Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Y Kuwabara

Publications and source records attributed to Y Kuwabara.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Clinical results of repeated intraperitoneal administration of CDDP in patients with ovarian cancer].

CDDP was intraperitoneally administered to 45 ovarian cancer patients (9 cases in Stage Ic, 9 cases in Stage II, 19 cases in Stage III and 8 cases in Stage IV) as the first line chemotherapy to examine response rates and cumulative survival rates by Kaplan-Meier method. Among 18 cases with measurable tumor, there were 5 CR cases, 6 PR cases, 4 NC cases and 3 PD cases. Eleven out of 18 responded, for a response rate of 61.1%. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 88.9% and 88.9% in Stage I, 46.7% and 0% in Stage II, 48.6% and 41.7% in Stage III, and 0% and 0% in Stage IV, respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates in patients with residual tumor smaller than 2 cm in diameter after the first surgery in Stage III or IV were 76.9% and 61.4% respectively, in contrast to 11.5% and 11.5% in patients with residual tumor of 2 cm or larger in diameter. Thus, a significantly better prognosis was demonstrated in patients with residual tumor smaller than 2 cm. These results indicate that intraperitoneal administration of CDDP demonstrated high response rates and proved to be useful as the first line chemotherapy, yet did not manage to improve the long-term prognosis of patients with progressive cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in technetium-99m-hydroxymethylenediphosphate negative bone tumors.

We have encountered two cases of bone tumors with high 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and negative 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy, including a patient with myeloma and a patient with a metastatic bone tumor from esophageal cancer. Bone scintigraphy with a 99mTc-phosphate complex reflects osteoblastic activity in the bone tissue surrounding the tumor, whereas the accumulation of FDG is associated with the metabolic activity of the tumor itself. An FDG-PET study can therefore be used as a complementary study for the detection and follow-up of bone tumors when a 99mTc-phosphate bone scintigram is negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease with or without dementia.

By means of positron emission tomography, the cerebral glucose metabolism in 5 patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia was compared with that in 9 patients without dementia, and that in 5 normal volunteers. The metabolic rates for glucose were measured by placing one hundred regions of interest. In the demented patients, cerebral glucose metabolism was diffusely decreased compared with that of the non-demented patients and the normal controls. The most significant decrease in glucose metabolism was observed in the angular gyrus (49.7% of the normal controls). The glucose metabolism in the cingulate, pre- and postcentral, occipital and subcortical regions was relatively spared (62.1 to 85.5% of the normal controls). In the patients without dementia, the glucose metabolism in each region was not significantly different from that in the normal controls. These results suggest that diffuse glucose hypometabolism in the cerebral cortex may correlate with that of patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Increased striatal 18F-dopa uptake and normal glucose metabolism in idiopathic dystonia syndrome.

Striatal 18F-Dopa uptake and glucose metabolism were studied by positron emission tomography with 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively, in 8 patients with idiopathic dystonia. Patients with abnormal findings on the brain CT and MRI were excluded from this study. The clinical diagnosis consisted of torsion dystonia in 3 patients, focal dystonia limited in the arm in 3 and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) in 2. The 18F-Dopa uptake, corrected by nonspecific retention in the cerebellum, at 120 min post-administration was evaluated, and increased 18F-Dopa uptake in the putamen and in the caudate head was observed in the patients with idiopathic dystonia compared to the normal controls. The striatal glucose metabolism in the patients with idiopathic dystonia showed no difference with the normal controls. These findings suggest that pathogenetic mechanism of idiopathic dystonia involves increased presynaptic activity of the dopaminergic system in the striatum.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Positron emission tomography (PET) in "pure akinesia".

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies on regional cerebral glucose metabolism and [18F]fluorodopa uptake were performed on 3 patients with "pure akinesia without rigidity and tremors", 3 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients, and 5 patients with Parkinson's disease. The "pure akinesia" and PSP patients showed a marked decrease in glucose metabolism in the frontal cortex and striatum, and a decreased uptake of [18F]fluorodopa in the striatum. While the Parkinson's disease patients had a decreased uptake of [18F]fluorodopa in the striatum but no abnormality in the glucose metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed atrophy of the pretectum and dorsal pons in "pure akinesia" and PSP patients, but there was no such abnormality in the Parkinson's disease patients. As described above, patients with "pure akinesia" and PSP patients revealed similar findings on PET and MRI studies, while Parkinson's disease patients showed substantially different results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical trial of a lyophilized inactivated hepatitis A candidate vaccine in healthy adult volunteers.

The safety and immunogenicity of a lyophilized inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was tested in healthy adult male volunteers. Thirty-six volunteers, all of whom were negative for antibody to HAV (anti-HAV), were divided into three dosage groups, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 micrograms of viral protein, respectively. Each group received a total course of three intramuscular injections at months 0, 1 and 6. Slight side effects were noted after 16 of 99 injections and the occurrence and degree were almost identical to those of other commercial vaccines. On the other hand, all subjects had measurable titres of serum anti-HAV neutralizing antibodies as early as 2 months after the first injection. The mean values of serum anti-HAV neutralizing antibodies at 7 months in the 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 micrograms dose groups were 64-, 12-, and 9-fold higher, respectively, than those observed at 5 days in five recipients given 7.5 mg kg-1 body weight of immune serum globulin (ISG).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Rapid myocardial perfusion imaging with 99Tcm-teboroxime and a three-headed SPECT system: a comparative study with 201Tl.

99Tcm-teboroxime is a new myocardial perfusion agent with a high first pass extraction and rapid myocardial washout. The usefulness of 99Tcm-teboroxime was evaluated for detection of myocardial ischaemia using a three-headed single photon emission tomography (SPECT) system which allows for rapid data acquisition. The subjects consisted of 14 patients, including seven with ischaemic heart disease, four with cardiomyopathy and three others. After the 99Tcm-teboroxime injection, dynamic data was collected every minute for 15 min with continuous rotation. High-quality SPECT images could be obtained by reconstructing the serial scans from 2 to 8 min. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the 99Tcm-teboroxime study for the detection of the ischaemic region were not significantly different from those of the 201Tl study. Myocardial clearance was slow in the ischaemic lesion and in the myocardium of cardiomyopathy patients, while the coronary angiograms did not show any abnormality. These results therefore indicate that the rapid SPECT imaging and myocardial clearance of 99Tcm-teboroxime obtained with a three-headed SPECT system were useful for the detection of myocardial ischaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Sero-diagnosis for human parvovirus B19 infection by IgM and IgG antibody capture method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--study on an epidemic case of erythema infectiosum].

The IgM and IgG antibody capture methods of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human parvovirus B19 were performed using Horseradish peroxidase (HRPO)-labeled anti B19 monoclonal antibody. Serially obtained serum samples from one erythema infectiosum (E.I.) patient were examined at once by this methods. The dOD values of the IgM and IgG antibodies decreased on the typical curves according to the course of recovery. In the epidemic case of E.I. among students of one nurse school, 1) The first patients was estimated by comparing the change of dOD values of sera obtained at end of the epidemic and 1.5 months later. 2) In the pre-existing antibody positive persons, the dOD values of IgG antibody did not changed during the epidemic. 3) After the E.I. epidemic, and approximately 30% of the students were remained uninfected.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

CBF and oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis patients: effects of anemia correction with recombinant human EPO.

To investigate the effects of anemia correction with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on both cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in hemodialysis (HD) patients, the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), oxygen extraction (rOEF), and metabolic rate for oxygen (rCMRO2) were measured by positron emission tomography in five HD patients, and the data were compared with eight nondemented controls who had neither anemia nor uremia. In the HD patients, 1,500 U of rhEPO were administered intravenously three times a week to achieve a 10% increase in hematocrit (Hct) as an absolute value. Before rhEPO administration, the hemispheric rCMRO2 in HD patients was 1.48 +/- 0.09 (SE) ml.min-1.100 ml-1, which was significantly lower than that of 2.18 +/- 0.10 in the controls (P less than 0.01). In contrast, both rCBF and rOEF were significantly greater in the HD patients than the control, being 40 +/- 3 vs. 32 +/- 3 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 for rCBF (P less than 0.02) and 49 +/- 1 vs. 38 +/- 1% for rOEF (P less than 0.001). After treatment with rhEPO, Hct rose significantly from 21 +/- 1 to 31 +/- 1% in HD patients (P less than 0.001). There were significant reductions in both the hemispheric rCBF to 32 +/- 1 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 (P less than 0.01) and rOEF to 42 +/- 1% (P less than 0.01). However, the hemispheric rCMRO2 remained low at 1.58 +/- 0.06 ml.min-1.100 ml-1 even after rhEPO treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Leukoaraiosis and dementia in hypertensive patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although our previous study demonstrated that dementia of the Binswanger type may be a disconnection dementia caused by leukoaraiosis, some hypertensive patients with marked leukoaraiosis do not develop dementia. The goal of the present study is to elucidate the pathophysiology of nondemented hypertensive patients with leukoaraiosis. METHODS: We performed clinical and neuroradiological studies, including positron emission tomography, in eight hypertensive patients with leukoaraiosis. RESULTS: Four patients were demented, and two among the other four who were not demented at the first examination developed dementia during the follow-up period. Digital subtraction angiography of the cervical and intracranial arteries demonstrated stenotic lesions in only one patient. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with dementia were markedly reduced in the white matter (59-67% of control values). In contrast, cerebral blood flow in the white matter of patients without dementia was reduced less markedly (74% of control), oxygen extraction fraction in the white matter was significantly increased (130% of control), and oxygen metabolism remained at almost-normal levels not only in the white matter but also in the cortical area. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension-caused arteriosclerotic changes of the long penetrating medullary arteries may cause misery perfusion and later ischemic damage in the periventricular white matter. Preserved oxygen metabolism in hypertensive patients with leukoaraiosis may represent the early stage of vascular dementia of the Binswanger type.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia in Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alzheimer's dementia is thought to be a primary degenerative dementia, whereas vascular dementia of the Binswanger type is an entity of vascular dementia. We evaluated the cerebrovascular responsiveness to hypercapnia to clarify the differences in the cerebral hemodynamics between two groups of patients. The subjects were eight younger control subjects, five age-matched control subjects, five Alzheimer's patients, and five patients with vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. SUMMARY OF REPORT: In the resting state, the regional cerebral blood flow was low in both Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia of the Binswanger type. The responsiveness to hypercapnia was preserved in Alzheimer's dementia, whereas it was impaired in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type in the cerebral cortices and in the deep white matter. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that small vascular lesions exist in vascular dementia of the Binswanger type but not in Alzheimer's dementia, even though regional cerebral blood flow was thought to decrease by hypometabolism in both types of dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental perinatology--development of extrauterine fetal incubation system].

It goes without saying that the ideal situation for the immature fetus is growth within the normal environment of the maternal organism. Thus, in order to perform incubation that more closely resembles that of the fetus in utero, both in the extracorporeal and intracorporeal environment, an extrauterine fetal incubator, consisting of an artificial womb containing artificial amniotic fluid and a complete artificial placental system with a membrane oxygenator, was developed. Although similar experiments were performed in fetal lambs by Callaghan et al., Alexander et al., and Zapol et al., the fetuses only survived incubation for short periods of time, no longer than 55 hours. Previously, we reported the relatively long-term extrauterine incubation of goat fetuses, where by the longest period of incubation was 236 hours. However, several major problems, remained to be resolved. Here we present the case in which we succeeded in incubating a goat fetus for 3 weeks, followed by a trial birth from an artificial womb.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of post-term pregnancy].

One hundred fourteen cases of post term pregnancy were clinically analyzed and classified. 1. In case of primipara, the duration of labor was longer and the frequency of prolonged labor (greater than 24 hours) was higher than that of the same number of cases of term delivery at 39 weeks. 2. The main cause of prolonged labor was weak pains. 3. The mean newborn umbilical artery pH in prolonged labor cases was not lower than that in other cases. 4. The cases of post-term pregnancy were classified into 4 groups and compared each other in several respects. Group I: prolonged labor(-), fetal distress(-), vaginal delivery. Group II: prolonged labor(-), fetal distress(+), vaginal delivery. Group III: prolonged labor(-), fetal distress(+), cesarean section. Group IV: prolonged labor(+). 1) The length of the fundus uteri: Group III: minimum after 31 weeks: Group IV: maximum after 35 weeks. 2) The body weight of the newborn and the weight of the placenta: Group III: minimum: Group IV: maximum. 3) The titer of E3 in urine: Group III: obviously low. 4) The frequency of Clifford's sign: Group III: high frequency of meconium staining. Cases of post-term pregnancy were composed of several groups with different clinical features.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Marked reduction of cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a positron emission tomography study.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) in four patients with cirrhosis (two males and two females, aged 57 to 69 years) in comparison with those in five age-matched controls with previous transient global amnesia. PET studies were carried out when the patients were fully alert and oriented after the episodes of encephalopathy. In the patients, rCBF tended to be lower, while rCMRO2 was significantly lowered in almost all hemisphere cortices, more markedly in the frontal cortex. Our results suggest that the brain oxygen metabolism is diffusely impaired in patients with advanced cirrhosis, and the frontal cortex seems to be more susceptible to the systemic metabolic derangements induced by chronic liver disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Serum erythropoietic inhibitors in patients with pure red cell aplasia.

Inhibitory mechanisms of erythropoiesis in 20 patients with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) were investigated using the technique of in vitro hematopoiesis and an assay for human parvovirus. Complement-dependent serum inhibitors against late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) were demonstrated in seven of 19 patients examined, and complement-dependent inhibitors against early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) were demonstrated in three of these seven patients. Nonspecific and complement-independent inhibitors against CFU-E were thought to be associated with the etiology of PRCA in one patient. Human parvovirus-mediated erythropoietic suppression was demonstrated in a patient with complete remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with marrow erythroid aplasia, whose serum showed a perfect inhibition against erythroid progenitor cells. T-cell-mediated erythroid suppression was not demonstrated in the patients examined. These findings reveal that erythroid aplasia is associated with complement-dependent serum erythropoietic inhibitor in some patients (36.8% in the present study) with PRCA, but it is difficult to identify the mechanism of erythroid aplasia in more than half of the patients with PRCA. In addition, our present study discovered the presence of parvovirus-mediated marrow pure red cell aplasia in one adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Adult↗