Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Masuda

Publications and source records attributed to Y Masuda.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

Mice housed in a cage with a maze learn the maze without explicit training.

Mice were housed in a cage with a maze. A water tap was placed at the entrance of the maze. The exit of the maze connected with another cage (home cage). Food was placed in the home cage. Three different multiple mazes (types 1-3) were placed. 1) Mice were housed for 10 h a day in the apparatus and then removed to a normal cage for fasting. One trial per day was carried out after fasting for 13 h. In each trial, a mouse was put at the entrance of the maze and then the number of errors and the time till it reached the home cage was counted. Mice reached a learning criterion at Trial 2. 2) Administering scopolamine (0.125-0.5 mg/kg) 30 min before Trial four disturbed the maze work dose dependently in a type 3 maze, the most complex maze among the three, but did not in type 1 and 2 mazes. 3) Administering scopolamine (0.25-1.0 mg/kg) 30 min before Trial 11 to the mouse of the type 3 maze did not disturb the maze work. These results show that a mouse housed in a cage with a maze learns the maze without explicit training and scopolamine can differentially effect performance based upon the degree of training.

Animals↗

Rapid and simultaneous assay of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in discrete brain areas of mice by HPLC with coulometric detection.

For simultaneous assay of the three monoamine neurotransmitters, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and four respective metabolites in brain tissue, a rapid and simple method using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection is described. Because the present method permits the determination of these target substrates within 10 min or less in one chromatographic run, 150 samples can be analyzed using an autosampler and an integrator in a 24-h period. Within-run coefficients of variation for the target substrates in the standard solution and the whole brain sample were less than 3% and 2% (n = 40), respectively. The quantitative detection limits were 0.01-0.1 pmol. The present procedure was applied to measure the target substrates in several discrete brain areas in mice.

Animals↗

Properties of rhythmically active reticular neurons around the trigeminal motor nucleus during fictive mastication in the rat.

Response properties of the neurons in the reticular formation around the trigeminal motor nucleus (MoV) were examined during cortically-induced fictive mastication (CIFM) in anesthetized and immobilized rats. Forty-three neurons were rhythmically active (RA neurons) during CIFM, most of which were located in the supratrigeminal nucleus and the reticular formation medial to the oral spinal trigeminal nucleus. The firing frequency of 36 of the RA neurons was modulated in the same rhythm as that of masseteric or digastric nerve activities during CIFM. We divided these neurons into four groups according to the phase of activation: sixteen neurons fired mainly in the phase of masseteric activity (type 1), 11 fired in the transition phase from masseteric activity to digastric activity (type 2), 5 fired in the phase of digastric activity (type 3) and 4 fired in the transition phase from digastric activity to masseteric activity (type 4). Thirty-nine (91%) of the 43 RA neurons responded to at least one of the tested peripheral stimuli. The responses were mostly excitatory but inhibitory responses were sometimes obtained, especially for types-1 and 2 neurons. RA neurons in the reticular formation medial to the oral spinal trigeminal nucleus responded to stimulation of inferior alveolar nerve at a shorter latency than RA neurons in the supratrigeminal nucleus. Fifteen (48%) of 31 RA neurons responded to triple-pulse stimulation of the contralateral cortex. In contrast, only 5(26%) of the 19 RA neurons responded to the ipsilateral cortical stimulation. Stimulation of the ipsilateral MoV was performed on 24 RA neurons, of which 9 responded antidromically (A-RA neurons) at latencies of 0.4-1.4 ms. Eight (89%) of the 9 A-RA neurons received peripheral inputs. The spike triggered averaging method was applied to 4 of the 9 A-RA neurons, ad in all cases short latency field potentials were recorded in the MoV. We conclude that trigeminal premotor neurons receive convergence from central and peripheral inputs. This integration can adjust the appropriate level of motoneuronal excitability during mastication.

Animals↗

A simple T-maze method for estimating working memory in mice. Effect of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A).

Mice were housed in a cage containing a T maze. A watering place was located at the entrance of the maze. The right and left arms of the maze each had two exits, one of which led to the home cage where food was placed, while the other led to the watering place via a bypass. The exit leading to the home cage in either the right or left arm was alternately closed every 90 min. One-way swinging doors were inserted at the entrance to each arm and between each bypass and the watering place. The mice were given a cholinergic neurotoxin--ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A)--(8 nmol) or saline as a control into the left ventricle 2 weeks before they were housed in the apparatus. Those mice housed in this apparatus mastered the alternation task at a 5-sec delay on day 3 in the sham group and on day 4 in the AF64A group. When a longer delay (5-90 sec) was introduced for the mice that mastered the alternation task at 5-sec delay, the AF64A group made significantly more errors than did the sham group at 60- and 90-sec delays. These results show that the apparatus is useful in estimating working memory in mice with little effort.

Animals↗

Effects of NZ-105, a new calcium antagonist, on renal function in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of a new dihydropyridine derivative, NZ-105, on renal function were investigated in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Intravenous injection of NZ-105 (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg of body weight) significantly increased the urine flow rate (UV) and renal absolute excretion of sodium and chloride. Potassium excretion also increased significantly, but it was relatively slight in comparison with sodium or chloride excretion. There was a decrease in mean blood pressure (-14.5 +/- 2.3 and -22.3 +/- 3.4 mm Hg, 20 min after the administration of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was not changed; however, the renal plasma flow (RPF) was significantly increased. The tubular site of action of NZ-105 was investigated by the lithium clearance technique. Intravenous injection of NZ-105 inhibited sodium reabsorption beyond the proximal tubules about four to five times more effectively than at the proximal tubules. In conclusion, intravenous administration of NZ-105 in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats caused diuretic and natriuretic action. The possible site of diuretic action may be mainly at the nephron segments beyond the proximal tubules.

Anesthesia↗

Comparison of the outer and inner epidermis : inhibition of auxin-induced elongation of maize coleoptiles by glucan antibodies.

Polyclonal antibodies, raised against beta-d-glucans prepared from oat (Avena sativa L.) caryopses, cross-reacted specifically with (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucans when challenged in a dot blot analysis of related polymers bound to a cellulose thin layer chromatography plate. The antibodies suppressed indoleacetic acid (IAA)-induced elongation of segments from maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles when the outer surface was abraded. However, IAA-induced elongation of nonabraded segments or segments with abrasion restricted to the interior of the cylinder was not influenced by the antibodies. Fab fragments prepared from the antibodies gave similar results. The capacity for IAA to overcome outward curvature of split coleoptile segments was partially reversed by treatment of the segments with the antibodies. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that antibody penetration was largely restricted to the epidermal cell wall region. These results support the view that the degradation of (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucans in the outer epidermal cell wall serves an essential role in auxin-induced elongation of Poaceae coleoptiles.

Journal Article↗

Fine needle aspiration cytology of high grade T-cell lymphomas in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers.

We studied the fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of high grade peripheral T-cell lymphomas from eight human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) positive patients. FNA smears from seven lymphomas showed a distinctive cytologic pattern with a dominance of rounded cells with irregular nuclei and a moderately basophilic cytoplasm. Irregular cells with a pale abundant cytoplasm were present in varying amounts. Some smears contained a few giant cells with cerebriform nuclei. In addition, plasma cells and eosinophils were found. Epithelioid cells were an inconstant finding. On histology these seven lymphomas were assigned to the pleomorphic medium-large cell subtype and all but one were of T-helper phenotype with rearrangements of the T-cell receptor. FNA smears from a lymph node in a patient with a previous histological diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis of the gingiva showed a monotonous pattern of large immunoblastic cells with some binucleated variants consistent with a diagnosis of high grade immunoblastic lymphoma, which was confirmed histologically. Our results show that peripheral T-cell lymphomas from HTLV-1 positive patients have cytological patterns which are distinctive enough to allow a conclusive diagnosis of high grade T-cell lymphoma. However, we do not think that the cytology of HTLV-1 positive lymphomas can be differentiated from that of virus-unrelated high grade T-cell lymphomas.

Adult↗

Analysis of antigenic determinants shared by two different allergens recognized by human T cells: house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and chironomid midge (Chironomus yoshimatsui).

To analyse the cross-reactivity of T-cell-mediated immunity between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and Chironomus yoshimatsui (Cy), the most common allergens in Japan, we established antigen-specific human T-cell lines and clones. Some but not all of the Cy-induced T-cell lines showed a significant proliferative response not only to Cy, but also to Dp. No T-cell line responded to other unrelated antigens. When we stimulated the Dp-induced T-cell clones with Cy, 3 of the 40 clones (7.5%) showed a significant proliferation, and 2 of the 3 clones produced interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma, indicating their helper function. Cross-reactivity was diminished significantly after the absorption of Dp antigen in an anti-Cy affinity column. The cross-reactive epitopes were thought to be expressed on the Dp molecule of 45-53 kD. The presence of helper T cells reactive to both allergens suggests a possibility that this cross-reactivity might be involved in part in the high incidence of allergy to the 2 major allergens.

Allergens↗

CBF and oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis patients: effects of anemia correction with recombinant human EPO.

To investigate the effects of anemia correction with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on both cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis (HD) patients, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction (rOEF), and metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO2) were measured by positron emission tomography in five HD patients, and the data were compared with eight nondemented controls who had neither anemia nor uremia. In the HD patients, 1,500 U of rhEPO were administered intravenously three times a week to achieve a 10% increase in hematocrit (Hct) as an absolute value. Before rhEPO administration, the hemispheric rCMRO2 in HD patients was 1.48 +/- 0.09 (SE) ml.min-1.100 ml-1, which was significantly lower than that of 2.18 +/- 0.10 in the controls (P less than 0.01). In contrast, both rCBF and rOEF were significantly greater in the HD patients than the control, being 40 +/- 3 vs. 32 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 for rCBF (P less than 0.02) and 49 +/- 1 vs. 38 +/- 1% for rOEF (P less than 0.001). After treatment with rhEPO, Hct rose significantly from 21 +/- 1 to 31 +/- 1% in HD patients (P less than 0.001). There were significant reductions in both the hemispheric rCBF to 32 +/- 1 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 (P less than 0.01) and rOEF to 42 +/- 1% (P less than 0.01). However, the hemispheric rCMRO2 remained low at 1.58 +/- 0.06 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 even after rhEPO treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Evaluation of enteric coated tablet sensitive to pancreatic lipase. I. In vitro disintegration test.

We designed a new enteric coated preparation which is pH independent and functions by pancreatic lipase activity in the duodenum. Triolein (TO) and trilaurin (TL) were selected as lipase sensitive components and ethylcellulose (EC) was used as the support film for TO and TL. Tablets (330 mg, d = 10 mm) containing a model drug, sulfamethizole (SMZ), were coated with 1% each of TO, TL and EC solution by the fluidized bed coating technique. Disintegration tests were carried out in the media including JPXI 1st fluid (pH 1.2, JP-1), 2nd fluid (pH 6.8, JP-2) and JP-2 with gall powder and pancreatic lipase (JP-2-GL). The lag time of disintegration of the tablet (TOTL-Tab) coated 5-7 mg/tab with TO, TL and EC was about 10 min and all of the tablets disintegrated completely within 30 min in JP-2-GL. However, in the other media, which did not contain lipase, TOTL-Tab did not disintegrate for at least 2 h. It was confirmed that TO and TL in the coating film were digested by lipase. In addition, the tensil strength of the film decreased quickly after incubation in JP-2-GL. These results suggest that the application of TO, TL and EC to tablet coating is useful for an enteric release preparation sensitive to pancreatic lipase, even if patients have low gastric acidity or are taking antacids.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗

High-energy phosphate metabolism of the myocardium in normal subjects and patients with various cardiomyopathies--the study using ECG gated MR spectroscopy with a localization technique.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a new technique for the evaluation of myocardial metabolism. Recently, localized MRS has been clinically available to measure by a non-invasive method the relative concentrations of the high-energy phosphate metabolites in the myocardium. We performed ECG gated P-31 MRS using ISIS (image-selected in vivo spectroscopy) in 15 normal volunteers, 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 12 with left ventricular hypertrophy, 6 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 11 with specific heart muscle disease. Myocardial peak height ratios of PCr/gamma-ATP, Pi/gamma-ATP and PCr/Pi were measured. Myocardial P-31 MRS demonstrated a significant decrease in the ratio PCr/ATP in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and specific heart muscle disease as compared with normal subjects, indicating myocardial metabolic disturbance in these patients. The ratio of PCr/ATP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy did not differ significantly from that of normal subjects. However, exercise MRS revealed a marked decrease of PCr peak in an asymptomatic patient with dilated cardiomyopathy, which may indicate a latent metabolic disturbance in the myocardium of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

Delayed suppressive effect of a low dose of caerulein on the grooming behavior induced by the D1-receptor agonist SKF 38393.

Caerulein (CLN, 0.8-80 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was administered to male rats 10 min or 24 hr before the injection of SKF 38393 (3 mg/kg, i.p.). The increased mouth movement and grooming behavior by SKF 38393 were suppressed dose-dependently by CLN 10 min before the SKF 38393. CLN at the dose of 0.8 micrograms/kg, given 24 hr before the SKF 38393, suppressed the grooming behavior by SKF 38393. These findings suggest that a low dose of CLN, but not a high dose, had a delayed suppressive effect on the grooming behavior induced by an excess of D1-activity.

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-ben↗

Expansion rate of thoracic aortic aneurysms and influencing factors.

The risk of rupture of an aortic aneurysm increases with size and rapid expansion rate. We studied the expansion rate of thoracic aortic aneurysms and the factors influencing expansion rate, and compared the results with those of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Forty thoracic aortic aneurysms and 25 abdominal aortic aneurysms were serially examined with enhanced and nonenhanced computed tomography. The mean expansion rate of thoracic aortic aneurysms was 1.3 +/- 1.2 mm/yr and was significantly lower than 3.9 +/- 3.2 mm/yr of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The factors increasing expansion rate of thoracic aortic aneurysms were initial size of aneurysms, diastolic blood pressure, and presence of renal failure by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis concerning the entire aortic aneurysms also revealed that the large size of the aneurysm and the presence of the aortic aneurysm in the abdomen increased expansion rate of aneurysms.

Aged↗

IgE, IgG, and IgG4 antibody titers to fractionated house dust mite antigens in nasal allergy patients.

Using 6 fractions differing in molecular weight of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp)-antigen, we measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the titers of specific IgE, IgG and IgG4 antibodies against Dp antigen in sera of allergic subjects who were sensitive to house dust mite. We intended to evaluate which Dp fraction acts as the major antigenicity for allergic subjects. Results were as follows: 1) In comparison with normal controls, the titer of IgE antibody specific to crude Dp antigen was evaluated, but no significant difference was found among the titers of IgE antibody against each Dp fraction. 2) The titer of IgG antibody against the fraction with a high molecular weight (190 KD, 95 KD) was significantly higher than the titer of the 15 KD fraction in the nasal allergy patients. 3) The 15 KD fraction induced significant elevation of the titer of IgG4 antibody. It suggests that the low molecular weight fraction may act as the major allergenicity of Dp-antigen for inducing both IgE and competitive IgG4 antibodies, although other fractions induce significant IgE responses in patients with nasal allergy.

Adolescent↗

Unoperated thoracic aortic aneurysms: survival rates of the patients and determinants of prognosis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term prognosis of unoperated thoracic aortic aneurysms, and to detect the risk factors which determine the prognosis of unoperated patients. The subjects were 52 unoperated patients with 58 thoracic aortic aneurysms (22 of the ascending aorta, 36 of the descending aorta or the aortic arch) and 38 with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The survival rates of the patients with ascending aortic aneurysms at 3 years and 5 years and those of the patients with descending aortic aneurysms at 5 years were significantly higher than those of the patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The risk factors for rupture of thoracic aortic aneurysms were the large size of aneurysms and non-management by the cardiologist and the risk factors for death unrelated to the aneurysms were patient age, male gender and non-management by the cardiologist.

Age Factors↗

Detection of human papillomavirus type 6f genome in nasal papillomatosis.

Five cases of nasal papillomatosis were studied clinicopathologically and virologically. In a case of recurrent papillomatosis of non-inverted type located on the nasal septum, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was detected by dot blot hybridization with an RNA cocktail probe of mucosal HPVs. In Southern blot hybridization, the DNA hybridized with that of HPV types 6 and 11 but not with those of types 16 and 18. Its restriction endonuclease-cleavage patterns corresponded well to those of HPV type 6f. These results suggested that HPV type 6 would also be associated with nasal non-inverted papillomatosis.

Blotting, Southern↗

[A case report of severe urinary retention and meteorism during flunarizine administration].

A case of flunarizine hydrochloride (FZ)-induced severe urinary retention and meteorism which resulted from sphincter spasm of the urinary bladder and the anus is presented. An 81-year-old female had received 10 mg/day FZ orally for 12 months before hypokinesia and general fatigue developed. Physical examination revealed slight rigidity of the extremities, abdominal distention and spasm of the anal sphincter muscle. Laboratory examinations showed uremia (BUN 88 mg/dl, Creatinine 16.8 mg/dl) and abdominal X-ray demonstrated marked distention of the small and large bowels. Renal failure improved within 2 days after massive urination using a urethral catheter. Abdominal distention was improved by the ileus and anal tubes. The difficulties of urination and defecation and decreased mobility of the extremities were resolved one month after the cessation of FZ. No organic changes were detected in urinary, intestinal and neurological systems by cystoscopy, CT, MRI and gastrointestinal fiberscopy. Serum concentration of FZ was 42.5 ng/ml on admission but decreased slowly to 17.9 ng/ml 80 days later. Serum half life was calculated to be 55 days which was 3 times longer than that healthy younger volunteers.

Acute Kidney Injury↗