Experimental laparoscopic aortic aneurysm resection and aortobifemoral bypass.
The purpose of the present study was to develop a technique for laparoscopic aortic aneurysm resection and aortobifemoral bypass through an anterior retroperitoneal approach. Eight piglets weighing between 75 and 80 kg were anesthetized. The concepts of Shumacker's anterior retroperitoneal exposure of the aorta were modified to allow laparoscopic exposure of the aorta in the first four animals. The other four animals were treated as if they had an aortic aneurysm. The piglet is placed in a supine position. The first port (1.5 cm) is placed laterally near the tip of the 12th rib. As much dissection of the retroperitoneum as possible is performed digitally through this port. A second port (1.5 cm), through which an abdominal lift device and a peritoneal retractor will be inserted, is created superiorly just lateral to the left rectus sheath, and a plane is developed that joins the original dissected space. Two other ports (1.5 cm) are placed in the flanks in a plane inferosuperior to the first port. The surgeon will use two of the lateral ports, and the third one is for the laparoscope. The last two ports (1.5 cm), from which the assistant will work, are placed in the left paramedian region. Using this approach, we performed four aortobifemoral bypasses in an average of 4.5 h after conventional i.v. heparinization (100 IU/kg) with minimal bleeding (blood loss < 550 cc). After infrarenal aortic cross-clamping, the external iliac and caudal vessels were either tied with 0-chromic or occluded with laparoscopic bull-dogs. The aorta was opened, and bleeding lumbar arteries and the aortoiliac junction were sutured with 4-0 Prolene. The vascular graft was sutured end-to-end to the aortic stump with running 4-0 Prolene. Tunneling to the femoral regions was made easy by the position of the animal. No mortality occurred before sacrifice of the animals. This laparoscopic animal model paves the way for human aortic aneurysm replacement.