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Biomedical subjects

Y Lampl

Publications and source records attributed to Y Lampl.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Chloral hydrate in intractable status epilepticus.

Five adult patients were admitted to the neurological department in a state of status epilepticus. All were treated unsuccessfully with IV diazepam and diphenylhydantoin. Administration of sodium valporate or phenobarbital also was ineffective. However, after treatment with intrarectal chloral hydrate, all seizures ceased. The excellent effect of this drug was proved both clinically and electrodiagnostically. Discussed is the possibility of using chloral hydrate to treat patients with status epilepticus in whom conventional treatment has failed.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1990

LDH isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid in various brain tumours.

This study examined the isoenzymatic pattern of LDH in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as the ratio between the five fractions of LDH among patients with various brain tumours, carcinomatous meningitis and control groups. LDH 1/LDH 2 less than 1 was found significant for carcinomatous meningitis (p less than 0.001) and brain metastases (p less than 0.001). LDH 1/LDH 2 ratio was found to be significantly lower in carcinomatous meningitis than in brain metastases (p less than 0.05). No LDH 1/LDH 2 ratios smaller than 1 were found in the other groups. The LDH 1/LDH 2 ratio smaller than 1 was found in the early stage of carcinomatous meningitis without other evidences of the involvement of the leptomeninges. Examination of LDH 1/LDH 2 can be found as an adjunctive method to identify brain metastases and carcinomatous meningitis at the initial stage.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1990

Cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in early stroke and transient ischemic attacks.

We examined the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase in the cerebrospinal fluid of 25 patients with strokes and 15 patients with transient ischemic attacks less than or equal to 8 hours after the onset of the vascular event and in a control group of 21 patients. We found significantly higher concentrations in the stroke patients (40.9 +/- 14.5 units/l) than in the transient ischemic attack patients (11.8 +/- 2.9 units/l, p less than 0.001) and the controls (11.2 +/- 6.7 units/l, p less than 0.001). Among the stroke patients, we found a significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase concentration in those with cortical strokes (n = 12, 50 +/- 12.3 units/l) than in those with lacunar white matter infarcts (n = 5, 26.4 +/- 6.5 units/l; p less than 0.001) and those with basal ganglia infarcts (n = 8, 36.37 +/- 11.7 units/l; p less than 0.05). Our study offers a supplementary examination for diagnosing cortical or subcortical infarction during the early stage of the event, with the possibility of distinguishing precisely stroke from transient ischemic attack during the first hours after onset of the event.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate in acute stroke: a randomized double-blind study.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was performed as a pilot study to examine the benefit of the administration of magnesium sulfate given intravenously as a protective substance during the first 24 hours following a stroke. Patients who had cortical infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory with moderate to severe neurologic deficits lasting for more than 15 minutes with onset less than 24 hours were included. The patients were treated with magnesium sulfate or placebo for 5 days and examined by a blinded investigator. Patients had follow-up for 30 days. The primary efficacy variable was the proportion of patients reaching mild to moderate neurologic deficit on the Orgogozo scale (80 points) and relative functional independence on the Barthel index (60 points). Orgogozo scale and Mathew scale values were obtained on admission and days 2, 4, 8, and 30 after stroke. Barthel activities of daily living index and Rankin disability score were obtained on day 30. Forty-one patients (22 given treatment and 19 given placebo) demonstrated significant beneficial effects on the Orgogozo scale (84 +/- 11 vs. 64 +/- 10, p < 0.0001) and (83 +/- 14 vs. 70 +/- 15, p < 0.009), respectively. At the end of 1-month follow-up, the Barthel ADL index was nonsignificantly higher and the Rankin disability score was marginally significantly lower in the magnesium-treated group (84 +/- 26 vs. 71.8 +/- 26, p < 0.143) than in control subjects (2.3 +/- 1.1 vs. 3 +/- 1.3, p < 0.077). Intravenous magnesium sulfate had significant positive effect on the outcome in patients with acute stroke. Further studies on a larger scale are needed to confirm these findings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rhabdomyolysis induced by simvastatin and ketoconazole treatment.

Rhabdomyolysis is described as an adverse event of simvastatin therapy either by itself or in combination with other medications. It is unclear whether this phenomenon is specific to simvastatin or to all cholesterol-lowering agents as single-dose therapy or caused by the association of special coadministered medications. We describe two cases in which rhabdomyolysis developed after coadministration of simvastatin (20 mg/d) and the antifungal ketoconazole. The clinical features, blood examination results, and positive outcome were very similar in both cases. We concluded that ketoconazole, an antifungal sterol synthetic inhibitor of the azol group, may induce rhabdomyolysis in patients undergoing treatment with simvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, and increase the possibility of muscle-damaging adverse events of the agents.

Aged↗