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Biomedical subjects

Y Mao

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mao.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Premature deaths in Canada: impact, trends and opportunities for prevention.

The impact, time trends and potential for prevention of premature deaths in Canada were assessed. There were almost 100,000 deaths before age 75 in Canada during 1986 resulting in over 1.7 million potential years of life lost (PYLL). The three leading broad disease categories responsible for PYLL were cancer, injuries/violence and cardiovascular disease. In both sexes, coronary heart disease, car accidents, lung cancer and perinatal conditions ranked in the top 5 specific diseases responsible for PYLL; breast cancer (females) and suicide (males) also ranked in the top 5 conditions. Over the period 1969 to 1986, death rates among persons less than age 75 increased for 3 conditions among females and 11 conditions among males. Lung cancer and brain cancer death rates increased in both sexes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease death rates increased among females only and death rates for suicide and 8 types of cancer increased among males only. Over the same period, death rates declined for 37 discrete disease categories among both females and males including particularly large improvements for coronary heart disease, stroke, car accidents and perinatal conditions. An estimated 50,000 or over 50% of all premature deaths per year are preventable through control of smoking, hypertension, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes and alcohol abuse. About 6,000 premature deaths are avoidable through improvements in medical care.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seasonality in epidemics of asthma mortality and hospital admission rates, Ontario, 1979-86.

Monthly trends in mortality and hospital admission rates attributed to asthma for those aged 15 to 34 for the province of Ontario were examined for the period 1979 to 1986. Graphs showing the monthly variation after the elimination of trend are presented. Time series models were constructed to evaluate the statistical significance. Asthma hospital separations peaked in the autumn and a test for seasonality was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Although the pattern for asthma mortality was similar, the test for seasonality was not significant (p greater than 0.10).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Random digit dialing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
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The impending Canadian prostate cancer epidemic.

PURPOSE: To model and forecast prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Canada to the year 2016. METHODS: Bivariate multiplicative models of prostate cancer incidence and mortality for Canadian men aged 45 years or older, linear in time and Weibull in age, were fitted using weighted non-linear regression. RESULTS: The number of incident cases of prostate cancer is forecast to increase from 11,355, observed in 1990, to 26,900 by the year 2010 and to 35,200 by the year 2016. The number of deaths are estimated to climb from 3,424, observed in 1991, to an estimated 6,300 by the year 2010, and to 7,800 by the year 2016. CONCLUSIONS: The dramatic increase in prostate cancer rates with age, coupled with the expected large increase in the elderly Canadian male population and steadily increasing prostate cancer incidence rates will produce very large increases in the number of men who will have prostate cancer over the next 20 years. This has important implications for health care delivery in the future.

Age Distribution↗
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New and prevalent patients with end-stage renal disease in Canada. A portrait of the year 2000.

The number of patients initiating treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has increased dramatically in Canada and other countries. To assist healthcare planners, the prevalence of ESRD in Canada has been projected to the year 2000 using a Markov modelling technique. Significant increases in ESRD are expected in Canada during the next decade, particularly among the elderly and diabetic populations: estimated increases in prevalence rates of ESRD between 1992 and the year 2000 were 78% and 154% for non diabetic and diabetic populations respectively. These expected increases did not differ significantly between the treatment groups, except among patients with diabetes, in whom projected increases in the prevalence of functioning transplant was smaller than for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Because the current Canadian prevalence rates are lower than those of some other countries, such as the United States and Japan, these expected trends in prevalence appear reasonable, and illustrate the growing healthcare needs of the ESRD population in Canada during the next decade.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lifetime probability of developing lung cancer, by smoking status, Canada.

Life table methodology was used to estimate the probability of developing lung cancer by smoking status. Lifetime risks of developing lung cancer were estimated for six hypothetical cohorts (males, females, male current smokers, male never smokers, female current smokers, and female never smokers). Estimates of smoking mortality and incidence rates were calculated based on Canadian rates observed over the period 1987 to 1989. It was found that 172/1,000 of male current smokers will eventually develop lung cancer; the similar probability among female current smokers was 116/1,000. For those who never smoked on a regular basis the lifetime risk was substantially reduced. Only 13/1,000 males and 14/1,000 females in this category will develop lung cancer. When smoking status is not adjusted for, the lifetime risk of developing lung cancer is approximately 96/1,000 and 43/1,000 for males and females respectively.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leukemia mortality and farming in the prairie provinces of Canada.

BACKGROUND: An increased risk of leukemia has been previously noted among farmers. PURPOSE: To examine the risk of fatal leukemia according to various farming practices in a large cohort of Canadian farm operators. METHODS: A cohort study of the mortality experience (1971-1987) of male farmers in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta has been conducted. The census records of 156,242 male farmers identified on the 1971 Census of Agriculture and the corresponding Census of Population were linked to mortality records through 1987. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant test for trend (p = 0.03) between leukemia mortality and the number of chickens and/or turkeys owned (relative risk for > or = 130 chickens and/or turkeys = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.99, 1.77). No association was observed between leukemia mortality and either insecticide or herbicide use. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is necessary regarding why farmers exposed to chickens may be at an increased risk of leukemia.

Adult↗