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Biomedical subjects

Y Mano

Publications and source records attributed to Y Mano.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Evaluation of diving stress implication of analysis of work loads].

An investigation was conducted on the actual diving conditions of 2,996 divers in Japan except those engaged in fishery. Results of analysis made on the diving profiles and actual working conditions showed that some of their jobs required heavy load and that the burden was excessively large. Little study has been made for the proper evaluation of diving stress or work loads, but it has been assumed from these limited studies that the load is not so heavy. The load has been generally estimated to be about 1.8l/min STPD of oxygen consumption (VO2) during 40 l/min STPD of expiratory gas volume/min (VE). In our examination of their actual diving work, their work load was far greater than our expectation. It was in practice not only difficult to obtain the actual VO2 but also very difficult to determine their actual fatigue. Instead of these, it is necessary to establish an adequate index for evaluating diving work load. Studies have been made in our laboratory since 1981 and regression equations have been finally obtained, by which load during diving work can be determined using heart rate as index. Seven healthy males were chosen as subjects of the present study having a mean age of 34.4 yr and a mean diving history of 7.3 yr. First, performance time was acquired in each subject by bicycle ergometer exercise and the maximalen oxygen consumption (VO2-max) was obtained. In the second step, VO2-max was obtained by using the regulator apparatus for breathing during SCUBA diving. This value was 86.1% of the first step. The third step was made in a swimming pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A study of eustachian tube function in fishermen (oikomi-gyohoh) divers].

The intranasal pressure at the opening of the auditory tube was compared by Valsalva's method with that of normal adults under atmospheric pressure to find the auditory tubal function of divers often exposed to hyperbaric conditions. It was found that the mean auditory tube opening pressure was higher in professional divers than in normal adults who had never been exposed to hyperbaric pressure. There are two ways of accommodating human auditory tubal ventilation: active opening and passive opening--the former is predominant in adults, the latter in children. The function of professional divers resembles the child type. This finding suggested that they were frequently exposed to a hyperbaric environment, and their auditory tube might not be opened and closed with each swallowing movement under atmospheric pressure, or the auditory tube and the middle ear themselves have been changed into a condition whereby they no longer needed the opening with each swallowing movement might under atmospheric pressure. Moreover, divers take various postures while they are diving, and in rapid dive, they often take a head-down posture. It was obvious that the auditory tube opens less readily in the head-down position. This phenomenon appears to represent the effect of hydrostatic venous pressure in water.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Research on the incidence of decompression sickness in compressed air works. The development of its recent five years' study].

Compressed air works have been used as the safest construction work for the basic underground or underwater compressed shield or caisson works in Japan; however, the workers who were exposed to the compressed fields must have put themselves at risk of decompression sickness. Decompression sickness is generally considered to be due to the bubble effects and the bubbles originate from the supersaturated gas dissolved in the blood and other tissues. The standard decompression schedule by the Ministry of Labor has been practically applied at the end of compressed air works, and the laborers decompress slowly from the bottom pressure to the surface according to the schedule. It is difficult to completely prevent the sickness and the average percentage of contracting "bends," using the Japanese standard decompression schedule, is considered to be 0.54%. But previous papers reported higher incidences from 1.42 to 3.3% or more. We have continued an actual investigation on the incidence, and the number of the exposed trials amounted to nearly a hundred thousand. These data were compared between recent five years' group and before. Eventually, it was ascertained that the incidence has been significantly decreased in the recent five years; however, greater care in occupational safety control is still needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Medical aspects of the environmental sanitation of workplaces in compressed air work in Japan].

Actual follow-up investigations were made for a period of 5 yr and 10 months since February 1980 on 55 places of caisson and shield work. The maximum bottom pressure in caisson work was 3.6 kg/cm2 (4.6 ATA) and that of shield work was 1.6 kg/cm2. The number of exposures of workers was 23,737 in caisson work and 75,244 in shield work. The items of geomedical measurements were temperature (degrees C), humidity, dust, illumination, noise, oxygen, carbonic acid gas and others. In compressed air work, it is most important to prevent decompression sickness (bends) from the view of occupational health. The incidence of bends has decreased in recent years because of strict control by regulations. Environmental hygiene, however, has seldom been discussed in this field and little geomedical control has been made on compressed air work. In view of this situation, we have, therefore, studied, observed, and measured the hygienic factors of this work during the past five years. This investigation is without doubt the first of its kind in Japan and the areas covered most of the regions where compressed air works have been made in the past. From these results, it can be concluded as follows: The working temperature was controlled, but humidity was too high (nearly 90%). Illumination was insufficient. Dust was a problem, but high humidity played an important role in decreasing the volume. The environment was noisy. It is therefore natural that environmental studies should be continued and hygienic consideration be further emphasized in compressed air work.

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMed1986

The pharmacological effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on ataxic mutant mice.

The Rolling mouse Nagoya (RMN), Staggerer, Weaver and Reeler, all of which show hereditary ataxia, were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH-T) or physiological saline, and changes in the motions of these animals were observed by an Animex II and an open field method. All four strains of mice with ataxia showed improvement of ataxia and an increase in the motion volume, but these changes were not necessarily consistent in degree. Improvement of ataxia was most marked in the RMN and the Staggerer, moderate in the Weaver and slight in the Reeler, which showed enhanced tremor. The relationship between the competence of transmitting information in the cerebellum and improvement of ataxia by the injection of TRH-T aroused our interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of DN-1417 on ataxia in Rolling mouse Nagoya and Staggerer mouse in comparison with the effect of TRH].

The behavioral effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and a TRH analogue, DN-1417 (butyrolactone-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide citrate) on the ataxia of Rolling mouse Nagoya and Staggerer mouse were examined using open-field methods. The ataxic gaits improved after injection of TRH (25 mg/kg, ip) and DN-1417 (5.25 mg/kg ip), compared with injection of saline. As a whole, the improving effect of DN-1417 persisted about 2 or more times as long in duration as that of TRH.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic dystonia-parkinsonism with marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms.

Studies were performed on 5 patients with idiopathic dystonia-parkinsonism, each of whom had minor dystonic movements and parkinsonian symptoms with marked diurnal fluctuation. Levels of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not different from those in controls. Considerable improvement in dystonic movements and parkinsonian symptoms was obtained with a small dose of L-dopa, trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, amantadine, or bromocriptine hydrochloride. Electrophysiological investigation confirmed that the dystonic movements, which became remarkably worsened on attempted movement, contributed importantly to the diurnal fluctuation of symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of renal parathyroid hormone receptor function in myotonic dystrophy.

Endocrine abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy (MyD) reflect some of the multi-systemic involvement resulting from this disorder. One of these, abnormal insulin secretion, is considered to be caused by receptor dysfunction. Bone abnormalities, cataract and calcium transport defect suggest the abnormal calcium metabolism in MyD. The calcium metabolism is chiefly regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). An interest in the similarity between MyD and pseudohypoparathyroidism, which is a disorder of PTH receptor dysfunction, encouraged the authors to evaluate renal PTH receptor function from the responses of urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphate excretion after administration of human PTH(1-34). The responses of cAMP were high in 3 cases, low in one case, but normal in the 4 other cases. The phosphaturic responses were elevated in 3 cases, reduced in 3 cases, and normal in 2 other cases. Since these abnormal responses closely mimic those in hypoparathyroidism, there may also be renal PTH receptor dysfunction in some cases of MyD. The results of the present study suggest another peptide hormone receptor defect, similar to insulin, which supports the hypothesis of generalised receptor dysfunction in MyD.

Adult↗