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Biomedical subjects

Y L Yu

Publications and source records attributed to Y L Yu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Beta-thromboglobulin in cerebral infarction.

Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) was significantly elevated in the acute phase of 116 atherosclerotic thrombotic (p less than 0.0001) and 36 cardioembolic (p less than 0.005) infarcts but normal for 96 lacunes compared with controls. This elevation persisted into the 6th week after the acute event. Among atherosclerotic thrombotic infarcts, the acute beta-thromboglobulin level showed a tendency to correlate with infarct size on CT and predicted mortality at 6 weeks. These results suggest that platelet aggregation plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Hyperglycemia is a stress response in acute stroke.

To explore further the relation between admission glucose concentration and outcome in stroke, we measured glucose, fructosamine, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations on admission in 216 patients seen within 24 hours after the onset of their first stroke. Fructosamine concentration reflects the degree of glycemia in the preceding 4-6 weeks and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration reflects that in the preceding 3 months. Based on clinical, computed tomographic, and necropsy findings, strokes were classified as cortical infarction, lacunar infarction, or intracerebral hemorrhage. Analyses were done including and excluding 47 diabetic patients. No correlation between neurologic outcome as mortality and fructosamine or glycosylated hemoglobin concentration was found. Survival showed a significant correlation with admission glucose concentration only for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia is unlikely to worsen the outcome of acute stroke and that hyperglycemia probably represents either a latent diabetic state or a stress response.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Admission glucose level in relation to mortality and morbidity outcome in 252 stroke patients.

In a prospective study to correlate admission glucose level with neurologic outcome in stroke, 252 acute stroke patients without prior disability and admitted within 24 hours of onset of ictus were assessed. The stroke was classified into one of three types--cortical infarct, lacunar infarct, or intracerebral hemorrhage--by clinical, computed tomographic, and necropsy findings. Fifty-one diabetic patients were excluded from the entire cohort to form a nondiabetic category for analysis. We found that admission glucose level showed a significantly higher degree of correlation with mortality and morbidity (measured as arm function, leg function, and activities of daily living) when cortical (n = 118) and lacunar (n = 58) infarcts were pooled compared with when they were assessed separately. For intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 76), admission glucose level correlated with mortality but not morbidity. This trend persisted despite exclusion of diabetic patients. These results are consistent with previous observations of a correlation between a high admission glucose level and the severity of stroke. The importance of segregating cortical from lacunar infarcts, two groups with a different natural history and prognosis, in any future analysis is emphasized.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy due to metastatic germinoma in the neck: a ventriculoatrial shunt-related complication.

A 12-year-old boy with suprasellar germinoma was treated with a right-sided ventriculoatrial shunt at diagnosis. He subsequently developed a metastatic neck mass that presented with an isolated right hypoglossal nerve palsy. Radiological investigations showed a vascular tumor and thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein. It is hypothesized that thrombosis at the venous inflow channel allowed local proliferation of the tumor cells that exited from the intracranial cavity via the shunt.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Cryptococcal infection of the nervous system.

Eighteen patients with cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system seen during a 10-year period were reviewed. Eleven patients (61 per cent) were immunocompromised due to underlying disease and seven of these were on steroids, cyclophosphamide or both. Two-thirds of patients presented with the triad of fever, headache and neck rigidity suggesting meningitis; seizures and mental confusion were uncommon. A high index of suspicion was essential for diagnosis particularly in immunocompromised subjects, and the diagnosis was established by positive Indian-ink preparation, culture or raised antigen titre in the cerebrospinal fluid. CT scan was helpful for diagnosis and progress monitoring. Amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were the mainstay of treatment, and imidazole derivatives and garlic may be helpful adjuncts. Mortality was 39 per cent, but full recovery was the usual outcome in those who survived. The prognosis was worse with immunocompromised patients, and of those who died, comma and/or convulsion on admission and marked cerebral oedema and hydrocephalus on CT were notable features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cerebral infarct precipitated by praziquantel in neurocysticercosis--a cautionary note.

A patient who developed a cerebral infarct during the course of praziquantel therapy for neurocysticercosis is described. Destruction of a large number of cysts by praziquantel followed by a massive inflammatory response was likely to have precipitated the event. Caution on the use of this drug in patients with heavy parasite loads is emphasized.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1987

Some dynamic factors in compressive deformity of the cervical spinal cord.

An investigation into the relative elastic and non-elastic components of compressive deformity of the cervical spinal cord has been made. Sixteen patients were examined by computed myelography with the neck flexed and extended, and one fresh specimen of a human spinal cord was studied under reversible transverse compression with the specimen in a stretched and shortened state. In conditions of transverse compression cord tissue undergoes an alteration in viscoelastic properties, manifesting itself as reduced expansion of the compressed segment as the cord shortens, which in some cases is independent of whether the agent is seen to actually contact the cord. The presence of degenerative changes in cord substance probably accentuates this alteration in mechanical properties.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Syringomyelia and cervical spondylosis: a clinicoradiological investigation.

Eighty eight patients with proven syringomyelia have been studied retrospectively to explore the relationship between syringomyelia and spondylotic degeneration of the cervical spine. When compared with age and sex matched control subjects, they showed no significant increase in incidence or severity of spondylosis or of vertebral subluxation. Duration of symptoms, degree of disability, and the pattern of analgesia or lower motor neurone lesions in the arms did not appear to be related to the development of spondylosis. The onset of moderate spondylosis was, however, earlier than in the controls, and individual cases with a remarkably early onset or unusual site and/or severity of spondylosis and subluxation were encountered, particularly following laminectomy. It was also noted that in a small number of patients the concomitant development of spondylosis contributed to clinical deterioration. It is concluded that while syringomyelia does not have a consistent, major role in the development of cervical spondylosis or vertebral luxation, it may contribute to progression of spinal degenerative disease in some patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Central and peripheral SEP defects in neurologically symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects with low vitamin B12 levels.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) following median nerve stimulation were abnormal in 7 patients with sensory impairment due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Extensor plantar reflexes indicated a central sensory pathway lesion in 4 cases and absent tendon jerks suggested peripheral neuropathy in 4, but median nerve SEPs indicated a predominantly central lesion without marked peripheral nerve involvement in 6 and an axonal neuropathy without CNS involvement in 1. The latter had evidence of central slowing of conduction in SEPs following posterior tibial nerve stimulation. Consequently, it is suggested that the brunt of sensory pathway involvement usually falls on the CNS, although peripheral neuropathy may occur as the major abnormality in some cases. In 2 patients SEPs showed a marked improvement following treatment with vitamin B12 injections, one consistent with restored central conduction and the other with recovery from peripheral neuropathy. No peripheral or central SEP abnormalities were seen in 18 dairy-produce eating vegetarians with low vitamin B12 levels, although 6 reported mild sensory symptoms suggestive of peripheral neuropathy and 3 had corroborative clinical signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Claude's syndrome: clinical and computed tomography correlations.

A patient with Claude's syndrome (ipsilateral fascicular third nerve palsy with contralateral ataxia) in whom computed tomography demonstrated a discrete infarct in the paramedian rostral mesencephalic tegmentum is reported. The vascular supply of the rostral mesencephalon is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Ataxia telangiectasia in Chinese children. A clinical and electrophysiological study.

The clinical manifestations, immunological, chromosomal, and multimodal electrophysiological studies of five Chinese patients with ataxia telangiectasia are described. One died of hepatocellular carcinoma not associated with Hepatitis B-antigenaemia. Another died of respiratory failure. Two siblings are free of sinopulmonary infections although they are wheelchair bound. Computed tomography of the brain showed cerebellar atrophy in four cases. Nerve conduction studies showed evidence of axonal neuropathy in all cases with the earliest detection at six years. Electromyography showed mild denervation changes in two cases. Two patients had abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials and one had abnormal visual and brain stem auditory evoked potentials. The level of alpha foetal protein was elevated whereas the serum carcino-embryonic antigen was normal in all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

High dose ketoconazole in the treatment of cerebral aspergilloma.

A 32-year-old Chinese woman with bilateral occipital aspergilloma was treated successfully with high dose ketoconazole (1200 mg/day) for six months in conjunction with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. No unacceptable side effects occurred. The use of high dose ketoconazole could be considered in CNS aspergillosis unresponsive to conventional anti-fungal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy.

A review of the extensive literature on cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy shows that the clinical picture and pathology are well defined, and the complex pathogenetic mechanisms are better understood. With recent advances in investigative procedures: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials, the diagnosis can be more accurate and the assessment more complete. Careful selection of patients for the appropriate treatment modality (conservative, anterior or posterior surgery) is crucial to the success in management.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral radionecrosis: is surgery necessary?

Seven patients with cerebral necrosis after radiotherapy for carcinoma of the nasopharynx are presented. The clinical features included seizures and a varying degree of intellectual impairment. In spite of significant mass effect on CT scan, the patients remained alert, ambulatory and independent. We believe that some cases of cerebral necrosis following radiotherapy for extra-cranial neoplasms present in a more benign fashion than has been portrayed in the literature, and in the absence of clinical evidence of raised intracranial pressure, surgical intervention is unnecessary. The importance of careful fractionation of an optimum radiation dose as a preventive measure is emphasised.

Adult↗