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Biomedical subjects

Y Minamishima

Publications and source records attributed to Y Minamishima.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Good response to ganciclovir in a patient of cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonitis and gastric ulcer following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

This 35-year-old housewife was initially treated with vincristine, prednisolone and L-asparaginase for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, L1 by FAB classification) in 1988 and entered into complete remission. Ten months later she underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from her HLA-identical and MLC-negative sister. The conditioning regimens consisted of busulfan 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days orally and cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day for 2 days intravenously followed by cyclosporine and prednisolone for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. Fifty days after BMT, she suffered interstitial pneumonitis and a gastric ulcer, and was treated with a high dose of methylprednisolone and cimetidine. She experienced transient improvement, but soon cough, dyspnea and epigastralgia became worse. The specimens obtained by transbronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) and endoscopic gastric biopsy showed many giant cells containing inclusion bodies which were identified as cytomegalovirus (CMV). This time ganciclovir was started in addition to prednisolone. Then she gradually improved and after repeated BAL and the gastric biopsy after treatment showed no inclusion body in the specimen. Although leukocytopenia was significant for this patient, ganciclovir is considered to be useful for controlling CMV infection in both the lungs and stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Induction of apoptosis of T cells by infecting mice with murine cytomegalovirus.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is associated with several lymphocyte dysfunctions, but the precise mechanisms of the dysfunctions are still unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms, a cell cycle-DNA content analysis was performed on splenic T cells of murine CMV (MCMV)-infected BALB/c mice. T cells from mice infected with 3 x 10(3) PFU of MCMV contained a higher percentage of hypodiploid nuclei after 12 or 24 h of culture than those from naive mice. T cells from infected mice also contained a larger amount of fragmented DNA. Taken together, these results suggested that infection with MCMV induced the apoptotic cell death of T cells. This induction of apoptosis accounted for the dysfunction of lymphocytes, at least partially. Flow cytometric analysis showed that T cells as well as B cells from MCMV-infected mice expressed an augmented level of Fas antigen, an apoptosis-associated cell surface molecule, which might be the cause of the apoptosis of cells. T cells from MCMV-infected C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice with mutations at the lpr/fas locus, however, also showed a substantial level of apoptosis, which was reproducibly lower than that seen in C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, it was suggested that the Fas-mediated pathway contributed to but was not sufficient for the induction of apoptosis and that mechanisms other than the Fas-associated pathway were also involved in the induction of apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of herpesvirus genomes in Kikuchi's disease.

We examined the cervical lymph nodes of 30 patients with Kikuchi's disease and 15 patients with non-specific lymphadenitis, using Southern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify human herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and varicella-zoster virus. By Southern blot analysis, no virus DNA was recognized, but 16 of the 30 nodes from patients with Kikuchi's disease and 8 of the 15 nodes from patients with non-specific lymphadenitis showed amplified EBV DNA by PCR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition by iota-carrageenan of the spread of murine cytomegalovirus from the peritoneal cavity to the blood plasma.

The mechanism of iota-carrageenan (i-CAR)-induced protection against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of mice was analysed. The virus titres in the target organs on the fourth day correlated with that in the plasma at 1 h after intraperitoneal inoculation of MCMV, irrespective of i-CAR treatment. Pretreatment of mice with i-CAR induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity and inhibition of viral spread from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma. Although the direct relationship of these two phenomena was unclear, the inhibition by i-CAR of viral spread resulted in protection against MCMV infection of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antibodies in healthy populations and renal transplanted patients in the north-east of Brazil.

The seroprevalence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection was investigated in Brazilians (570): native inhabitants (298) and descendants from Japanese (272) living in Recife and its neighborhoods--North-east of Brazil. Furthermore, polytransfused renal transplanted patients (54) were also examined for the serological status to this virus. The seropositivity to HTLV-1, screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was low: 1.34% for the local population and 0.73% for the descendants from Japanese. However, the seropositivity for the renal transplanted patients was found to be 11.1%. This higher value suggests that this retrovirus infection seems to be of importance in this clinical condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Role of breast milk in acquisition of cytomegalovirus infection.

The prevalence of IgG antibody against cytomegalovirus (CMV) was compared between the age-matched (0 month to 2 years of age) groups of 212 breast-fed children and 223 bottle-fed children to examine the role of breast milk for acquisition of CMV. Mothers of both groups of children were also examined for CMV IgG antibodies. Both the breast-fed and bottle-fed children groups showed high seropositivity for CMV at 0 to 2 months of age, which gradually decreased and bottomed at 6 to 8 months of age. Thereafter, in the breast-fed children group, the seropositivity rate increased up to 70% by 1 year of age. In contrast, in the bottle-fed children group, the seropositivity rate remained at the bottom level of lower than 30%, without showing any apparent increases. The serological data of the children whose mothers were confirmed to be seropositive, revealed that mother-to-child transmission of CMV occurred in 11 of 17 (64.7%) of the breast-fed children and in 24 of 87 (27.6%) of the bottle-fed children. All the bottle-fed children born to seronegative mothers remained seronegative for CMV up to 1 year of age. The bottle-fed children showed significantly lower seropositivity than the breast-fed children, although most of both groups of children were born to seropositive mothers. The results strongly suggested that about 40% of the breast-fed children acquire CMV via breast milk and breast-feeding has certain protective effects on congenital CMV disease in the offspring.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

[Detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of CMV diseases in AIDS].

Ten to forty percent of the patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop sight- or life-threatening cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. In some patients with AIDS, CMV is detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), urine, and other specimens, even when there are no symptoms of CMV disease. An indicator of active CMV infection is needed to facilitate the diagnosis of CMV disease in patients with AIDS or HIV infection and the evaluation of the efficacy of subsequent treatment. The present study was conducted during the period from 1993 to 1994. The subjects consisted of three patients with AIDS and a confirmed diagnosis of CMV disease (one case of retinitis, one case of gastrointestinal disease and one case of pneumonia), and five HIV-positive patients in whom CMV associated disease was ruled out. Those patients were monitored occasionally for the following parameters of active CMV infection and disease: expression of CMV antigen in the nucleus of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (CMV antigenemia), as it was determined with a monoclonal antibody against a lower matrix protein (p65); infectious CMV detected by shell vial method; CMV DNA detected by PCR; anti-CMV antibody titer; and histological findings. CMV p65 antigen was detected in the leukocytes of both the peripheral blood and BALF during the early phase of CMV disease in three out of three cases of the CMV disease group, and this antigen became negative in two out of two cases who responded to the therapy. All the five patients in the CMV-related-disease-negative group were negative for CMV antigenemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of direct immunoperoxidase technique using F(ab')2 fractions of anti-cytomegalovirus human monoclonal antibody for enumeration of cytomegalovirus antigen-positive leukocytes].

Direct immunoperoxidase technique using human monoclonal antibody (C7) against a p65 antigen of cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been utilized to detect CMV antigen-positive leukocytes in the peripheral blood (CMV antigenemia). This technique was evaluated for enumeration of CMV antigen-positive leukocytes. The parameters included stability of the reagents, reproducibility of the results and quantitativity of the detection. The horseradish peroxidase (HRR)-labeled F(ab')2 fractions of C7 antibody were found to be superior to the equivalent Fab' fractions, because the former was much more stable than the latter. Enumeration of the CMV antigen-positive leukocytes were very reproducible and quantitative. The detection limit was one CMV antigen-positive cell per 50,000 leukocytes. Thus, this technique is reliable and practical to detect the CMV antigenemia, and it will contribute to early diagnosis of CMV diseases and initiation of antiviral therapy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Cytomegalovirus infection in living related liver transplantation: rapid diagnosis by human monoclonal antibody staining of blood leucocytes.

Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthotopic liver transplantation. Early detection and prompt treatment with appropriate medicine are crucial for successful outcome. As an early detection method, we used the CMV antigenemia test which is based on immunocytochemical detection of CMV immediate early antigens in blood leucocytes. CMV immediate early antigens were detected in blood leucocytes with direct immunoperoxidase technique using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated F(ab')2 fragment of human monoclonal antibody (humab C7), designated HRP-C7. Of the 37 living related liver transplantations we performed on pediatric patients between June 1990 and August 1992, we experienced four cases (10.8%) of symptomatic CMV infection: three CMV hepatitis and one CMV peritonitis. They were all treated successfully with a combination of ganciclovir and immunoglobulins. In ABO-incompatible cases ganciclovir was administered prophylactically. Early detection using this method is though to have led to these successful outcomes. It is concluded that HRP-C7 staining of blood leucocytes is useful for the rapid diagnosis of CMV infection.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

[The monitoring of cytomegalovirus antigenemia and arterial oxygen saturation for the early detection of cytomegalovirus pneumonia].

Eighteen patients underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo. BMT) during the period May, 1991 to December, 1992 in the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka. They were monitored for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). More than 10 antigen-positive cells per 50,000 polymorphonuclear leukocytes were detected in five of 18 patients. Three of these 5 patients developed CMV pneumonia several weeks after the first detection of more than 10 positive cells. Six of 18 patients developed interstitial pneumonia (IP) (3 CMV pneumonia and 3 idiopathic IP). SaO2 decreased less than 95% several days before the development of IP in 3 of these 6 patients (2 of CMV pneumonia and 1 of idiopathic IP). CMV antigenemia assay and SaO2 assay were thus both considered to be useful for the early detection or prediction of development of CMV pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pathogenicity of murine cytomegalovirus for newborn mice: analysis with the attenuated mutants.

Mutants (ts21, rev21, and rec21w) of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) with reduced ability to kill newborn mice have been isolated from the Smith strain (wild type; wt). The postulated mutations for these mutants are as follows; a mutation(s) responsible for temperature sensitivity (ts); a mutation(s) responsible for attenuation (att); a mutation(s) which modifies temperature sensitivity (mts); and a mutation(s) responsible for modified growth characteristics (mgc). Genotypes of the mutants have been proposed from their phenotypes; ts21 (ts, att, mts+, mgc+); rev21 (ts, att, mts, mgc+) or (ts+, att, mts+, mgc); and rec21w (ts+, att, mts+, mgc+). Inoculation of 2.0 x 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU) of wt intraperitoneally into mice resulted in lethal infection accompanying intraperitoneal hemorrhage and pathognomonic changes in the target organs. Such changes were less in rec21w-infected mice than in wt-infected mice, and almost absent in ts21- and rev21-infected mice, on the sixth day after inoculation. The lesser damage to the organs correlated with poor growth of these viruses in the corresponding organs. On the other hand, in the case of rec21w-infected mice, virus titer in the target organs was almost equivalent to that of wt-infected mice. The growth characteristic of rec21w in the liver was also similar to that of wt. Nevertheless, damage to the organs by rec21w was less than that by wt. Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics between rec21w and wt demonstrated that att affects the ability of MCMV to induce the organ damage without affecting viral growth. Similar comparison between ts21 and rec21w revealed that ts affects the growth of MCMV in most organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Detection of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection by the polymerase chain reaction using dried blood specimens on filter papers.

A simple method for detection of proviral DNA sequences of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was developed using dried blood specimens on filter papers. The whole blood was blotted onto the Guthrie paper. After the blood has dried, the blotted paper was punched out into small discs. The discs were then boiled to prepare the template for PCR (filter paper-PCR method). The filter paper-PCR method detected even a single HTLV-1-infected cell in three discs. The sensitivity of the filter paper-PCR method was equivalent to that of the method in which DNA was extracted with phenol and used as the template for PCR (DNA extraction-PCR method). In addition, DNA in the blotted filter paper was still utilizable as the template after the storage at 25 degrees C for at least 7 wk. A total of 53 clinical specimens from 30 seropositive and 23 seronegative individuals who were screened by particle agglutination (PA) test were analysed for HTLV-1 DNA by both PCR methods. Of 30 PA-positive specimens, 28 were also positive for HTLV-1 antibody by Western blot (WB) analysis, but two were indeterminate. The twenty eight WB-positive and one of the two indeterminate specimens were positive for HTLV-1 proviral DNA by both PCR methods. Of 23 PA-negative specimens, 22 were negative for HTLV-1 proviral DNA by both PCR methods. However, one PA-negative specimen was positive by both PCR methods. This patient was a 16-mth-old infant who was born to an HTLV-1 carrier mother and fed thereafter without her breast milk. In comparison to DNA extraction-PCR method, the sensitivity and specificity of the filter paper-PCR method was 100%, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of zoster and evaluation of varicella vaccine with a passive haemagglutination assay.

A passive haemagglutination (PHA) assay for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibody was prepared with purified viral glycoproteins. Serum samples from vaccinees with live attenuated varicella vaccine, and of zoster patients, were measured for antibody titres against VZV with PHA, complement fixation (CF) and immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) assays, and the results compared. Antibody development could be detected as early as 3 weeks after vaccination, by both PHA and IAHA tests, but not with the CF test. Significant rises in VZV antibody in zoster patients were detected by both PHA and CF tests several days after onset. No cross-reaction was observed using HSV PHA among the vaccinees and the zoster patients. The VZV PHA assay could be used as a monitor of vaccination and a tool for differential diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Human herpesvirus-6 genomes in histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) and other forms of lymphadenitis.

The cervical lymph nodes of 27 patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) were examined, as were those of 9 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis (Tb), 10 with reactive paracortical hyperplasia (RPH), and 10 with nonspecific lymphadenitis (NSL). Southern blot analysis, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in situ hybridization were use to locate the human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) genome. Southern blot analysis showed that all cases were negative for HHV-6 genomes, although all but one HNL case expressed HHV-6 genome using PCR. On in situ hybridization all 10 HNL cases, 6 of the 10 RPH cases, 6 of the 10 NSL cases, and 2 of the 9 Tb cases showed HHV-6 DNA. These results indicate that the presence of HHV-6 genome is not specifically related to HNL, and that this virus could hibernate in a latent form in the cervical lymph nodes. In addition, we examined three different primers (A, B, and C) for PCR amplification of HHV-6 genomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Passive hemagglutination assays for the detection of antibodies to herpes viruses.

A simple and effective method for the detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), has been established using the passive hemagglutination assay (PHA) in combination with viral specific glycoproteins. The results obtained with the PHA were compared with those from neutralization (NT) and complement fixation (CF) tests. The PHA test for each of the herpes viruses appears to compare favorably with the other assays tested. The specificity and sensitivity of HSV PHA to NT were 100%, whereas the specificity and sensitivity of HSV CF test to NT were 98% and 100%, respectively. For HCMV, the specificity and sensitivity of PHA to NT and PHA to CF were 100%. Similarly, the specificity and sensitivity of VZV PHA to NT were 100%. Because of the low sensitivity of the VZV CF, the sensitivity of CF to NT was 83%. Furthermore, the range of antibody titers and their absolute levels obtained in the PHAs were significantly greater than those in the NT and CF tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Re-evaluation of a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy previously diagnosed as simian virus 40 (SV40) etiology.

A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) reported previously to be of simian virus (SV40) etiology was re-evaluated. The supernatant from a 10% homogenate of brain material was inoculated into African green monkey kidney cells and BSC-1 cells which are permissive for SV40. However no cytopathic effect (CPE) developed and no virus was isolated. The brain supernatant agglutinated human group O erythrocytes and contained 5120 units/mL. The Hirt supernatant from the brain contained three DNA bands corresponding to forms I, II and III of circular double-stranded viral DNA. Restriction endonuclease cleavage analysis revealed that this viral DNA was different from SV40 DNA, but similar to JC virus DNA. After cloning of this viral DNA into pBR322 at the BamHI site, DNA homology of this virus and of SV40 was investigated. Cloned DNA from the brain hybridized with all the HpaI/EcoRI fragments of the SV40 genome at the effective temperature of Tm -50 degrees C [corrected]. At Tm -28 degrees C, however, the cloned DNA hybridized with only HpaI/EcoRI fragment B of the SV40 genome. In contrast to this, JC virus DNA hybridized with all five EcoRI/BamHI/HindIII fragments of cloned DNA even at Tm -28 degrees C. Therefore, the causative agent of this PML case was not SV40 but JC virus.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1993

Analysis of human herpes virus-6 genomes in lymphoid malignancy in Japan.

Ninety cases of malignant lymphoma and 56 cases of reactive lymphadenopathy were studied using Southern blot analysis and the polymerase chain reaction to identify human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) DNA. This was detected in cases of lymphoid malignancy at a rate which ranged from 50.0% to 68.8%. There were no differences in rates for different types of lymphoid malignancies. Herpes virus-6 DNA was detected by PCR in lymphoid malignancies less frequently than in reactive lymphadenopathies. It was not detected in lymphoid malignancies using Southern blotting. These results suggest that HHV-6 DNA was not related to lymphoid malignancy and was only a latent infection of non-neoplastic cells in tumour tissue.

Base Sequence↗