Biomedical subjects

Y M Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Y M Liu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

[Clinical study on effect of gushukang granule in preventing and treating primary osteoporosis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of Gushukang granule (GSKG), a Chinese herbal preparation, in preventing and treating primary osteoporosis. METHODS: The total of 197 patients of osteoporosis, whose bone mineral density (BMD) was below 1 standard deviation of the peak bone mass of same sex, with no complications and had not been treated were selected. Among them, 176 were menopausal females for over 1 year and 21 males aged over 70. The females were voluntarily divided into three groups, the 101 cases in the observed group were treated with GSKG 12 g, three times a day and calcium carbonate 300 mg, twice a day, orally taken for 6 months; the 23 cases in the positive control group were treated with equal volume of calcium preparation alone and the 52 cases in the blank control group were untreated. All the males were treated in the same way as that in the observed group of female. The BMD level of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 and other related to indexes of bone were determined before and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS: BMD level in the two control groups lowered by 1.8% after 6 months. While in the observed group, BMD lowered slowly or even increased, after 6 months the average BMD increased by 3.1% in females and by 3.9% in males. The effective rate was 91.1% in females and 95.2% in males. After treatment, the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphate decreased, estradiol, testosterone and high density lipoprotein increased in the female observed group, while the obove-mentioned indexes unchanged in the control groups. CONCLUSION: GSKG has the effects in increasing sex hormones (both estrogen and androgen), inhibiting bone absorption, slowing down bone mass loss and elevating BMD, it could prevent and treat osteoporosis effectively. Besides, it could increase the level of high density lipoprotein so as to benefit prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Study on the structural property of polysacchrides 139A--a kind of IL-1R antagonists from microorganism].

AIM: To study the structural property of the bioactive component from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces 139 which can inhibit IL-1R. METHODS: Polysaccharide 139A is extracted and purified by means of macroreticular resin Diaion HP-20, cation exchange and DEAE Sephadex A-25 chromatography. The sugar compositions were analyzed with GC, the linkage positions of 139A were determined by methylation and GC-MS. RESULTS: The bioactive component which can inhibit IL-1R is a kind of polysaccharides. CONCLUSION: The components of 139A repeat units are conjectured.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed2001

[Protective effect of Angelica on ECV(304) from injury induced by hyperlipidemic serum in vitro].

The aim of this article was to examine the protective effect of Chinese traditional medicine Angelica on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs, ECV(304)) from injury induced by hyperlipidemic serum (HLS) and to study the underlying mechanisms. Microstructures of HUVECs were observed by a scanning electron microscope. Spectrophotometer and immunocytochemical methods were used to detect the content of NO in the suspension and expression of ICAM-1, TGFbeta(1), bFGF on the cell surface, respectively. After being incubated with HLS for 24 hours, HUVECs exhibited pronounced morphological changes, such as disappearance of microvilli on the endothelial cell (EC) surface, rupture of cell membranes, etc. Expression of ICAM-l and bFGF in ECs was significantly increased, while expression of TGFbeta(1) and the release of NO from ECs were significantly decreased. All these effects of HLS on ECs can be reversed by Angelica significantly. The above effects of Angelica may be related to its anti-atherosclerotic action.

Angelica sinensis↗

PubMed2000

The influence of the resolution and contrast on measuring the articular cartilage volume in magnetic resonance images.

The progression of OA in patients may be followed by measuring the volume of articular cartilage from MR images. We attempted to determine the reproducibility of volume measurements of articular cartilage made from magnetic resonance images of the knees and the dependence of the reproducibility on image resolution and contrast-to-noise. A fat-suppressed 3D technique was used to generate four image sets with different image resolution. Each patient was imaged twice to obtain image pairs at each resolution. To assess the dependence of reproducibility on noise we generated six image sets for each patient by adding noise to the original images and repeating the comparison. On each image set, the femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilage were outlined by a combination of computer and manual methods, and the images were used to calculate the volume of each cartilage plate. Comparing the coefficient of variance between the volume measurements made from the two visits, the volume measurements made from images with the highest resolution (0.275 x 0.275 x 1.0 mm) had the highest reproducibility. The high resolution images of the tibia and femur had the least partial-volume averaging and, as a result, better defined the boundaries between cartilage and adjacent tissues. A different trend was evident for the patella. For studies of osteoarthritis therapies, we recommend using MR images with the highest possible in-plane spatial resolution to provide the most reproducible volume measurements of knee cartilage.

Body Mass Index↗

PubMed2000

[Studies on risk factors for liver fibrosis of schistosomiasis japonica].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for schistosomal liver fibrosis. METHODS: 192 hepatitis-negative patients with schistosomiasis were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the result of B ultrasound examination, that is, grade 2 and 3 fibrosis group(81 patients), grade 1 fibrosis group (61 patients) and control group (non-fibrosis, 50 patiets). The univariate and multivariate ordinal regression model was made to analyse the possibly harmful factors influencing the liver damages of these patients. RESULTS: Four factors were found to be positively associated with schistosomal liver fibrosis. They were: number of treatments of schistosomiasis (OR = 1.75), interval of schistosomal infection(OR = 1.40), history of drinking wine (OR = 1.95) and familial history of advanced schistosomiasis (OR = 2.11). CONCLUSION: Patients with repeated schistosome infection, long duration of schistosomal infection, long history of drinking and familial history of advanced schistosomiasis had higher risk for liver fibrosis than schistosomiasis patients without these factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Monitoring cellular release with dynamic channel electrophoresis.

A channel electrophoresis system consisting of a 50 microns by 75 mm by 25 mm separation channel has been adapted to follow stimulated release from individual and small groups of isolated neurons. The cells of interest are placed in a nanoperfusion chamber located near the exit of a sampling capillary. The capillary is scanned across the mouth of the channel so that compounds released from the cells are dynamically introduced into the separation channel. The position of the sampling capillary along the channel entrance yields temporal information, and electrophoresis in the channel length dimension provides the chemical data. NDA/CN- is placed in the inlet vial between the sampling capillary and channel so that primary amine-containing compounds released from the cell are derivatized prior to separation as they enter the channel. The performance of this method is evaluated, and the optimum NDA/CN- concentration and separation conditions for this on-line derivatization are presented, with detection limits for most underivatized amino acids of approximately 500 nM at a particular time slice. The time-resolved electropherograms from single and a small group of cerebral ganglion neurons from Aplysia californica stimulated with KCl show multiple components released with different time courses.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Determination of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by liquid chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection.

An HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection is described for the determination of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) formed from lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocytes. Carbonyl compounds were fluorescently labelled by incubating the hepatocyte samples with a tagging reagent, 4-(2-carbazoylpyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-ProCZ), at 60 degrees C for 10 min. The hydrazone derivatives were extracted with a C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge and separated on a reversed-phase HPLC column. The detection limit was 2.5 fmol or 0.5 nM (5 microL injection) of HNE in the cell homogenate. Method precision (C.V.) was 5% at the 5 nM level. The method has been used to determine free HNE in rat hepatocyte samples treated with several pro-oxidant toxins. A significant HNE increase (from 4 to 27.6 pmol/10(6) cells) was observed with the samples treated by allyl alcohol. The results were in accordance with those for malondialdehyde formation as measured by a thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed1999

Occupational injuries in Shunde City--a county undergoing rapid economic change in southern China.

A survey was carried out in Shunde City of Southern China to look into the occurrence of occupational injuries in the 'township industries' during the years 1989-1993. A total of 981 major injuries and 159 fatal injuries were recorded for 602,533 person years over the 5 years, giving a major injury rate of 1.63/1000 per year and a fatal injury rate of 0.26/1000 per year. Both the major injury rate and the fatal injury rate increased from 1989 to 1993. Males had a higher fatal injury rate while females had a higher major injury rate. The majority of the injuries occurred in the younger age group with the 20-29 age group taking up more than half of the total casualties. Industries having high injury rates included building and construction, furniture, paper mill and printing. Electrical appliances manufacturing, sewing and shoe making were the industries having low injury rates. Enterprises with foreign capitals and those managed by individuals also had lower injury rates. Machinery injuries were the most common type of major injuries while electrocution, being hit by heavy objects and falling from height accounted for over 60% of fatal injuries. The implications of the differential distributions of the occurrence of the injures were discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1998

Separation of amino acid and peptide stereoisomers by nonionic micelle-mediated capillary electrophoresis after chiral derivatization.

Enantiomers of amino acids and peptides were derivatized with a fluorescent chiral reagent, 4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidinl-yl)-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole [R-(-)- or S-(+)-NBD-PyNCS] and the resulting diastereomeric derivatives separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The CE running buffer consisted of 25 mM acetate buffer (pH 4) and 10 mM of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100. The excitation maximum of NBD-PyNCS at 480 nm matches the major Ar-ion emission line at 488 nm allowing sensitive laser-induced fluorescence detection with limits of detection around 50 nM. D-Proline and D-aspartate spiked (at 10(-4) M and 10(-5) M concentrations, respectively) into complex biological matrices (rabbit serum and homogenate of Aplysia californica buccal ganglion) are detected without matrix interferences. This method has also been applied to the determination of D- and L-amino acid residues in peptides after acid hydrolysis. Results from the chiral analysis of the naturally-occurring peptide, gramicidin D, are shown.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1998

Urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA) in workers exposed to manganese dust.

The neurotoxicity of manganese (Mn) is well known, however, the neurochemical effect caused by this metal is less well investigated. In this study, urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA), two end products of catecholamine metabolism, were measured in 39 workers chronically exposed to Mn in a manganese smelting plant. The average duration of Mn exposure was 17.4 yr. Nineteen nonexposed workers were also studied. Concentrations of Mn in serum (MnS) and in urine (MnU) were measured by Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ZAAS), and HVA and VMA determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For Mn-exposed workers, the concentration of MnS was nearly 2.8 times (1.61 +/- 0.16 mg/L vs 0.56 +/- 0.16 mg/L) and MnU about 4.5 times higher (7.62 +/- 0.17 mg/L vs 1.69 +/- 0.16 mg/L) than the nonexposed. Although the geometric mean concentration of HVA in exposed workers was similar to that of the nonexposed (3.09 +/- 1.39 mg/g cre. vs 2.99 +/- 1.40 mg/g cre.), the VMA concentration was significantly higher (3.02 +/- 1.43 mg/g cre. vs 2.49 +/- 1.58 mg/g cre., p = 0.033). Multiple regression analysis showed that although there were no correlations between any of these parameters with the duration of exposure to Mn, both HVA and VMA showed significant correlations with increase in MnS and MnU. These data provide evidence that exposure to Mn was associated with measurable increase in catecholamine metabolites. This finding is compatible with recent observations in laboratory animals that Mn interferes with neurochemical metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Uncoupling protein-2 gene: reduced mRNA expression in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of obese humans.

The mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) is a recently discovered homologue of the brown adipose tissue-specific uncoupling protein and could be involved in the regulation of energy balance. Since obesity is associated with disturbed energy homeostasis, we tested the hypothesis that UCP-2 gene expression is deficient in this disorder. We determined, by a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, UCP-2 mRNA expression in intra- and extraperitoneal adipose tissues of 107 morbidly obese subjects and 31 lean control subjects. In both obese and non-obese subjects, UCP-2 mRNA abundance was higher in the intraperitoneal than in the extraperitoneal tissue (p < 0.05), but no association was observed between intra- and extraperitoneal expression in either group. Compared with lean control subjects, both male and female obese subjects displayed significantly lower average UCP-2 mRNA expression in the intraperitoneal adipose tissue (p < 0.006), while UCP-2 mRNA abundance in extraperitoneal adipose tissue was not different between obese and non-obese men and women. Intraperitoneal UCP-2 mRNA remained low in nine obese subjects who lost 23 +/- 12 kg of weight over a period of 10 +/- 5 months subsequent to weight reducing surgery. These data support the concept that impaired adipose tissue expression of UCP2 may play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

The significance of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in monitoring disease relapse in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R alpha) is a well-known indicator of T-cell activation noted to be increasing in nasopharyngeal cancer. However, the significance of sIL-2R alpha in monitoring disease relapse is unclear. This study was initiated to address this issue. METHODS: Serum of 56 patients with NPC, which underwent either primary, salvage, or palliative treatments, from 1992 to 1993 at the Cancer Center, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, were collected from our serum bank. According to their disease status at the time of study, at least two years after last treatments, the 56 patients were divided into four groups. The remission group represented those in remission at the time of study (n = 24). The metastasis group represented those with distant metastasis present at the time of study (n = 17). The recurrence group represented those with locoregional recurrence present at the time of study (n = 11). The combined group represented those with locoregional recurrence as well as distant metastasis (n = 4). The seral sIL-2R alpha concentrations of the 56 NPC patients were determined with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. The combined group was excluded in our statistical analysis. We performed statistical analysis on the differences of paired serum sIL-2R alpha concentrations between different periods of the diseases. The first analysis was on the differences of sIL-2R alpha concentrations between diagnosis and post-radiotherapy periods for 13 out of 24 patients in the remission group and 7 out of 11 patients in the recurrence group. The second analysis was on the differences of sIL-2R alpha concentration between follow-up before detection-of-relapse and after detection-of-relapse for 5 out of 17 patients in the metastasis group and six out of 11 patients in the recurrence group. RESULTS: The first statistical analysis revealed no significant differences of sIL-2R alpha concentrations for the remission group (P = 0.946) and the recurrence group (P = 0.156) between diagnosis and post-radiotherapy periods. The second statistical analysis revealed no significant differences of sIL-2R alpha concentrations between before and after detection-of-relapse for the recurrence group, neither (P = 0.438). The results for the metastasis group were different. The sIL-2R alpha concentrations were shown to increase after the detection of metastasis for the 5 paired samples from the metastasis group, although the Wilcoxon signed ranks test on the differences only showed borderline significance (P = 0.063). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that sIL-2R alpha would be of no value in monitoring the development of locoregional recurrence but might be useful in monitoring distant metastasis. Although our current limited data did not provide strong support for the role of sIL-2R alpha in monitoring metastasis, it might be delineated in the future by collecting more data.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗

PubMed1998

Prognostic factors and therapeutic options of radiotherapy in pediatric brain stem gliomas.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis was made to clarify the relationship between prognosis, radiation dose and survival of brain stem gliomas. METHODS: From 1983 to 1995, 22 children with brain stem tumors were treated by radiotherapy in the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. Twelve patients had pathology proof and the remainder were diagnosed by computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Seven patients had postoperative radiotherapy. Fifteen patients had radiotherapy as primary management, five of whom had adjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received 4000-7060 cGy, either in conventional daily or hyperfractionated twice daily radiotherapy. Survival from date of diagnosis was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were calculated by the log rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model, respectively. RESULTS: Most patients showed improvement following treatment. The overall 2-year survival rate was 55.5% with a median survival of 27.1 months. Two-year survival for patients with primary management of operation and radiotherapy (n = 7), radiotherapy alone (n = 10) and radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 5) were 66.7, 50 and 53.3%, respectively. In univariate analysis, the study revealed that the growth pattern of tumors and the simultaneous presence of cranial neuropathy and long tract sign were significant prognostic factors (P = 0.017 and 0.036). A trend of better outcome with radiation dose > 6600 cGy and the hyperfractionation scheme was also noted in our study (P = 0.0573 and 0.0615). However, only the hyperfractionation scheme was also noted in our study (P = 0.0573 and 0.0615). However, only the hyperfractionation scheme showed significance in multivariate analyses (P = 0.0355). Survival was not significantly affected by age, gender or method of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy appears to be an effective treatment modality of brain stem tumors. Patients with both cranial neuropathy and long tract signs had a poorer outcome. Hyperfractionated radiotherapy may give better local control and lead to better survival.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1998

Cesium effects on i(f) and i(K) in rabbit sinoatrial node myocytes: implications for SA node automaticity.

Cesium blocks the hyperpolarization-activated current i(f) but blocks neither the delayed-rectifier current i(K) nor the sinoatrial (SA) node discharge. It has been proposed that the failure of Cs+ to block SA discharge is either an incomplete block or a negative shift of i(f). However, an alternative possibility is that i(K) (rather than i(f)) has a predominant role in the SA-pacemaker potential. To investigate this point, the effects of Cs+ on both i(f) and i(K) in the pacemaker range of potentials were studied in the same single SA node cell at the same time by means of the perforated patch-clamp technique. Hyperpolarizing steps from a holding potential (Vh) of -35 mV into and past the pacemaker-potential range resulted in a progressively larger i(f) associated with an increasing slope conductance. Cs+ (2 mM) reversibly blocked both i(f) and the slope conductance increase, suggesting that the current activated was indeed predominantly i(f). Subsequently, hyperpolarizing steps to -50, -60, and -70 mV were applied in the absence (to activate only i(f)) and in the presence of a prior depolarizing step to +10 mV (to activate i(K) as well, as the action potential normally does). Cs+ almost abolished i(f) but only slightly decreased i(K). It is concluded that the failure of Cs+ to block the SA- node spontaneous discharge is not due to a shift of i(f) out of the pacemaker range (due to run-down) or an incomplete block of i(f). Instead, the resistance of i(K) to block by Cs+ is consistent with a predominant role of i(K) for the discharge of the SA node, although i(f) can contribute under normal or special circumstances. The reduction of i(K) by Cs+ raises the question whether the Cs+ slows the SA-node discharge not only by suppressing I(f), but also by reducing i(K).

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1998

Local immune responses correlate with presentation and outcome in tuberculosis.

Local cellular immune responses may affect presentation and outcome in tuberculosis (TB). To investigate this hypothesis, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 30 patients with untreated pulmonary tuberculosis and assessed the type of cellular inflammatory response and cytokine production. We then correlated BAL findings and cytokine production with clinical findings. We also performed BAL on a subset of patients to examine changes in cytokine production by BAL cells over time. We found that at presentation patients with less clinically and radiographically advanced TB (smear-negative, noncavitary disease) had a local immune response characterized by a predominance of lymphocytes. Furthermore, BAL cells from these patients secreted interferon (IFNgamma), and not Interleukin-4, suggesting a Th 1-type lymphocytic response. In patients with smear-positive and/or cavitary disease, macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant BAL cell type, but with treatment and clinical improvement these patients went on to recruit IFNgamma producing cells to the lung. We conclude that the type of cellular immune response that occurs locally in the lung may affect presentation and outcome in pulmonary TB, and an understanding of the development of this response may lead to insights into pathogenesis and novel therapies for TB.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1998

[Effects of Cs on automaticity and pacemaker current If and Ik in rabbit sinus node cells].

Conventional microelectrode and perforated patch clamp techniques were employed to study the pacemaker mechanisms in enzyme-isolated rabbit sinus node cells. 2 mmol/L Cs had little effect on automatic discharge of the SA node and the slope of diastolic depolarization. Cs blocked both If and slope conductance increase but left Ik largely unaffected. The results suggest that If is not essential for the first stage of automatic activity of the rabbit SA node.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1998

Uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in obese human subjects: the role of sequence variations at the uncoupling protein-1 gene locus.

Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) activity in brown adipose tissue increases thermogenesis, contributes to facultative energy expenditure in humans, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rodent obesity. To determine genetic factors controlling UCP-1 expression in humans, we measured intra- and extraperitoneal UCP-1 mRNA abundance levels by a competitive RT-PCR method and compared expression levels with common sequence variations in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene and the distal UCP-1 gene promoter in obese human subjects. While median and average UCP-1 mRNA levels in both the intra- and extraperitoneal tissue were lower in subjects heterozygous for the Trp64Arg mutation in the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene, this difference was not statistically significant. However, a strong association of intraperitoneal UCP-1 mRNA abundance with the UCP-1 gene polymorphism at -3826 relative to the transcription start site was observed that explained 19.3% of the interindividual variability. The minor allele imparted a dose-dependent reduction on UCP gene expression. The importance of sequence variations at the UCP-1 gene locus as a common source of UCP-1 mRNA abundance variability was supported by allele-specific expression studies utilizing a newly identified polymorphism in exon 2 of the UCP-1 gene that predicts a substitution of alanine by threonine. In four subjects heterozygous for the -3826 polymorphism, the mRNA species transcribed from the wild-type allele accounted for 63+/-6% percent of total intraperitoneal mRNA abundance. In one subject homozygous for the minor promoter allele, wild-type mRNA was also more abundant than variant mRNA. Thus, the UCP-1 polymorphism at -3826 is probably only a marker for a frequent mutation causing reduced mRNA expression.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1998

Bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies.

The decision regarding the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies must be individualized in each institution, by taking into account variations in the patterns of microbial isolates and their resistance profiles. Microbial isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns must be taken into account at each hospital. A shift from bacteremia due to infections caused by predominantly gram-negative organisms to predominantly gram-positive organisms in patients with hematologic malignancies has been noted in reports from other countries. We investigated bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivities in patients with hematologic malignancies in the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. A total of 185 episodes of bacteremia in 140 patients with hematologic malignancies were recorded during the period from 1995 to 1996. Unlike foreign reports, our investigation shows that gram-negative organisms still predominate, accounting for 72.7% of isolates, followed by gram-positive organisms, accounting for 26.3% of isolates, and anaerobes, accounting for 1% of isolates. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism, accounting for 23.9% of isolates, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (7.3%), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7.3%). A high mortality rate was observed in gram-negative bacteremia: 31% for E. coli, 26% for K. pneumoniae, 24% for P. aeruginosa, and 33% for E. cloacae. If methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia occurred, mortality was high (47%). The antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the four most common gram-negative isolates (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and E. cloacae) indicated that, in our hospital, amikacin with either cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, or imipenem, would be an ideal combination for empirical therapy for bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Adolescent↗