Biomedical subjects

Y Leonov

Publications and source records attributed to Y Leonov.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Aeromonas species bacteremia in nonimmunocompromised hosts. Two case reports and a review of the literature.

Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. We present two case reports of Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia in uncompromised patients from two medical centers. Three additional cases (two in immunocompromised hosts and one in a normal host) were found in these centers after retrospective screening of bacteriologic records over the last 3 years. A review of the English medical literature over four decades revealed only 24 additional cases of Aeromonas infection in the nonimmunocompromised host. The primary sources of Aeromonas bacteremia are abdominal and soft tissue infections. In the normal host the prognosis is good when antibiotic treatment is initiated early. Aeromonas are sensitive to aminoglycosides, second- and third-generation cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and ureidopenicillin. There appears to be an increased recognition of this organism, as well as an increase in frequency of Aeromonas-related infection.

Aeromonas↗

PubMed1989

Effect of excitatory amino acid receptor blocker MK-801 on overall, neurologic, and morphologic outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs.

Excitatory amino acids accumulating in the brain during ischemia may cause selective neuronal damage postischemia. This hypothesis was tested in a series of studies using MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, in a reproducible outcome model of prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs. After normothermic ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest, the dogs were resuscitated with closed-chest femoral veno-arterial cardiopulmonary bypass. At 4 h they were separated from bypass, ventilation was controlled for 20 h, and intensive care was continued to 96 h. In Study I, ventricular fibrilation cardiac arrest (no-flow) was 17 min; starting immediately with reperfusion, MK-801 1200 mg/kg (n = 5) or an equal volume of placebo (n = 5) was infused over 12 h in blinded, randomized fashion. In Study II, the duration of the no-flow period was reduced to 15 min, and MK-801 2400 mg.kg-1 (n = 4) or placebo (n = 4) was infused. In Study III, no-flow lasted for 15 min, and MK-801 2400 mg/kg was started 30 min before ventricular fibrillation (n = 4); comparison was with Study II controls. In all three studies, MK-801 plasma concentrations peaked at greater than 50 ng/ml and were 15-30 ng/ml over 12 h. All 22 dogs of experiments within protocol survived with severe brain damage. MK-801 delayed return of pupillary reactivity, EEG activity, consciousness, and respiration, necessitating longer periods of controlled ventilation. Neurologic deficit scores, overall performance categories, and brain and heart morphologic damage scores at 96 h did not differ between placebo and MK-801 pretreatment or post-treatment groups. These negative outcome results after prolonged cardiac arrest do not negate the hyperexcitability hypothesis of selective vulnerability, but suggest the existance of additional mechanisms of secondary brain damage.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure induced by paraphenylenediamine.

1. We present a 40-year-old healthy man who developed a typical clinical picture of rhabdomyolysis following the administration of paraphenylenediamine by a witchdoctor as a pain killer. 2. Two groups of 15 mice were given paraphenylenediamine 70 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg respectively. Biochemical and histological findings of rhabdomyolysis developed in both groups, without kidney damage. 3. Paraphenylenediamine may cause rhabdomyolysis resulting in acute renal failure in humans. In mice, however, it produces rhabdomyolysis, but the kidneys are not affected.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1988

Thrombosis of superior vena cava during total parenteral nutrition, managed successfully with low dose streptokinase.

Superior vena cava syndrome due to catheter related thrombosis, developed in a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition. Local infusion of low dose streptokinase immediately proximal to the thrombus, was strikingly successful and may be the treatment of choice for this condition.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Acute tumour lysis syndrome with extreme metabolic abnormalities.

Tumour lysis syndrome, manifested by various metabolic derangements, is a known complication after treatment of some lymphoid malignancies. A patient is reported with acute lymphocytic leukaemia who developed a tumour lysis syndrome following intensive chemotherapy. All the known complications of the syndrome were present in the most severe form--hyperuricaemia of 1.44 mmol/l, hyperphosphataemia of 7.7 mmol/l with acute oliguric renal failure and extreme hyperkalaemia of 9.8 mmol/l with electrocardiographic changes. This life-threatening condition did not respond to conservative measures and the patient recovered only after haemodialysis.

Adult↗

PubMed1986