Biomedical subjects

Y Matsui

Publications and source records attributed to Y Matsui.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Respiratory outcome in extremely premature infants following ketamine anaesthesia.

Premature infants are prone to develop postoperative apnoea. The purpose of the present study was to determine if risk factors could be identified to predict which patients would require postoperative tracheal intubation and lung ventilation. Twenty-five extremely premature infants (birth weight: 811 +/- 242 g (mean +/- SD) and operation weight: 1585 +/- 394 g) needing cryotherapy for retinopathy were studied. After surgery the tracheas were extubated if there was no prolonged apnoea, SaO2 greater than 85%, and heart rate greater than 120 bpm. In eight, tracheal extubation in the operating room was unsuccessful. Using multivariate discriminant analysis, four risk factors correlated with the need for pulmonary ventilation-gestational duration, birth weight, postconceptional age, and preoperative aminophylline treatment for seven days. A scoring system using these factors successfully predicted the need for a tracheal tube after surgery in 92% of patients. It is concluded that the system may be clinically useful in the perioperative care of low-birth-weight infants as it identifies important variables for evaluating postoperative prolonged apnoea.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Differential expression of the N-myc, c-fos, and smg p25A genes in human neuroblastoma cells during neuronal and Schwannian differentiation.

We have examined expression of the N-myc, c-fos and smg p25A genes in two human neuroblastoma cell lines during their differentiation. The decrease in the N-myc gene expression and the increase in the c-fos gene expression are observed during the differentiation of NB-1 cells into neuronal cells and of GOTO cells into Schwann-type cells. On the other hand, the smg p25A, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, gene expression is increased in NB-1 cells but not in GOTO cells during their differentiation, suggesting that smg p25A is closely associated with the neuronal phenotype of neuroblastoma cells.

Bucladesine↗

PubMed1991

Electrical characteristics in an excitable element of lipid membrane.

Electrical characteristics in a membrane constructed from a porous filter adsorbed with a lipid analogue, dioleoyl phosphate (DOPH), were investigated in a situation interposed between 100 mM NaCl + 3 mM CaCl2 and 100 mM KCl. Calcium ions affected significantly the membrane characteristics. The membrane potential was negative on the KCl side, which implies the higher permeability to K+ than Na+; this tendency was increased by a tiny amount of Ca2+. While the membrane showed a low electrical resistance of several k omega . cm2 under K+/Na+ gradient, it showed several M omega . cm2 by Ca2+. The surface structure of the membrane exhibited many voids in the low-resistance state, but the surface was covered by oil droplets in the high-resistance state. Oscillations of the membrane potential appeared spontaneously with application of the electrical current from the KCl side to the NaCl + CaCl2 side. The frequency was increased with the electrical current. All these results were explained comprehensively using an electrochemical kinetic model taking account of the Ca2+ binding effect, where DOPH assemblies make a phase transition between oil droplets due to Ca2+ and multi-bilayers with excess K+. The oscillation arises from coupling of the phase transition to accumulation and release of K+ or Ca2+. This membrane can be used as an excitable element regulated by Ca2+ in neuro-computer devices.

Calcium↗

PubMed1991

Output, tissue levels, and synthesis of acetylcholine during and after transient forebrain ischemia in the rat.

Biochemical changes in the rat brain cholinergic system during and after 60 min of ischemia were studied using a four-vessel occlusion model. Extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations in the unanesthetized rat hippocampus markedly increased during ischemia and reached a peak (about 13.5 times baseline levels) at 5-10 min after the onset of ischemia. At 2-5 h after reperfusion, extracellular ACh concentrations were reduced to 64-72% of the levels of controls. ACh levels in the hippocampus, striatum, and cortex decreased significantly during ischemia and exceeded their control values just after reperfusion. A significant increase in hippocampal ACh level after 2 days of reperfusion and a decrease in [14C]ACh synthesis from [14C]glucose in hippocampal slices excised at 2 days after reperfusion were observed. The extracellular concentrations and tissue levels of choline markedly increased after ischemia. These results show that ACh is markedly released into the extracellular space in the hippocampus during ischemia, and they suggest that ACh synthesis is activated just after reperfusion and that cholinergic activity is reduced after 2-48 h of reperfusion in the hippocampus.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1991

[Studies on the host factors in the outbreak of odontogenic infection--the background factors of patients and the effect of serum after sleep deprivation on PMN chemotaxis].

These studies were carried out to investigate the background factors in the outbreak of acute infection of odontogenic origin. In the clinical study, fifty patients who suffered from acute odontogenic infection were compared with fifty symptom free controls with chronic odontogenic inflammation. The subjects were asked whether they had basal disease or not, and were given a series of questionnaires about the episodes of recent life changes (f.e. busy, decrease of sleeping time, travel etc) to measure the incidence of these background factors. In the experimental study, the effect of serum after 24 hours sleep deprivation on PMN chemotaxis in vitro was studied in six young volunteers. Chemotactic assays were performed with the modified Boyden chamber method. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The basal diseases were observed in 16 cases (32%) with acute odontogenic infection, and in 14 cases (28%) of controls. The incidence was not different statistically between both groups. 2) The incidence of background episodes in the patients were noted in 39 cases (78%) of patients and 10 cases (20%) of the controls (p less than 0.01). The predominant factor in these episodes were busy (36%), and decrease of sleeping time (30%) in the patient group. 3) Serum of all 6 subjects obtained after sleep deprivation showed depressed effects on PMN chemotaxis to chemotactic factor. (P less than 0.05). 4) Pre-exposure levels were regained in five of the six subjects within seven days after terminating the visil. These results suggest that fatigue plays a major role in the susceptibility to acute odontogenic infection by the alternation of PMN chemotaxis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Varicella zoster virus DNA in throat swabs.

Eighty-one throat swabs from 18 patients infected with varicella were tested for varicella zoster virus DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The positive rates were 26.2% (11/42) during the incubation period and 89.7% (35/39) after clinical onset. The results indicate the pharynx is a site for early replication of the virus.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Young's syndrome: report of two Japanese cases.

Young's syndrome is characterized by azoospermia due to bilateral epididymal obstruction associated with chronic sinobronchial disease. We report two Japanese cases of Young's syndrome who were treated with microsurgical epididymovasostomy. The histopathology of the caput epididymis showed an obstruction at the most distal region of the ductuli efferentes. The incidence of Young's syndrome in patients with obstructive azoospermia was much lower for mongoloids than for Caucasians.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Spectroscopic study on interaction of nucleic acid base with tryptophan-containing tripeptides: acetyl-Trp-X-Trp-NHCH3 (X = Gly, Asn, Asp, Gln and Glu).

As part of a series of peptides designed to have binding ability selective for each of the nucleic acid bases, five tripeptides consisting of N-acetyl-Trp-X-Trp-NHCH3 (X = Gly, Asn, Asp, Gln and Glu) were synthesized, and their abilities to form complexes with four different nucleotides were examined by the fluorescence and phase distribution methods. The association constants obtained indicated that, depending on the sort of X residue, the peptides showed a variation in their interaction with guanosine monophosphate (GMP), while no noticeable selectivity was observed for other nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cytidine monophosphate (CMP). The binding mode of N-acetyl-Trp-Asp-Trp-NHCH3 for the guanine base was further investigated using the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method. The mode was suggested to involve intimate cooperation of (1) the hydrogen bond formation between the carboxyl group of the Asp side chain and the guanine C2-amino group, and (2) the stacking interaction of the base with two terminal Trp residues of the peptide. Such interaction was strengthened by the protonation of the guanine base. A tentative binding mode is proposed based on these results.

Molecular Structure↗

PubMed1991

Deamination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin by type A monoamine oxidase in discrete regions of the rat brain and inhibition by RS-8359.

Levels of monoamines and their metabolites were determined in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats killed by microwave irradiation. Moclobemide (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and clorgyline (10 mg/kg, p.o.), type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) inhibitors, increased the levels of normetanephrine (NM) and 3-methoxytyramine (3MT) and decreased those of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) in almost all three regions. Deprenyl (10 mg/kg, p.o.), a type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor, however, little affected monoamine and metabolite levels in all regions. The maximum effects of RS-8359 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) were obtained at 2 to 6 hr after administration, when the levels of norepinephrine (NE), NM, 3MT, and serotonin (5HT) in all regions and dopamine (DA) in the striatum increased, while DOPAC and HVA levels decreased. The levels of monoamines and metabolites had returned to normal by 20 hr after administration. Dose-dependency of the effects of RS-8359 on monoamine metabolites was observed at doses up to 30 mg/kg (p.o.) at 1 and 6 hr after administration. In conclusion, NE, DA, and 5HT are exclusively or preferentially deaminated by MAO-A in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats, and RS-8359 exhibits a reversible MAO-A inhibitory action in all three regions tested in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Pathological studies on systemic mycoses in calves.

Systemic mycoses were found in 19 (4.7%) of 406 calves less than 6 months old which were autopsied during the past 10 years. Alimentary mycosis occurred in 12 (63.2%) of 19 cases. In alimentary mycosis, mucormycosis showed the highest rate of occurrence (91.7%, 11/12 calves) followed by aspergillosis 41.7% and candidiasis was 9.3%. Mucormycosis and aspergillosis were characterized by focal hemorrhagic necroses with hyphal proliferation and thrombi in the mucosa and muscular layers of the forestomach, abomasum, and small intestine. Candidiasis was characterized by hyperkeratosis with pseudohyphae and microconidia in the mucosa of the omasum. Four of 12 calves (33.3%) had mixed infections of the alimentary tract consisting of Mucorales and Aspergillus species. Pulmonary aspergillosis was found in 10 (52.6%) of 19 calves. There were micro-abscesses with hyphal proliferation or asteroid bodies in the lungs. Infections involving both the alimentary tract and respiratory organs were noted in 3 (10.5%) of 19 calves. Disseminated mycosis was found only in one calf. In alimentary mycosis, administration of antibiotics for the treatment of diarrhea and early weaning were thought to be an important predisposing factor.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Clinical features of patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus.

Clinical features of 16 patients with mild systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared with those of 21 control patients with moderate or severe disease. Age at the time of diagnosis of SLE was higher in mild disease group. The incidence of the coexistence of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) at the time of diagnosis of SLE was higher in patients who later developed mild disease. Anti-Sm antibody and decreased levels of C3, C4, and CH50 occurred less frequently in patients with mild disease. SLE patients with the coexistence of SS at the time of diagnosis of SLE may represent a subset with a benign prognosis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Frequency of complications of mitral valve prolapse in the elderly].

To evaluate the difference in the frequency of complication of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) according to sex in subjects aged 60 years and older, 543 patients (218 men and 325 women) who were diagnosed as having MVP by echocardiography at the Lahey Clinic Medical Center were studied. Three hundred and fourty eight patients had no complication of MVP (male vs female = 129:219). Infective endocarditis occurred in 20 patients (male vs female = 13:7). Rupture of chordae tendineae occurred spontaneously in 29 patients (male vs female = 20:9) and were associated with infective endocarditis in 8 other patients (male vs female = 6:2). Eighteen patients required mitral valve surgery for severe mitral regurgitation. The frequencies of these complications were higher in males than those in females. Cerebral ischemic events were encountered in 54 patients. There was no significant difference in the frequency between male and female. In conclusion, MVP in elderly men might be at for cardiac complication.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Statistical survey of prosthetic restorations--outline and single crowns, cast cores and inlays].

This is a report on the statistical classification of the prosthetic restorations placed in out-patients of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. The data were collected from the laboratory records during the period of January to June of 1986. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The total number of the prosthetic restorations placed in the outpatients were 7355, and 56% of these were covered by the health insurance. 2. Of the total restorations, 29.6% were cast cores, 18.2% were inlays and 17.2% were crowns. Post crowns, jacket crowns and partial veneer crowns were very few, being only 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%, respectively. 3. Approximately 50% of the prosthetic restorations were single crowns. 4. Compared to the record from about 20 years ago, the number as well as the ratio of the crowns including the facing crowns was approximately doubled. On the contrary, the number of jacket and post crowns has remarkably decreased. 5. With regard to the single anterior prosthetic restorations, the majority were the porcelain fused to metal crowns which were not popular 20 years ago.

Crowns↗

PubMed1991

[A pilot study of etoposide, split-dose cisplatin and THP in small cell lung cancer].

Sixteen untreated patients with small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of Etoposide (70 mg/m2 i.v., day 3-5), Cisplatin (40 mg/m2 i.v., days 1 and 8) and THP (20 mg/m2 i.v., days 1 and 8). Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks and 15 patients received more than two cycles. The objective response rate was 80% (12 of 15) in complete cases, 91% (10 of 11) in limited disease and 50% (2 of 4) in extensive disease. CR rate was 33% in complete cases, 46% in limited disease. The median duration of response was 22.6 weeks. The median survival was more than 12 months in complete cases. Toxicity was primarily myelosuppression. Three of 15 patients had leukopenia of grade 4, 3 of 15 of grade 3, and 7 of 15 of grade 2. Nausea and vomiting were well tolerated by metoclopromide and methylprednisolone. The renal toxicity was minimal. There were no chemotherapy-related lethal complications. This schedule of Etoposide, split-dose Cisplatin and THP is effective and safe for patients with small cell lung cancer. However, the advantage of THP is still controversial.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1991

[Surgical management of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries].

From 1962 to 1990, we have experienced 12 patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA). Associated cardiac defects were present in all cases, most frequently ventricular septal defect (100%), and pulmonary stenosis (67%), Palliative procedures were done in 5, corrective operations in 6. One patient underwent corrective procedure 27 years after palliation. The hospital mortality rate was 8% (1/12), and 1 late death (8%) was seen in this series. In most cases, we approached the defect through the mitral valve, and the deLeval method was very useful in placing stitches along the trabecular septum. AV conduction disturbance could be avoided in 5 of 6 patients who underwent the closure of ventricular septal defect. Pulmonary stenosis was relieved by valvotomy and/or infundibulectomy, or implantation of an extracardiac conduit according to their anatomy. Cardiac function of systemic ventricle (morphologic right ventricle) were well preserved in the case undergoing intracardiac repair and also in the palliative cases. Careful observation is needed in these cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical investigation on the adjunctive method in the surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysms--comparison of the temporary bypass and partial extracorporeal bypass].

Since 1980, two different operative strategies were employed during resection to provide distal aortic perfusion by temporary bypass (Group "TB", 39 patients) or partial extracorporeal bypass (Group "PEC", 39 patients) in the operation for the thoracic descending aortic aneurysms or the dissecting aortic aneurysms with DeBakey type III. No significant differences were found in the patient population or the operative procedures between two groups. Mean bypass flow in Group "PEC" was 1850 +/- 70 (ml/min), which is significantly higher than in Group "TB" (1000 +/- 240 ml/min). However, there were no significant differences in the distal aortic pressure between two groups, which was due to administration of vasodilators. Platelet counts in Group "PEC" were significantly lower in the postoperative courses, probably caused by the use of roller pumps or suckers. The incidence of the postoperative renal dysfunction was almost the same in two groups. Cardiac functions during temporary bypass were suppressed by the aortic cross-clamping, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the cardiac function preoperatively in employing this method. Partial extracorporeal bypass has the disadvantages of the requirement for full heparinization, but it can be indicated to almost all cases, even to the patients with poor cardiac function. It also has the advantage to maintain the distal perfusion in the unexpected intraoperative situations. The method of distal aortic perfusion should be determined by patient-related and disease-related factors.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the tracheobronchial clearance in patients with chronic bronchial infections by an integrated system using radioactive aerosol inhalation scintigraphy].

It is widely accepted that the impairment of tracheobronchial clearance (TBC) are closely related to the development and the progression of chronic bronchial infections. We investigated TBC in patients with chronic bronchial infections (bronchiectasis; 11 cases, diffuse panbronchiolitis; 9 cases and primary ciliary dyskinesia; 3 cases) and also in 6 healthy subjects by a radioactive aerosol (99mTc-human serum albumin, 4.4 +/- 1.4 microns in diameter) inhalation scintigraphy with cough control in order to elucidate the relationships between impaired TBC and chronic bronchial infections. All subjects were not current smokers. After 4-minutes inhalation of radioactive aerosols (tidal volume: 500 ml x 20/min.), radioactivities in whole right lung were measured every 20 seconds for 2 hours serially and then measured at the time of 6 and 24 hours after inhalation. Immediately after the serial recording for 2 hours, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed to assess the deposition pattern of radioactive aerosols. During the first 2 hours, all the subjects were instructed to avoid coughing as much as possible to evaluate the mucociliary clearance without cough effect. And then the subjects were allowed to cough between 2 and 24 hours after inhalation. All radiation counts were corrected for background radiation and physical decay of 99mTc. Because it is considered that the deposited aerosols are eliminated much more slowly in alveoli (biological half life: several months) than in airways (biological half life: several hours), the radioactivity remaining at the time of 24 hours was defined as alveolar deposition (ALV). Initial bronchial deposition (Br0) was defined as initial whole lung deposition (L0) minus ALV. We evaluated the TBC with following parameters; 1) Br0/L0 (%):ratio of initial bronchial deposition to initial lung (bronchial and alveolar) deposition. 2) Br2/Br0 (%), Br6/Br0 (%):bronchial retention ratio; the ratio of bronchial deposition at the time of 2 and 6 hours after inhalation to initial bronchial deposition, respectively. 3) TMV (mm/min.):tracheal mucus velocity (rate of shift of radioactive bolus on tracheal mucosa), which was measured during the period of first 2 hours under prohibition of cough. The patients (23 cases) were divided into two groups with regards to cough control for the first two hours of the scintigraphy:cough-controlled group (19 cases) and cough-uncontrolled group (4 cases). The cough-controlled group was subdivided into two subgroups (group A and group B) according to Br0/L0:group A less than 47.9% (mean + SD of Br0/L0 in healthy control) less than or equal to group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1991

[Successful surgical treatment of a case of corrected transposition in situs inversus with associated anomalies].

A 33-year-old female with corrected transposition (situs inversus) with ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and pulmonary stenosis (valvular and subvalvular) was operated successfully. Closure of ASD and infracristal VSD was performed through right atrial approach. In order to get complete exposure of VSD, a part of anterior leaflet of mitral valve was detached temporally. An external conduit was interposed between the morphologic left ventricle and the main pulmonary artery to relieve pulmonary stenosis. Postoperative course was uneventful except a transient complete heart block for a day. Several technical aspects of the radical operation were discussed including VSD closure method to avoid damaging the atrioventricular conducting tissues and reconstructive procedure of morphological left ventricular outflow.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗