Successful primary repair of complete pancreatic disruption caused by blunt abdominal trauma: a report of two cases.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
Y Matsuo
Publications and source records attributed to Y Matsuo.
Establishment and characterization of "biphenotypic" acute leukemia cell lines with a variant Ph translocation t(9;22;10) (q34;q11;q22).
We established two novel PH-positive acute leukemia cell lines with "biphenotypic" feature, NALM-27 and NALM-28, with t(9;22;10)(q34;q11;q22) from a patient with biphenotypic acute leukemia(BAL). The breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of the BCR gene was found to be rearranged in these cells by Southern blot analysis using a major 3'-side bcr probe. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results showed differences in the pattern of expression of the abl-bcr fusion gene in comparison with the diagnosis. In the case of variant Ph translocations, reports have appeared concerning mainly chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but there have been few concerning acute leukemia with lymphoid feature. This study thus identifies nonrandomly involved chromosome sites which can then be targeted for detailed molecular analysis to obtain an understanding of abl-bcr fusion in the cells with lymphoid feature. In addition, chromosome band 10q22, involved in this translocation, is the site for several neoplasia. Furthermore, this site is non-randomly involved in the formation of variant Ph translocations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This is the first report on the t(9;22;10)(q34;q11;q22) rearrangement in NALM-27 and NALM-28 cell lines which should prove useful for understanding the translocation of molecular breaks within the bcr of the complex translocation site.
Acute Disease↗
Proposals for the characterization and description of new human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines.
Continuous human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines have become invaluable tools for hematological research as they provide an unlimited amount of cellular material. The first human lymphoma cell line Raji was established in 1963; since then several hundred leukemia-lymphoma cell lines spanning almost the whole spectrum of hematopoietic cell lineages (except for dendritric cells) have been described. The cardinal features of leukemia-lymphoma cell lines are their monoclonal origin, arrest of differentiation, and (growth factor-independent or -dependent) unlimited proliferation. Categorization of cell lines usually follows the physiological stages of hematopoietic differentiation in the various cell lineages. For an adequate classification, a detailed characterization of both primary and cultured cells in absolutely necessary. New cell lines, in particular, must be adequately, characterized; while cell culture data and immunological and cytogenetic features are essential, cell lines should be described in as much detail as possible. In addition to this recommended multiparameter characterization and the obligatory immortality of the culture, authentication of the true origin of the cells, novelty, scientific significance and availability of the cell line for other investigators are of utmost importance. It is still extremely difficult to establish new leukemia-lymphoma cell lines (except for some subtypes), and most attempts fail. Paramount to the lack of our understanding as to why certain cells start to proliferate in culture and others do not (thus implying a random process), is probably the difficulty of mimicking in vitro the physiological in vivo microenvironment. Attempts to improve the efficiency of cell line establishment should focus on examining the appropriateness of the in vitro culture conditions; these conditions should emulate as closely as possible the in vivo situation. In summary, leukemia-lymphoma cell lines have the potential to greatly facilitate diverse studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis; to that end, these cell lines must be extensively characterized and adequately described.
Cell Line↗
[Basic and clinical studies on tazobactam/piperacillin in pediatric field].
A drug susceptibility test of the combination drug TAZ/PIPC, which consists of a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam (TAZ), and one of penicillin antibiotics, piperacillin (PIPC), with combination ratio of 1:4 in potency, was conducted with stock strains and clinical isolates. The clinical efficacy and safety of its injection was also evaluated in children with a variety of infectious diseases. The results were as follows: 1. In susceptibility test, 114 strains from 4 species of stock strains were treated with 8 drugs, that is, TAZ/PIPC, PIPC, penicillin G (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), and sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ). Of three clinically isolated species from patients, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was treated with TAZ/PIPC, PIPC, methicillin (DMPPC), CTM, CTX, and SBT/CPZ, and the others were treated with the same drugs except for DMPPC. The MICs were measured for these bacterial strains inoculated at the concentration of 10(6) CFU/ml. The MIC90 values of TAZ/PIPC against 45 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), one of the stock cultures of Gram-positive cocci, were 0.05 microgram/ml and similar to those of PIPC, CTM, CAZ, and SBT/CPZ. The MICs of TAZ/PIPC for 28 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) were 0.39 microgram/ml and similar to those of PIPC, CTM, CAZ, and SBT/CPZ. As for Gram-negative bacilli, the MIC90 of TAZ/PIPC against 10 strains of Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) were 0.10 microgram/ml and similar to those of PIPC. The MIC90 of TAZ/PIPC against 31 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) were 0.05 microgram/ml and similar to those of PIPC, CTX, and SBT/CPZ. Regarding Gram-positive cocci isolated from patients received this combination drug, the MIC90 of TAZ/PIPC against 2 strains of S. aureus, a non beta-lactamase producing strain and a low-beta-lactamase producing strain, were 0.78 microgram/ml and 3.1 micrograms/ml, respectively; the former value was similar to those of PIPC, DMPPC, CTM, and CTX, and the latter was similar to those of PIPC, DMPPC, CTX, and SBT/CPZ. Of 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains were inhibited at 0.05 microgram/ml, and the others at 1.56 micrograms/ml; both values were similar to those of PIPC, SBT/CPZ. As for Gram-negative bacilli, 6 of 7 strains of H. influenzae did not produce beta-lactamase and 1 strain was a high producer. The MICs of TAZ/PIPC against beta-lactamase nonproducing strains were < or = 0.025 microgram/ml in 5 strains and 0.39 microgram/ml in 1 strain, and the values were similar to those of PIPC and SBT/CPZ. While the MIC of TAZ/PIPC against the high beta-lactamase producing strain was 0.78 microgram/ml; similar to that of SBT/CPZ and smaller than that of PIPC. 2. The results of clinical effects on 7 diseases in 33 cases were as follows: TAZ/PIPC was clinically judged "excellent" in 17 (51.5%); good in 14 (42.4%); fair in 2 (6.1%). No case with no response was seen in this study, and the total efficacy rate of "excellent" and "good" was 93.9%. 3. Bacteriological effects were evaluated in 17 strains of 4 species, and all of them were eradicated. 4. Adverse reactions were judged in 35, which consisted of 33 in which the clinical effects were evaluated and 2 dropped from this study. Of these cases, diarrhea was observed in 4 (11.4%). 5. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in platelets in 1 of 32 cases (3.1%), and eosinophilia in 2 of 29 cases (6.9%). Biochemical profile showed an increase in GPT alone and abnormal increases in both GOT and GPT in 1 each out of 21 cases.
Acute Disease↗
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reference ranges for bisphosphoglycerate mutase in human erythrocytes.
We established an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the determination of human bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) protein content in human erythrocytes using a polyclonal anti-BPGM antibody, we determined reference ranges for BPGM protein content, synthase activity, and specific activity in human erythrocytes. We produced a recombinant human BPGM (rBPGM) by gene manipulation using E. coli and then obtained the polyclonal antibody by immunizing rabbits with purified rBPGM. The reproducibility of the ELISA was in an acceptable range with a coefficient of variation under 1.5%. The ELISA was reliable in the range of 0.1 to 10 ng/mL. The polyclonal anti-rBPGM antibody did not show any cross-reaction with recombinant human B type phosphoglycerate mutase, which is highly homologous to rBPGM. The ELISA was found to be practical for the determination of BPGM protein content in human erythrocytes. The mean BPGM protein content was 56.3+/-9.7 microg/mL in whole blood (mean+/-SD, n = 50). The ELISA can be used to examine various hematologic disorders with abnormal red cell size and cell counts, and to detect BPGM enzymopathy in human erythrocytes.
Adult↗
[A case of Salmonella subdural empyema developed in chronic subdural hematoma].
A case of Salmonella subdural empyema developed in chronic subdural hematoma (Infected Subdural Hematoma; ISH) was reported. A 64-year-old man had been in a nearby hospital due to myelodysplastic syndrome with cerebral infarction for two months. His condition there had been almost uneventful. But spike fever occurred and the patient became drowsy two days before his transfer to our medical center. His consciousness level deteriorated progressively and CT scan showed a right chronic subdural hematoma. He had had no history of head trauma in the previous two months. On admission to our center, his consciousness level was semicoma with anisocoria. An emergency operation was performed via a single burr hole initially. From the burr hole, old bloody fluid accompanied by yellowish pus was obtained. Thus so-called ISH was diagnosed and the craniotomy was carried out. Gram stain of the specimen revealed gram negative rods. Although an epileptic state developed after the operation, it was controlled by barbiturate coma therapy for 3 days, followed by phenytoin administration. Fever subsided gradually with antibiotics sensitive to the bacteria and his anisocoria disappeared on the 4th postoperative day. In this case, Salmonella enteritidis was detected from bacterial culture both of the specimen and of the arterial blood. Salmonella enteritidis might have been implanted on the capsule of the chronic subdural hematoma by bacteremia derived from immunological dysfunction due to myelodysplastic syndrome. In conclusion, the possibility of ISH should be considered in chronic subdural hematoma patients with immunological dysfunction.
Chronic Disease↗
Transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs in a kidney epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1.
The transport of quinolone antibacterial drugs by LLC-PK1 monolayers was examined to characterize the renal tubular secretion of these drugs. The transcellular transport of levofloxacin and grepafloxacin from the basolateral to apical side was larger than the transport in the opposite direction. The basal-to-apical transcellular transport and uptake from the basolateral side of levofloxacin showed concentration dependent saturation with an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.6 and 13 mM, respectively. Various quinolones (1 mM) inhibited the transcellular transport of levofloxacin, and this inhibition was accompanied by a marked increase of cellular accumulation. These results indicated that quinolones interacted more strongly with the transport system on the apical than the basolateral membrane. Neither tetraethylammonium nor cyclosporin A affected the basal-to-apical transcellular transport and accumulation of levofloxacin. The basal-to-apical transcellular transport of levofloxacin was not influenced by either lowering the pH of the apical side or pretreatment of apical membrane with p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate. These findings indicate that quinolones are specifically transported from the basolateral to apical side by LLC-PK1 monolayers and have higher affinity for the transport system in the apical membrane, a system distinct from H+/organic cation antiport system.
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗
[Novel function of Calcineurin--multipotential factor as protein a phosphatase].
Calcineurin, serine/threonine phosphatase2B, is well known as a target of immunophilin-immunosuppressant complex such as cyclophilin-cyclosporinA and FKBP -FK506. It has been disclosed that Calcineurin is involved in interleukin 2 gene activation pathway lead to T lymphocyte proliferation, however, its functions as a multipotential factor still remains unknown. Here we mention about a new aspect of Calcineurin-involved pathway through its direct interaction to Bcl-2, an apoptosis suppressor. This direct binding of Calcineurin to Bcl-2 results in blockage of KFAT4 nuclear import by the prevention of Calcineurin-targetted dephosphorylation of NFAT4. Moreover, the tight binding between Calcineurin and Bcl-2 facilitate Bcl-2 activation as a apoptosis inhibitor through dephosphorylation of phosphorylated form of Bcl-2 serving to apoptosis regulation.
Animals↗
P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA protects against brain injury after focal ischemia in rats.
Recently, P/Q-type Ca2+ channels have been shown to be involved in neurotransmission in the central nervous system in mammals. We evaluated the effects of the P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker omega-agatoxin IVA (omega-Aga-IVA) on brain edema formation and infarct size determined after 24 h of reperfusion following 1 h of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment with omega-Aga-IVA significantly attenuated the postischemic increase of brain water content. omega-Aga-IVA also significantly reduced the size of the infarct area determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining after 24 h of reperfusion. omega-Aga-IVA (30 pmol, i.c.v.), which exhibited a neuroprotective effect, had no significant effect on the magnitude of intra- and postischemic brain temperature when compared with vehicle-treated rats. This indicates that the postischemic neuroprotective effect of omega-Aga-IVA is produced by a direct and not an indirect effect via hypothermia. These results suggest that P/Q-type Ca2+ channels may be involved in the development of focal ischemic brain injury and that blockers of these channels may be therapeutically useful against ischemic injury.
Animals↗
Soluble and membrane isoforms of Fas/CD95 in fresh adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells and ATL-cell lines.
Fas, also designated as Apo-1 and CD95, is a cell membrane receptor (mFas) involved in apoptotic cell death. A soluble form (sFas) lacking the transmembrane domain due to alternative splicing has been isolated. Abnormal expression of sFas and mFas is likely to be involved in lymphoproliferative disorders and auto-immune diseases. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) caused by human T-cell-leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is well known to be a T-cell neoplasm with strong mFas expression, suggesting a role of Fas in the pathology of the disease. We examined protein and mRNA expression of the 2 isoforms of Fas in fresh ATL cells and ATL cell lines. In general, mFas was strongly expressed in ATL cells, and sFas levels in sera were high, especially in malignant ATL. However, expression of the isoforms in some cases of ATL varied; there was no mFas expression on the cell surface and sFas levels were high in serum. In contrast, all ATL cell lines examined showed strong mFas expression and scarce production of sFas in the supernatant, corresponding to strong expression of full-length Fas mRNA and weak to negative expression of alternatively spliced mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain. Our findings indicate that the mode of expression of Fas isoforms in ATL cells is not always homogenous and that Fas may play a role in the malignant behavior and oncogenesis of ATL.
Flow Cytometry↗
New therapeutic possibility of blocking cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant on transient ischemic brain damage in rats.
Earlier we indicated that neutrophilic invasion into cerebral parenchyma is an important step in rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the production of chemotactic factors, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) precede the neutrophilic invasion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of CINC production and the therapeutic possibility of blocking CINC activity in the transient ischemic brain damage in rats. Focal transient ischemia was produced by intraluminal occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 60 min. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure the brain concentration of CINC and myeloperoxidase activity in ischemic areas was measured as a marker of neutrophilic accumulation. An immunohistochemical staining technique was used to detect the immunopositive cells for anti-CINC antibody. Further, application of anti-CINC antibody or anti-neutrophil antibody to rats was used to evaluate the role of CINC production. In ischemic areas, CINC production was detected and peaked 12 h after reperfusion, which followed 60 min of ischemia. Intraperitoneal injection of anti-neutrophil antibody 24 h before and immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced the brain water content and partially reduced the CINC production in ischemic areas. Further, immunohistochemical staining showed that anti-CINC antibody was found on the endothelial surface of venules and on parts of neutrophils that had invaded the ischemic area 6 to 24 h after reperfusion. Also, treatment with anti-CINC antibody reduced ischemic edema formation 24 h after reperfusion and the size of infarction areas 7 days after reperfusion. It thus appears that CINC, mainly produced by endothelium activated by factors released from neutrophils, plays an important role in ischemic brain damage. Furthermore, the blocking of CINC activity with antibody suggests an immuno-therapeutic approach to the treatment of stroke patients.
Animals↗
Tertiary structural models for human interleukin-6 and evaluation by a sequence-structure compatibility method and NMR experimental information.
Tertiary structure models of Interleukin-6 were constructed using a routine prediction method based on the X-ray crystal structures of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The models were evaluated with the aid of the sequence-structure compatibility (3D-1D) method program compass and NMR experimental information. The model constructed from GCSF gained higher scores on compass examination than did that from LIF, and the NOE data [Nishimura et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 273-281] also turned to be more consistent with the former model.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Predicted structure of the extracellular region of ligand-gated ion-channel receptors shows SH2-like and SH3-like domains forming the ligand-binding site.
Fast synaptic neurotransmission is mediated by ligand-gated ion-channel (LGIC) receptors, which include receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA, glycine, and glutamate. LGICs are pentamers with extracellular ligand-binding domains and form integral membrane ion channels that are selective for cations (acetylcholine and serotonin 5HT3 receptors) or anions (GABAA and glycine receptors and the invertebrate glutamate-binding chloride channel). They form a protein superfamily with no sequence similarity to any protein of known structure. Using a 1D-3D structure mapping approach, we have modeled the extracellular ligand-binding domain based on a significant match with the SH2 and SH3 domains of the biotin repressor structure. Refinement of the model based on knowledge of the large family of SH2 and SH3 structures, sequence alignments, and use of structure templates for loop building, allows the prediction of both monomer and pentamer models. These are consistent with medium-resolution electron microscopy structures and with experimental structure/function data from ligand-binding, antibody-binding, mutagenesis, protein-labeling and subunit-linking studies, and glycosylation sites. Also, the predicted polarity of the channel pore calculated from electrostatic potential maps of pentamer models of superfamily members is consistent with known ion selectivities. Using the glycine receptor alpha 1 subunit, which forms homopentamers, the monomeric and pentameric models define the agonist and antagonist (strychnine) binding sites to a deep crevice formed by an extended loop, which includes the invariant disulfide bridge, between the SH2 and SH3 domains. A detailed binding site for strychnine is reported that is in strong agreement with known structure/function data. A site for interaction of the extracellular ligand-binding domain with the activation of the M2 transmembrane helix is also suggested.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Comparison of protein structures using 3D profile alignment.
A novel method for protein structure comparison using 3D profile alignment is presented. The 3D profile is a position-dependent scoring matrix derived from three-dimensional structures and is basically used to estimate sequence-structure compatibility for prediction of protein structure. Our idea is to compare two 3D profiles using a dynamic programming algorithm to obtain optimal alignment and a similarity score between them. When the 3D profile of hemoglobin was compared with each of the profiles in the library, which contained 325 profiles of representative structures, all the profiles of other globins were detected with relatively high scores, and proteins in the same structural class followed the globins. Exhaustive comparison of 3D profiles in the library was also performed to depict protein relatedness in the structure space. Using multidimensional scaling, a planar projection of points in the protein structure space revealed an overall grouping in terms of structural classes, i.e., all-alpha, all-beta, alpha/beta, and alpha+beta. These results differ in implication from those obtained by the conventional structure-structure comparison method. Differences are discussed with respect to the structural divergence of proteins in the course of molecular evolution.
Algorithms↗
Primary solitary amyloidoma of the lung: findings on CT and MRI.
Pulmonary amyloidoma is a rare disease which is usually found incidentally on chest radiographs in asymptomatic, elderly people. Amyloid nodules may be solitary or much more commonly multiple. There have been many reports of radiological findings of pulmonary amyloidosis; however, those have not been characteristic. We report the findings on CT and MRI of a proven primary pulmonary amyloidoma in an asymptomatic 76-year-old woman. The low intensity of the lesion on T2-weighted images may be useful in the differential diagnosis from bronchogenic carcinoma.
Aged↗
Endoscopic ultrasonography for demonstrating loss of multiple-layer pattern of the thickened gallbladder wall in the preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), conventional US, CT, and MRI in differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening. We scrutinized images for the presence of the multiple-layer patterns of the thickened gallbladder walls during preoperative images (EUS, n = 22; US, n = 23; CT, n = 20; MRI, n = 15) and retrospectively correlated them with surgical results in 25 patients. The pathological diagnoses included 7 gallbladder cancers, 9 cases of chronic cholecystitis, 5 cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and 4 cases of adenomyomatosis. Multiple-layer patterns of gallbladder wall were observed in patients with inflammatory and benign diseases by US, EUS, CT, and MRI. This pattern was demonstrated by EUS more efficiently compared with other means of imaging. All subjects with loss of multiple layers were finally diagnosed by use of EUS as having gallbladder cancer at surgery. Loss of multiple-layer patterns of the gallbladder wall demonstrated by EUS was the most specific finding in diagnosing gallbladder cancer.
Adenomyoma↗
A modification of hepatic portoenterostomy (Kasai operation) for biliary atresia.
BACKGROUND: Although the proportion of patients with biliary atresia remaining jaundice-free after hepatic portoenterostomy (i.e., Kasai operation) has recently been increasing, in many cases repeated reoperation is required to achieve this result. Also, with assessment of jaundice using 2.0 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin as the cutoff, progressive liver fibrosis has occurred in longterm survivors, making liver transplantation necessary. Reoperations result in difficulty in removing the liver for this purpose and cause an increase in the probability of sequelae. STUDY DESIGN: We have performed a new modification of the Kasai operation on a series of patients using the Cavitron ultrasonic suction aspirator (CUSA) for obtaining persistent biliary drainage. We assessed the results using <1.5 mg/dL of serum total bilirubin as the criterion for jaundice-free patients. RESULTS: Since 1988, 39 patients were available for review of their clinical results to evaluate our new modification. Thirty patients (77%) were completely and continuously free of jaundice, without living-related liver transplantation or reoperation, and the maximum level of total bilirubin was <1.1 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Our new approach to Kasai operations using CUSA as an integral aid to freeing the biliary remnants and facilitating enteric anastomosis is effective for persistent and complete disappearance of jaundice, without complicated reconstruction or reoperation, and decreases the need for liver transplantation.
Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
Genetic factors on the second and third chromosomes responsible for the variation of amylase activity and inducibility in Drosophila melanogaster.
Using second- or third-chromosome substitution lines of Drosophila melanogaster, the genetic variation of inducibility and amylase specific activities in three media (starch, normal and glucose) were investigated. Genetic factors on both the second and third chromosomes were responsible for the variation in amylase specific activity and inducibility. In glucose medium, the genetic variance of amylase specific activity estimated for the second-chromosome substitution lines was larger than that for the third-chromosome substitution lines; however, for starch medium and inducibility, the variance was larger for the third-chromosome substitution lines. High correlations for the second-chromosome substitution lines and low correlations for the third-chromosome substitution lines were observed for amylase specific activities in different media. These results suggest that the genetic factor(s) responsible for inducibility or amylase activity variation in an induced medium such as starch should be on the third chromosome and those in the non-induced medium such as glucose should be on the second chromosome. The functional roles of the factors on the second and third chromosomes would be the repression and induction of amylase, respectively.
Animals↗