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Biomedical subjects

Y Mine

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mine.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunoactive peptides, FK-156 and FK-565. III. Enhancement of host defense mechanisms against infection.

We investigated the effect of immunoactive peptides, FK-156 and FK-565 on host defense mechanisms against microbial invasion. It was shown that these drugs given to normal mice increased the counts of phagocytes in both peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity, and enhanced the chemotactic, phagocytic and killing activities of peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and stimulated the phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system. Enhanced host resistance to microbial infection by these immunoactive peptides might be induced by both increase in counts and enhancement of functions of phagocytes. FK-156 restored decreased counts and functions of phagocytes in mice immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide, hydrocortisone or tumor. These findings suggest that these immunoactive peptides could be applied to prevent intractable infection in immunocompromised hosts.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1980

Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on phagocytosis and killing of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the ability to interfere with phagocytosis of Escherichia coli, whereas PMN-sensitive strains of P. aeruginosa did not. When mice were infected with an ordinarily nonpathogenic strain of E. coli, addition of a PMN-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa gave a mortality considerably higher than that obtained with P. aeruginosa alone, whereas addition of a PMN-sensitive strain of P. aeruginosa gave a mortality not different from that observed with P. aeruginosa alone. This increased mortality in mixed infection with E. coli and PMN-resistant P. aeruginosa was obtained by facilitation of tissue invasion by both bacteria from the inoculum site.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic.

FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic, was active against most Gram-negative bacteria except Serratia marcescens and glucose-nonfermenting Gram-negative rods excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity in vitro of FR-31564 was stronger than that of fosfomycin especially against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species and P. aeruginosa. FR-31564 also was active against Gram-negative bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity in vitro of FR-31564, like that of fosfomycin, was enhanced when 10% rabbit blood was added to the nutrient agar. The therapeutic efficacy of FR-31564 in experimental infections in mice was superior to that of fosfomycin in infections due to most Gram-negative bacteria used, and was similar to that of gentamicin in infections due to Citrobacter freundii, Proteus rettgeri and Proteus inconstans B. The protective effect of FR-31564, particularly in the P. aeruginosa infection, was superior to that of other control drugs including gentamicin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ceftizoxime (FK 749), a new parenteral cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities.

FK 749 is a new parenteral cephalosporin derivative which is more active against various gram-negative bacilli, including the opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter species, and Serratia marcescens, than cephalosporins and cephamycins such as cefotiam, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cefmetazole. FK 749 was especially active against gram-negative organisms resistant to these related antibiotics. FK 749 was more potent in bactericidal activity than the other antibiotics, and the activity was clearly enhanced in the presence of 90% defibrinated rabbit blood. The therapeutic effect of subcutaneously injected FK 749 in mice infected with various gram-negative bacilli was far superior to that of cefotiam, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefmetazole and was almost the same as that of cefmetazole in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus and that of ticarcillin in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FK 749 has, in general, nearly the same in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities as cefotaxime. The former had more potent bactericidal activity in the presence of the blood than the latter and showed more excellent therapeutic effect than cefotaxime against infections caused by large inoculum sizes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phagacytic and killing activities of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes: purification and characterization of an inhibitor of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

A clinically isolated strain of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-resistant Pseudomonas was found to produce an extracellular substance (PMN inhibitor) that inhibits the phagocytic and killing activities of PMN. The PMN inhibitor was purified from culture filtrates by precipitation with (NH4)2SO4 and chromatography on phosphocellulose, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and Sephadex G-100. The preparation was homogenous as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. The purified PMN inhibitor appeared to be a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 that was inactivated by heating and by exposure to a proteolytic enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Inhibitory effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phagocytic and killing activity of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes: mechanisms of action of a polymorphonuclear leukocyte inhibitor.

The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) inhibitor isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is resistant to the phagocytic and killing activities of rabbit PMN inhibited migration of PMN and engulfment of latex particles by PMN. In studies of the bactericidal metabolism of PMN, the PMN inhibitor did not inhibit the intracellular activity and extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes. However, the PMN inhibitor caused a decrease of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction. The PMN inhibitor had a cytotoxic effect on PMN and inhibited [14C]tyrosine uptake in intact PMN inhibitor had no inhibitory effect on protein synthesis in cell extracts.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of antibacterial activity of a new cephalosporin, ceftizoxime (FK 749) with other cephalosporin antibiotics.

FK 749 is a distinctive new parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum which is more potently active against a wide variety of Gram-negative bacilli, including the opportunistic pathogens such as Citrobacter and Enterobacter species and Serratia marcescens, than SCE 963, T 1551 and cefmetazole. The activity of FK 749 against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, pyogenes was by far superior to that of the three other antibiotics. These test organisms were not resistant to FK 749. The antibacterial activity of FK 749 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was almost the same as that of ticarcillin but was inferior to that of gentamicin and T 1551. The bactericidal activity of FK 749 against E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis was more potent than that of the three other antibiotics. FK 749, like cefmetazole, was extremely stable to beta-lactamases. In studies in mice, the therapeutic effect of subcutaneous injection of FK 749 against various infections due to Gram-negative bacilli was by far superior to that of SCE 963, T 1551 and cefmetazole, was almost the same as that of SCE 963 and cefmetazole against Staphylococcus aureus infection and that of ticarcillin against P. aeruginosa infection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic III. In vitro evaluation.

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, exerts a comparatively potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative organisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the indole-positive and indole-negative Proteus groups (except Pr. morganii), Serratia marcescens and the Neisseria groups. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of nocardicin A against clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa was about twice that of carbenicillin. The mean MICs of nocardicin A for Pr. mirabilis, Pr. rettgeri and Pr. inconstans ranged from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml and were 25 similar to 50 microgram/ml for Pr. vulgaris. Nocardicin A in concentrations of 12.5 similar to 50 microgram/ml inhibited 30 strains (48 percent) of S. marcescens usually resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. However, nocardicin A had no significant in vitro activity against Staphylococci and Escherichia coli. No cross-resistance was seen between nocardicin A and other beta-lactam antibiotics. This antibiotic was stable to beta-lactamase. The in vitro activity of nocardicin A against Ps. aeruginosa and Pr. mirabilis was greatly influenced by the assay media used. Nocardicin A was bactericidal and appeared to act synergistically with serum bactericidal factors against Ps. aeruginosa and with polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Ps. aeruginosa, E. coli and Pr. vulgaris. The bactericidal activity of nocardicin A against the above 3 organisms, therefore, increased markedly in the presence of fresh serum and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic IV. Factors influencing the in vitro activity of Nocardicin A.

Factors influencing the in vitro antimicrobial activity of nocardicin A against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were investigated. Sodium chloride was identified as a major inhibitor. Some of the amino acids, sugars and divalent cations were found to be minor inhibitors. The presence of potassium phosphates enhanced nocardicin A activity against P. aeruginosa, but antagonized the activity against P. mirabilis.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic V. In vivo evaluation.

Nocardicin A is a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic which provides a potent therapeutic effect in mice experimentally infected with gram-negative bacilli. When given subcutaneously to mice, the therapeutic effect of the drug was stronger than had been anticipated from in vitro studies. Nocardicin A was more potent in therapeutic effect than carbenicillin against infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Pr. vulgaris, Pr. rettgeri and Pr. inconstans, and was similar in effect to carbenicillin against infections due to Escherichia coli in mice. In addition, nocardicin A proved to be active against infections due to Serratia marcescens and other organisms resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. When nocardicin A was given subcutaneously to mice, blood and hepatic levels of the drug were higher than those of carbenicillin.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic VI. Absorption, excretion and tissue distribution in animals.

The absorption, excretion and tissue distribution of nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, were studied in various animals. When nocardicin A was given intramuscularly in single doses of 20 mg/kg to rats, rabbits, and dogs, the peak serum levels of nocardicin A were about 1.6 similar to 2.8 times higher than those of carbenicillin in all animals though the levels varied among the species tested. The serum half-life of nocardicin A in these animals was about twice that of carbenicillin. The 24-hour urinary recovery rate of nocardicin A after intramuscular injection was 68.5 percent in rabbits and 77.0 percent in dogs, but was low in rats; i.e., 0.7 percent. When nocardicin A was given intravenously in single doses of 20 mg/kg to these animals, the peak serum levels varied widely among the test species; i.e. about 3 times higher than those of carbenicillin in rabbits and dogs, similar to those in rats. The peak serum and tissue levels of nocardicin A after intramuscular to intravenous injection were the highest in the kidneys, followed by the liver, serum, lungs, heart and spleen. The levels in the liver were prolonged. Nocardicin A, and traces of unknown substances less active than nocardicin A were observed as active substances in the urine recovered after injection of nocardicin A.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effect of antibiotics on the phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of antibiotics on phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. Carbenicillin and sulbenicillin, when added to an incubation medium at a concentration as low as 1/16 MIC, increased phagocytosis and killing of P. aeruginosa by PMN. Meanwhile, gentamicin and 3',4'-dideoxykanamycin B gave no influence on the PMN activity, and polymyxin B and colistin enhanced the activity only at MIC. The PMN activity was not facilitated even when the cells of P. aeruginosa had been pretreated with antibiotics. The bactericidal activity of PMN decreased after sonification, but was restored following addition of carbenicillin.

Animals↗