Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Y Liel.
Previous studies demonstrated decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obese subjects. Studies were carried out to determine whiter serum vitamin D is low in obesity. The results indicate that serum vitamin D is significantly lower in obese than in nonobese individuals and may contribute to lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in obesity.
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We have reported a case of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and metastatic carcinoma of the colon in a 38-year-old woman. Despite the mucin content and the high incidence of carcinoma of the colon in western populations, there are only four cases of colon cancer among the 77 reported cases of malignancy-associated MHA.
The incidence of osteoporosis and fractures of the hip are diminished in blacks and in obese subjects. To determine whether bone mass is increased in them, bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 89 nonobese white and 51 nonobese black women, all of whom were within 30% of their ideal body weight and between the ages of 20 and 50 yr, and in 21 obese white women and 21 obese black women, all of whom weighed 30% on more than their ideal body weight and were in the same age range. The BMD of the mid radius was also measured by single photon absorptiometry. The mean BMD of the mid radius was higher in black than in white nonobese women [0.73 +/- 0.01 (+/- SE) vs. 0.70 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01] and was not altered by obesity in either group. The mean BMD was higher in the black than in the white nonobese women at the lumbar spine (1.23 +/- 0.02 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01), trochanter (0.78 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.01 g/cm2; P less than 0.01) and femoral neck (0.96 +/- 0.02 vs 0.90 +/- 0.02 g/cm2; P less than 0.02). The mean body weight was higher in the obese than in the nonobese white women (92 +/- 2 vs. 61 +/- 1 kg; P less than 0.001) and black women (94 +/- 3 vs. 63 +/- 1 kg; P less than 0.001). The mean BMD was higher in the obese than in the nonobese white women at the lumbar spine (1.24 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P less than 0.05), trochanter (0.89 +/- 0.04; P less than 0.001), and femoral neck (0.99 +/- 0.03; P less than 0.01) and was higher in the obese than in the nonobese black women at the lumbar spine (1.33 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P less tham 0.01), trochanter (0.88 +/- 0.04 g/cm2; P less than 0.05), and femoral neck (1.04 +/- 0.03 g/cm2; P less than 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed positive correlations between body weight and BMD at each of the 3 weight-bearing sites, but not at the mid radius, in both the black women and white women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A 65-year-old man presented with supraclavicular, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy clinically thought to be due to malignant lymphoma. Biopsy of a supraclavicular lymph node revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma positive for prostatic-specific antigen. This site of the primary tumor was confirmed by needle biopsy of the prostate gland. The tumor regressed dramatically following treatment with estramustine phosphate.
The relationship between the serum levels of calcitonin (CT), Ca and P, and red blood cell Ca-ATPase (RBC Ca-ATPase) was investigated during Ca infusion given to 6 healthy volunteers. The following results were obtained: Ca infusion, during a 3-hour period, raised serum levels of CT, P and RBC Ca-ATPase with significant correlations between serum CT and RBC Ca-ATPase. The increase in RBC Ca-ATPase activity was accompanied by an appropriate decrease in K-Na-ATPase activity. This study supports the in vitro observations concerning the regulation of intracellular Ca level by CT. Activation of Ca-ATPase during Ca loading is important for red cell survival.
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The case of a patient who presented clinically with hemoptysis and was shown to have bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and renal abnormalities is described. This typical clinical setting was initially diagnosed as Goodpasture's syndrome. Open biopsies of lung and kidney were performed. Light microscopy failed to demonstrate the renal abnormalities most often associated with Goodpasture's syndrome. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopic findings were compatible with a diagnosis of immune complex glomerulonephritis. No immunologic lesions were demonstrated by lung biopsy. Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies were not detected in the patient's serum. In view of the drastic prognostic and therapeutic consequences of Goodpasture's syndrome, it is essential that this diagnosis be confirmed by tissue examination and serologic testing.
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Fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on 183 patients for the purpose of evaluating thyroid nodules. Adequate specimens were obtained in 70% of 217 FNA. Definite malignant or benign results were obtained in 68% of adequate specimens. Thus, data useful for patient management were obtained in half the cases. Among the 41 patients who underwent surgery following an adequate preoperative FNA, there was one false positive and one false negative report (a patient with necrotic undifferentiated carcinoma mistaken for acute bacterial thyroiditis). The use of FNA in a routine setting is supported by these results.
We report three patients with thyrotoxicosis due to solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, which at surgery were found to contain papillary carcinoma. Despite the rarity of this concurrence we suggest that it may be useful to employ fine-needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of the solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.
The competition of bromocriptine and lisuride hydrogen maleate (LIM) with estradiol binding to various tissues was evaluated by the dextran coated charcoal method. Bromocriptine and LIM competitively inhibited the binding of [3H] estradiol to its cytosolic receptors in rat uterine, pituitary and hypothalamic tissue and in DMBA induced mammary tumors. Ki was 2 X 10(-5) M for bromocriptine and 2 X 10(-4) M for LIM. Metoclopramide, dopamine and L-dopa had no significant effect on [3H] estradiol binding. The interaction of bromocriptine and LIM was specific for estrogen receptors. There was no interaction with progesterone receptors from rat uterus and pituitary and with testosterone receptors from rat epididymis and testis. When tested for estrogenity in the immature rat uterus, bromocriptine and LIM induced specific estrogen inducible proteins such as cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors. However, they do not affect the uterine/body weight ratio and peroxidase activity. A clear interaction of inhibitors (bromocriptine and LIM) of prolactine secretion, with cytosolic estrogen receptors from various tissues was shown. Some in vivo estrogenic effect was also demonstrated in the immature rat uterine system.
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