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Biomedical subjects

Y Maki

Publications and source records attributed to Y Maki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An erythromycin derivative, EM-523, induces motilin-like gastrointestinal motility in dogs.

The effect of an erythromycin derivative, EM-523, on gastrointestinal motility was investigated in conscious dogs and compared with that of motilin cisapride, trimebutine and metoclopramide. In the fasting state, EM-523 given i.v. or i.d. at 3 micrograms/kg or more induced contractions in the stomach that migrated along the small intestine. The pattern of the contractions was very similar to that induced by motilin. In the digestive state, EM-523 increased the amplitude of gastric contractions. Cisapride and metoclopramide increased gastrointestinal motility both in the fasting and digestive states; however, their contractile pattern was different from that of EM-523. Trimebutine did not induce gastric motility in the fasting state but rather decreased gastric motility in the digestive state. The contractions induced by EM-523 and motilin were inhibited by atropine but were not affected by naloxone, suggesting that the cholinergic pathway is important in the exertion of their action. These results indicate that EM-523 mimics motilin in stimulating gastrointestinal motility and that this agent may be useful treat gastrointestinal disorders such as gastric stasis, gastroesophageal reflux, and postoperative ileus, and so forth.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Moyamoya disease.

The authors reviewed the Japanese literature on moyamoya disease. In the article we discuss the history of such investigations in Japan, the signs and symptoms, the diagnosis (especially concerning diagnostic criteria and magnetic resonance imaging), the pathology in relation to its etiology, and the current methods of treatment. On the whole, the main aim of the paper was to introduce our concept of moyamoya disease that is now current in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Early development of nephropathy in a new model of spontaneously hypertensive rat with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

We designed the present study to clarify whether the development of nephropathy was accelerated by a combination of hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes induced by neonatal streptozotocin treatment (25.0-75.0 mg/kg) were separated into severely or mildly diabetic groups according to their non-fasting plasma glucose levels at 12 weeks of age and the findings were compared with the data on a control group treated with citrate buffer alone. The natural courses of urinary excretion rate of total protein, the molecular composition by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with laser densitometer and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were measured in the three groups from 12 weeks until 36 weeks of age. Total urinary protein in the control group decreased with age (p less than 0.05), while in the mildly diabetic group changes were nil; in the severely diabetic group, however, the excretion rates of total urinary protein and high molecular weight protein consistently and progressively increased with age (p less than 0.05). The low molecular weight protein continuously decreased with age in the mildly diabetic and control groups (p less than 0.05), while in the severely diabetic group there was no decrease after 28 weeks of age. The urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase markedly increased (p less than 0.05) in the severely diabetic group throughout the period compared with findings in the control group, but drastically decreased (p less than 0.05) in the mildly diabetic group with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inhibitory effect of methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H-pyrazol o[3, 4-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379) on type III allergic (Arthus) reaction.

Methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379), a non-steroidal, non-acidic agent, markedly inhibits type III allergic (Arthus) reaction; the ID50 values of AA-2379 in the rat reversed passive Arthus pleurisy, the rat active Arthus pleurisy, and the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rat skin were 5-10 mg/kg, p.o., and 30 mg/kg of AA-2379 inhibited the active Arthus reaction in rabbit skin by about 50%. Dexamethasone, but not acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aminopyrine, inhibited the Arthus reaction. The vascular permeability in the reversed passive Arthus pleurisy is enhanced biphasically in the early response mediated by physiologically active amines, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, and in the late response mediated by complements and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). AA-2379 inhibited the late response more potently than the early one. Furthermore, when given after the early response was reduced, AA-2379 obviously inhibited the late response. Rat zymosan-induced paw edema and mouse zymosan-activated serum-induced peritonitis, mediated by complements, were dose-dependently inhibited by AA-2379; the ID50 values were 11.4 and 10.2 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. The results suggest that AA-2379 differs from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in strongly inhibiting the late response of the Arthus reaction, which associated with PMNs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H-pyrazol o[3, 4-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379), a novel non-acidic agent.

The antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of methyl 7-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-methylamino-4,6-dioxo-5-propyl-2H-pyrazolo[ 3, 4-d]pyrimidine-2-carboxylate (AA-2379), a novel non-acidic agent, were examined. 1. AA-2379 had a potent antiinflammatory activity; 3-25 mg/kg, p.o. of the compound inhibited rat carrageenin-, bradykinin-, trypsin-, formalin-, dextran-, and nystatin-induced paw edema; mouse traumatic edema; and rat croton oil pouch inflammation by about 30%. The compound at 25-50 mg/kg, p.o. also inhibited the vascular permeability induced by histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. 2. AA-2379 had an analgesic activity; the ID50 values in mouse phenylquinone-induced writhing were 10.1 mg/kg, p.o. and the compound at 12.5 mg/kg, p.o. inhibited dog urate arthritis. 3. AA-2379 at 3-10 mg/kg, p.o. showed antipyretic activity in febrile rats and rabbits. 4. AA-2379, at 500 mg/kg, p.o. was not ulcerogenic in rats. 5. These data show that AA-2379 is more active than non-acidic antiinflammatory agents, such as tiaramide and aminopyrine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Tumor cord and growth in human brain tumors based on mathematical morphology.

The growth of human brain tumor was quantitatively investigated by using the anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) monoclonal antibody and the texture analyzing system (TAS). Tissues from thirty eight patients consisting of 22 gliomas, 8 brain metastases, 1 cerebellar hemangioblastoma and 7 normal white matters were applied in this study. Mean values of growth fractions (GFs) were 29.4% in group 1, 14.8% in group 2, and 6.5% in group 3. The higher value of GFs showed a significantly larger degree of perivascular aggregation of S-phase cells (DPAS). The mean number of cells in each tumor cord was approximately 20, which is not significantly larger than that of the normal group. But there was a significant difference between the non-selected area of the histologically malignant or benign gliomas and the proliferating area of the biologically malignant or benign brain tumors (t-value; p less than 0.001). A significant difference was also noticed in the mean area and diameter of tumor cords (t-value; p less than 0.001). From the point of view of biological behavior in human brain tumor, it is suggested that one tumor cord contains approximately 20 viable cells in the proliferating area in both benign and malignant brain tumors, and that if viable cells increase to more than 20 cells in one TC, necrotic cells and the diameter and area of the TC will increase, because the vessel-density is decreased by the occlusion of the vessels and the death of the endothels.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Marked cerebrospinal fluid collection associated with hepatic failure.

We report two cases with abnormal CSF accumulation in the cranium. One case had marked dilatation of the ventricular system, for which a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was carried out. The shunt was not beneficial and it turned out that the patient was suffering from ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The second case developed marked subdural effusion after fulminating hepatic failure and septicemia, for which drainage of the subdural space and subsequent insertion of Ommaya reservoirs were carried out. In spite of successful CSF control, the outcome was bad, both cases being incapacitated due to severe encephalopathy probably caused by hyperammonemia. The results of serial computed tomographic follow-up are presented.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

Residual B cell function in patients with long-standing NIDDM and its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications.

We have evaluated the residual pancreatic B cell function by glucagon load test in 28 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of a duration of 20 years or more. The increase in serum C-peptide at 6 minutes after glucagon administration (delta C-peptide) was used as an index of residual B cell function. There was much less delta C-peptide in patients treated with insulin than in those treated with sulfonylurea (p less than 0.05), and it was significantly correlated with the body mass index (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). Long term metabolic control assessed by the average annual mean fasting blood glucose for the observation period (mean, 21 years) was not correlated with delta C-peptide (r = -0.13). The prevalence of retinopathy which needed photocoagulation therapy and of neuropathy in patients with poor residual B cell function (delta C-peptide less than or equal to 0.3 ng/ml) was the same as that in those with good residual B cell function (delta C-peptide greater than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml). The present study shows that the residual B cell function is not correlated with long term glycemic control and the prevalence of diabetic complications in long-standing NIDDM patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Post-inflammatory arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern. Observation of development of the cyst.

Arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cistern are rare. Patients with this lesion are usually normal at birth, and signs of increased intracranial pressure (IICP) develop at about 4 to 12 months of age. However, there has been no report about this mechanism. A case of arachnoid cyst of the quadrigeminal cistern is presented. In this case, the process of the cyst growth was observed during the course of follow-up for shunted hydrocephalus. Symptoms coincided with the growth of the cyst. Therefore, the development of the clinical symptoms was thought to be due to IICP caused by cyst expansion. Our case was complicated by inflammation, something that may offer a key to solving the mechanism of cyst fluid accumulation and the relationship between symptoms and development of the cyst.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1988

[Unusual postoperative hemorrhage in a patient with ruptured aneurysm and hemophilia B].

A case of ruptured cerebral aneurysm with hemophilia B is reported, and discussion is made concerning the management of mild type hemophilia in surgical operations. A 41-year-old male came to our hospital with complaints of severe headache, vomiting, and transient consciousness disturbance. His dentist said the patient had a mild bleeding tendency when he was 30 years old, however no postoperative hemorrhage was repeated in appendectomy in his childhood. He also had had no episodes of spontaneous bleeding. CT scan on admission showed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and angiography revealed a ruptured aneurysm at the trifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. His coagulation screening tests (bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time) were normal. An aneurysmal neck clipping was carried out, and operators did not detect any bleeding tendency during the surgery. CT scan on the next day showed no remarkable finding. On the third postoperative day, right hemiparesis occurred. Left putaminal hemorrhage took place. His coagulation tests and FDP were also normal. The hematoma was partially evacuated. After the second operation his condition was good, and rehabilitation program started. On the 15th hospital day his consciousness deteriorated suddenly, and CT scan showed a massive epidural hematoma on the left. His prothrombin time elongated mildly, but other tests were normal. Coagulation factors VIII and IX were examined and the factor IX was 22.5% of control. He was thought to be a patient with mild type hemophilia B. Despite a third operation for hematoma removal he died on the 20th hospital day. Mild type hemophilia B does not bleed spontaneously.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗