeletal muscle specimens, although abnormal aggregation of mitochondria was observed on electron microscopic examination. An mtDNA deletion was detected. It spanned 5266-bp between the tRNASer gene and the ND5 gene. Electroretinographic and electrooculographic findings were normal, although extensive involvement of retinal pigment epithelium was observed on ophthalmoscopic examination. CONCLUSION: Detecting mtDNA deletion is more critical in diagnosing an incomplete phenotype of mitochondrial myopathy than is morphologic examination. We found that ophthalmoscopic fundus abnormalities preceded abnormalities on ERG and EOG.
Base Sequence↗
Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus mutants which form altered cell clusters.
Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P produces two extracellular bacteriolytic enzymes, 51-kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GL) and 62-kDa N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (AM), both of which can disperse cell clusters. To characterize the physiological roles of these enzymes in vivo, mutants with altered autolysin activity were isolated, and their degree of cluster formation in broth culture was assessed. Bacteriolytic activities of GL and AM, produced and secreted from these mutants into the culture fluid and detected with activity gels, coincided well with the degree of cluster formation of the mutants. The mutants with little or no enzyme activity grew in clusters, whereas those with high activity grew as well-separated cocci, suggesting that these enzymes are involved in cell separation of S. aureus in vivo.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Fundus albipunctatus-like lesions in juvenile retinoschisis.
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Adolescent↗
Relationship between intracellular period modulation and external environment change in Physarum plasmodium.
The relationship between intracellular period modulation and external environment change was investigated from the viewpoint of internal information coding in Physarum plasmodium. For the external conditions, concentration changes of attractant (galactose) and repellent (KCl) were used, and the internal responses were measured as the thickness oscillation of the plasmodium. (i) Period of the intracellular oscillation decreased when the concentration of attractant was increased and when the concentration of repellent was decreased. (ii) The period increased when the attractant was decreased and when the repellent was increased. (iii) The larger concentration change induced the larger period modulation. (iv) These responses were observed when the change of concentration was greater than a threshold value. From these results, it was clarified that the relative change in environmental condition is encoded on the relative period modulation in intracellular oscillation. This means that the period change does not directly represent the environment itself but represents the change of its condition. Thus, it is further suggested that the plasmodium estimates the environmental condition based on the relationship between the previous external condition and the present one.
Animals↗
[Analysis of electrically evoked response in relation to the central pathway of the cat (3). Current source density analysis in area 17 of cats].
We analyzed current source density and multiple unit activity of area 17 of cats in response to transcorneal electrical stimuli to clarify the localization of the transmembrane current flows contributing to the generation of the electrically evoked response. The results of the current source density analysis were as follows. 1. Current sinks within 20 ms were observed in layers 4 and 6. 2. Current sinks corresponding to N3 (latency 35 ms) were detected in layers 4 and lower 3 and current sources were in the supragranular layers. 3. Current sinks with a latency of more than 40 ms were observed in the supragranular layers. Simultaneous multiple unit activity was present in cases 1 and 2. With increased stimulus frequency or double electrical stimuli, the current sinks corresponding to N3 were decreased. These findings indicate that N1 (latency 9 ms) and N2 (latency 20 ms) reflect near-field potentials generated by geniculocortical afferents in layers 4 and 6, and that N3 is a post-and polysynaptic component. In addition, it appears that dipoles consisting of cell bodies and apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in layer 3 generated by satellite cell in layer 4, play a major role in generating N3.
Animals↗
[The focal macular electroretinogram in idiopathic macular hole].
Focal macular electroretinograms (MERGs) were recorded with three different sizes of stimulus spots, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees in diameter, in 14 patients with unilateral idiopathic macular hole. Their fellow eyes were normal in terms of visual acuity (> 1.0), MERG, and ophthalmoscopic macular findings. The amplitudes and implicit times of the a-wave, b-wave, and oscillatory potentials (OP) were compared between affected and fellow eyes. The amplitudes of the a-wave, b-wave and OP in the affected eyes were significantly smaller (p < 0.01) in all spot sizes. The rate of amplitude reduction of OP was significantly smaller than that of the a-wave and b-wave in the spots of 10 degrees and 15 degrees (p < 0.05). With the stimulus sizes to evoke the a-waves and b-waves of similar amplitudes between the affected and fellow eyes, OP always had a much larger amplitude in the affected eye. This result confirms our previous finding that the distribution of OP is relatively sparse in the fovea, becoming more dense than the a-waves and b-waves away from the fovea toward the parafovea and perifovea. The implicit time of the b-wave in the affected eyes was delayed significantly only in the 5 degrees spot (p < 0.01). The delay of the implicit time may result from the ring-shaped retinal detachment which always occurs in idiopathic macular hole.
Electroretinography↗
Scotopic threshold response in complete and incomplete types of congenital stationary night blindness.
PURPOSE: To study the function of the rod visual pathway in the complete and incomplete types of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), with special reference to the scotopic threshold response (STR) of electroretinograms (ERGs) METHODS: Using full-field stimuli with light intensities ranging from near absolute threshold to bright, ERG intensity series from two patients with complete CSNB, four patients with incomplete CSNB, and four normal subjects were recorded. RESULTS: Neither the rod b-wave nor the STR was recordable from the patients with complete CSNB. In the patients with incomplete CSNB, the STR was clearly recorded, although the absolute threshold was elevated in accordance with elevation of the psychophysical absolute threshold. The b-wave stimulus threshold was not elevated, and the b-wave amplitude near the threshold was normal. The peak time of the STR was delayed by approximately 80 msec, whereas that of the b-wave was normal. CONCLUSIONS: These STR results indicate that the rod system abnormality in complete CSNB differs from that in incomplete CSNB. Furthermore, the greatly delayed peak time of STR in the patients with incomplete CSNB made the interaction between b-wave and STR different from that in normal subjects.
Adolescent↗
[Corneal autofluorescence in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion].
Basic studies have suggested that corneal autofluorescence, originating from flavoprotein and pyridine nucleotides, is caused by metabolically impaired corneal mitochondrial respiration. In this study, we used corneal autofluorescence as a parameter for evaluating the pathology at the corneal cell level in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion. Unilateral branch retinal vein occlusion cases with durations of 2 months to 7 years since the onset and age-matched normal eyes were used for the study. The corneal autofluorescence was measured with a Fluorotron Master, with a special device attached to measure the anterior segment at the corneal peak. The autofluorescence was 15.6 +/- 5.8 (n = 68), 13.8 +/- 4.0 (n = 68), 14.2 +/- 3.7 (n = 14), and 14.0 +/- 3.6 (n = 14) (ng Eq/ml, mean +/- SD), respectively, in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion, their fellow eyes, normal controls, and their fellow eyes. The affected eyes showed statistically significantly higher autofluorescence than the fellow eyes; there was no essential difference among the fellow eyes of those with branch retinal occlusion, normal controls, and their fellow eyes. The eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion, which is a focal retinal lesion, commonly exhibit corneal cellular pathologies.
Aged↗
[The actual states and aspects of psychiatric emergency services in Tokyo, Chiba, and Kanagawa areas].
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Adult↗
[EC-IC bypass surgery using saphenous vein graft: technical improvement in our experience].
We managed ten cases of EC-IC bypass using a vein graft; six cases with multiple cerebral arterial occlusion and four cases with aneurysm necessitating therapeutic occlusion of the parent artery (Table). Patency of the graft was confirmed in seven cases on long-term follow-up ranging from 7 months to 5 years. Of the ten cases, two died within 7 days after surgery from causes unrelated to the bypass and one was lost in follow-up surgery. Hemorrhagic infarction was observed in two cases, one of which underwent removal of the hematoma. In five cases with cerebral occlusive disease, there were no additional ischemic events and two cases with giant aneurysms showed improvement of visual acuity and extraocular movement. We improved on several surgical techniques for vein graft. We used small hemoclips to occlude branches of the saphenous vein instead of ligating them, which shortens the harvesting time of the saphenous vein. Vessel cannula with a small-sized elegant tip and one-directional valve (DLP, INC., USA) was also used to inflate or deflate vein grafts with saline. It was easily attached to the graft and minimized air entrapment in the lumen. Small clips for microvascular anastomosis (Mizuho INC., Japan) were used to temporarily occlude branches or perforators from the recipient artery. One of the branches of the graft was dissected long enough, through which intraluminal air or thrombus was washed out at the final stage of the surgery. These procedures are useful for shortening occlusion time of the recipient artery and decreasing the risk of embolism.
Adult↗
Classification of aphakic cystoid macular edema with focal macular electroretinograms.
We compared the amplitude and implicit times of the a-waves, b-waves, and oscillatory potentials of the focal macular electroretinograms of 30 eyes with aphakic cystoid macular edema and the healthy fellow eyes. Ten affected eyes were characterized by reduced amplitudes of the oscillatory potentials with normal a-wave and b-wave responses (type 1). Nine affected eyes had both reduced amplitudes of the oscillatory potentials and the b-waves (type 2). Ten affected eyes were characterized by reduced amplitude of the oscillatory potentials, the a-waves, and the b-waves (type 3). One eye could not be classified. Visual acuities were as follows: type 1, 0.55 (20/36.4); type 2, 0.31 (20/64.5); and type 3, 0.12 (20/166.7). The mean time between cataract surgery and the electroretinographic testing was significantly longer for type 2 and 3 eyes than for type 1 eyes. The differences in the electroretinographic responses between the affected eye and the normal fellow eye suggested either an increased severity or the stage of the cystoid macular edema.
Aged↗
[Double-chambered right ventricle without other heart anomaly in the aged].
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Cardiac Catheterization↗
Hyperbaric oxygen and acetazolamide improve visual acuity in patients with cystoid macular edema by different mechanisms.
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Acetazolamide↗
Congenital muscular torticollis: long-term follow-up of thirty-eight partial resections of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Thirty-eight patients with muscular torticollis were treated by a partial resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle between 1970 and 1981. Clinical evaluations were performed on 35 of these patients who were followed up for 10 years (average of 11.3 years). Of 31 patients under 5 years of age at operation, good results according to Canale's criteria were obtained in 28 (90%). In four patients aged 6 years or more at operation, three showed good results. Postoperatively, massive cotton bandaging was applied with the neck in the neutral position for 3 weeks. A plaster cast, brace, or physiotherapy involving active motion training was not necessary.
Adolescent↗
Psychotic symptoms in depression and borderline personality disorder.
The authors investigated the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in depression and borderline personality disorder employing the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines. Clear-cut delusions and hallucinations were rare among the borderlines. However, derealization and depersonalization symptoms were common and were found to be prevalent as among depressives. The prevalence of these symptoms among patients with both borderline personality disorder and depression was similar to that among patients with only borderline personality disorder or depression. The relationship between depression and borderline personality disorder and the significance of psychotic symptoms in these disorders is discussed.
Adolescent↗